Fieldiana Life and Earth Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Sperm Ultrastructure of the Protobranchia: Comparison with Other Bivalve Mollusks and Potential Taxonomic and Phylogenetic Significance","authors":"J. Healy, P. Mikkelsen, Gonzalo Giribet, R. Bieler","doi":"10.3158/2158-5520-17.11.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3158/2158-5520-17.11.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sperm ultrastructure of nine species of protobranch bivalves, representing three of four extant orders (Solemyida, Nuculida, Nuculanida), is discussed. Greatest diversity occurs in Solemyida (acrosomal vesicle low-conical, tall-conical, or very elongate, with radial plates; nucleus rod-shaped, teardrop-shaped, or very elongate; four, five, or six mitochondria) and the least in Nuculida (acrosomal vesicle low- to tall-conical; lacking radial plates; nucleus rod-shaped, five or six mitochondria) followed by Nuculanida (short, conical acrosomal vesicle with radial plates; spheroidal nucleus; four or five mitochondria). The wide variety of shapes in Solemyidae suggests taxonomic potential, especially in resolution and/or recognition of supraspecific taxa, but no diagnostic family characters were identified. Taxonomic potential exists for Nuculida (acrosomal shape) and Nuculanida (mitochondrial number). Protobranch sperm is highly diverse, and no defining character of the whole group was found. Support was found for the Nuculida and Nuculanida as natural groups but not for their close relationship. Nuculanida and Solemyida exhibit radial plates in the acrosomal vesicle but otherwise share no derived characters. The striking similarity of most sperm features of Nuculanida with certain pteriomorphians, especially Pectinoidea, a relationship also suggested by some mitochondrial DNA sequence data, poses interesting questions concerning their relationships and/or shared functional constraints.","PeriodicalId":309654,"journal":{"name":"Fieldiana Life and Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131846242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Eriocaulaceae of Peru: Three taxonomic novelties, and a revised checklist with key","authors":"N. Hensold","doi":"10.3158/2158-5520-17.10.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3158/2158-5520-17.10.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Paepalanthus piscatorum, sp. nov. (P. subsect. Polyactis) is described with two varieties endemic to the eastern Andes in Peru and Ecuador. Paepalanthus dichotomus var. glabrescens Moldenke is raised to species status as Paepalanthus glabrescens comb. et stat. nov. (P. subsect. Dichocladus), endemic to the vicinity of Chachapoyas. Affinities and floral morphology of both species are discussed in detail. The variability in Syngonanthus peruvianus is documented, with an updated species description. Paepalanthus stuebelianus is placed in synonymy of P. intermedius. In addition a revised checklist for Peru is presented, updating the account in the Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru (1993), and providing global habitat and distribution information, general comments on phytogeographic patterns in the family, and a dichotomous key to Peruvian species. Images of representative specimens are provided in a supplementary online resource (http://fieldmuseum.org/fieldiana-hensold). The new total of 31 species reflects 13 new taxon records, three deleted species records, three name changes due to synonymy, and several changes in distributional records. Ten endemic taxa are reported, for which conservation status is provisionally assessed for eight, according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature guidelines. Four taxa were found to be widely disjunct from white sand areas of northern South America. Resumen Paepalanthus piscatorum sp. nov. (P. subsect. Polyactis) se describe con dos variedades, endémicas de la parte de los Andes orientales en el Perú y Ecuador. Paepalanthus dichotomus var. glabrescens Moldenke se eleva a nivel de especie como P. glabrescens, comb. et stat. nov. (P. subsect. Dichocladus), endémico a la zona de Chachapoyas. Se discuten las afinidades y la morfología floral de ambas especies en detalle. Se documenta la variabilidad en Syngonanthus peruvianus, con una descripción de la especie actualizada. Paepalanthus stuebelianus está colocado en la sinonimia de P. intermedius. Además se presenta una lista revisada de las eriocauláceas del Perú, actualizando el Catálogo de las Angiospermas y Gimnospermas del Perú (1993), incluyendo la información del hábitat y distribución global, observaciones generales sobre los patrones fitogeográficas en la familia, y una clave dicotómica para especies peruanas. Imágenes de especímenes representativos se proporcionan en un recurso suplementario disponible en línea (http://fieldmuseum.org/fieldiana-hensold). El nuevo total de 31 especies refleja 13 nuevos registros de taxones, tres registros de especies eliminadas, tres cambios de nombre debido a la sinonimia, y varios cambios en registros de distribución. Se reportan diez taxones endémicos, y el estado de conservación se evalúa provisionalmente para ocho, de acuerdo con las directrices de la UICN. Se encontraron cuatro taxones que están ampliamente disjuntos de las zonas de arena blanca de la parte norte de Sudam","PeriodicalId":309654,"journal":{"name":"Fieldiana Life and Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115218180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assembling a Taxonomic Monograph of Tribe Wirthiotremateae (Lichenized Ascomycota: Ostropales: Graphidaceae)","authors":"Ian D. Medeiros, Ekaphan Kraichak, R. Lücking, A. Mangold, H. Lumbsch","doi":"10.3158/2158-5520-16.9.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3158/2158-5520-16.9.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Phylogenetic studies of the lichenized fungal family Graphidaceae necessitate various nomenclatural changes. Tribe Wirthiotremateae is more narrowly circumscribed on the basis of new molecular data and phenotypical differences towards allied clades. The new genus Austrotrema is described to accommodate the three species of the Thelotrema bicinctulum group, Asteristion is resurrected for the seven species of the Chapsa platycarpa group, and Nadvornikia is expanded to include two non-mazaediate species in addition to its two mazaediate species. Asteristion australianum is newly described for Australian material previously identified as T. albo-olivaceum. Eleven new combinations are made: Asteristion alboannuliforme (Bas.: Thelotrema alboannuliforme), As. albo-olivaceum (Bas.: T. albo-olivaceum), As. cupulare (Bas.: T. cupulare), As. leucophthalmum (Bas.: T. leucophthalmum), As. platycarpoides (Bas.: T. platycarpoides), As. platycarpum (Bas.: T. platycarpum), Austrotrema bicinctulum (Bas.: T. bicinctulum), Au. myriocarpum (Bas.: T. myriocarpum), Au. terebrans (Bas.: T. terebrans), Nadvornikia expallescens (Bas.: Leucodecton expallescens), and N. peninsulae (Bas.: Myriotrema peninsulae). Descriptions and discussions of Wirthiotremateae species are provided, along with keys to the species of the tribe. Phylogenetic analyses were based on six markers: the mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU) and nuclear large subunit (nuLSU) rDNA, RNA polymerase II largest (RPB1) and second largest (RPB2) subunit, elongation factor 1 alpha (EF1-α), and internal transcribed spacer (ITS).","PeriodicalId":309654,"journal":{"name":"Fieldiana Life and Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116568922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}