Pub Date : 2022-01-31DOI: 10.32789/publichealth.2021.1011
S. Thuvaragan, H.M.P.M. Jeyasinghe, A. Murugananthan
Helminth infections are major health problems, especially in developing countries with warm and humid environments. Limited synthetic drugs are available for treating helminth infections, and some of them showed resistance to helminths. Phytoconstituents can be used to develop cheap and effective anthelminthic drugs. Borassus flabellifer has been used in traditional medicine, in addition to consuming as food. This study was designed to evaluate the comparative in vitro anthelmintic activities of aqueous and methanol extracts of root, fruit pulp, and sap of Borassus flabellifer using two different concentrations (50 and 100 mg/mL). Adult earthworms, Eisenia fetida was used to evaluate the in-vitro anthelmintic activity. In-vitro anthelmintic activity was evaluated by determining times of paralysis and the death of worms. The anthelminthic activity of extracts was compared with mebendazole, and earthworm saline was used as a control. ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test was used to compare the activities of extracts with mebendazole. All extracts showed concentrations dependent activity. All extracts except aqueous extract of roots of Borassus flabellifer showed statistically significant in-vitro anthelminthic activity. Further studies are needed to isolate and evaluate the active components from the extracts of Borassus flabellifer.
{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of in - vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Sap, Fruit bulb, and\u0000 Root of Borassus flabellifer","authors":"S. Thuvaragan, H.M.P.M. Jeyasinghe, A. Murugananthan","doi":"10.32789/publichealth.2021.1011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32789/publichealth.2021.1011","url":null,"abstract":"Helminth infections are major health problems, especially in developing countries\u0000 with warm and humid environments. Limited synthetic drugs are available for treating\u0000 helminth infections, and some of them showed resistance to helminths. Phytoconstituents\u0000 can be used to develop cheap and effective anthelminthic drugs. Borassus flabellifer has\u0000 been used in traditional medicine, in addition to consuming as food. This study was\u0000 designed to evaluate the comparative in vitro anthelmintic activities of aqueous and\u0000 methanol extracts of root, fruit pulp, and sap of Borassus flabellifer using two\u0000 different concentrations (50 and 100 mg/mL). Adult earthworms, Eisenia fetida was used\u0000 to evaluate the in-vitro anthelmintic activity. In-vitro anthelmintic activity was\u0000 evaluated by determining times of paralysis and the death of worms. The anthelminthic\u0000 activity of extracts was compared with mebendazole, and earthworm saline was used as a\u0000 control. ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test was used to compare the\u0000 activities of extracts with mebendazole. All extracts showed concentrations dependent\u0000 activity. All extracts except aqueous extract of roots of Borassus flabellifer showed\u0000 statistically significant in-vitro anthelminthic activity. Further studies are needed to\u0000 isolate and evaluate the active components from the extracts of Borassus\u0000 flabellifer.","PeriodicalId":310515,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Public Health and Well-being","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128527044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-31DOI: 10.32789/publichealth.2021.1009
S. A. Amer, Sami I. Almudarra
Hajj pilgrimage is the biggest and longest mass gathering, thus increasing the risk of communicable and non-communicable diseases, so this study aimed to promote rational drug use and optimum provision of drugs among Hajj 1439 Pilgrims through the following objectives: To determine the prevalence and the context of the drug's use and to assess the drug use patterns among pilgrims. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out on randomly selected 785 Hajj Pilgrims, stratified according to their countries before their retrial in King Abdul Aziz Airport in Jeddah: The studied pilgrims were 52.4 % male,43.9% had chronic diseases, only 70.4% of studied pilgrims received medications, most of them were antibiotics 248 (33.8%), administrated orally 470 (90.6%), for managing chronic diseases 341 (61.66%), only 50% had written prescription. Patient care indicators; more than 80% of pilgrims knowing the drug/s correct dose, and 69.4 knowing the expired date. Facility indicators; 77% of studied pilgrims reported accessibility of medications, and only 12.4% of the bought drugs had been checked, and 20.3% complained of drug side effects mainly due to drugs unavailability. Conclusions; the drug use pattern is a prevalent and problematic issue among pilgrims due to many factors.
{"title":"Assessment of Drug Use Pattern among Hajj Pilgrims Saudi Arabia, 1439h\u0000 (2018)","authors":"S. A. Amer, Sami I. Almudarra","doi":"10.32789/publichealth.2021.1009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32789/publichealth.2021.1009","url":null,"abstract":"Hajj pilgrimage is the biggest and longest mass gathering, thus increasing the\u0000 risk of communicable and non-communicable diseases, so this study aimed to promote\u0000 rational drug use and optimum provision of drugs among Hajj 1439 Pilgrims through the\u0000 following objectives: To determine the prevalence and the context of the drug's use and\u0000 to assess the drug use patterns among pilgrims. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was\u0000 carried out on randomly selected 785 Hajj Pilgrims, stratified according to their\u0000 countries before their retrial in King Abdul Aziz Airport in Jeddah: The studied\u0000 pilgrims were 52.4 % male,43.9% had chronic diseases, only 70.4% of studied pilgrims\u0000 received medications, most of them were antibiotics 248 (33.8%), administrated orally\u0000 470 (90.6%), for managing chronic diseases 341 (61.66%), only 50% had written\u0000 prescription. Patient care indicators; more than 80% of pilgrims knowing the drug/s\u0000 correct dose, and 69.4 knowing the expired date. Facility indicators; 77% of studied\u0000 pilgrims reported accessibility of medications, and only 12.4% of the bought drugs had\u0000 been checked, and 20.3% complained of drug side effects mainly due to drugs\u0000 unavailability. Conclusions; the drug use pattern is a prevalent and problematic issue\u0000 among pilgrims due to many factors.","PeriodicalId":310515,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Public Health and Well-being","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126473772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-31DOI: 10.32789/publichealth.2021.1012
Thivya Janarthanan, S. Thuvaragan, R. Surenthirakumaran
Improper pharmaceutical waste management is one of the reasons for environmental hazards and affects all living organisms in the world. Pharmacy working personnel’s knowledge on pharmaceutical waste management plays important role in the provision of proper wastage management to secure the ecosystem in the country. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge of pharmaceutical wastage management and the influence of socio-demographic and work-related factors among personals working at private pharmacies in Jaffna Municipality Area, Sri Lanka. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in private pharmacies. Pre-tested and validated self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The knowledge level of participants was categorized as good, adequate and poor. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Chi-square test was performed to analyze the variable and 95% confidence interval was set for the test and results were significant if p-value <0.05. Respondent rate of pharmacy personnel was 78.71% (n = 122) and most of them were female 59% (n = 72). The majority of the participants (67.2%, n = 82) were pharmacy assistants. In this study, most participants (76.2%, n = 93) had poor knowledge of pharmaceutical waste management. 10.7% (n = 13) had good knowledge and 13.1% (n = 16) had adequate knowledge. Age, marital status, educational level, position in the pharmacy and work experience (p< 0.001) had a statistically significant influence on the level of knowledge. Continuous education programs should be initiated and periodically conducted among pharmacy personnel to improve knowledge of pharmaceutical waste management. Existing guidelines should be strengthened and monitored for implementation by regulatory authorities.
{"title":"Knowledge on Pharmaceutical Wastage Management and Factors Influence on It among\u0000 Pharmacy Personnel at Private Pharmacies in Jaffna Municipality Area, Sri Lanka","authors":"Thivya Janarthanan, S. Thuvaragan, R. Surenthirakumaran","doi":"10.32789/publichealth.2021.1012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32789/publichealth.2021.1012","url":null,"abstract":"Improper pharmaceutical waste management is one of the reasons for environmental\u0000 hazards and affects all living organisms in the world. Pharmacy working personnel’s\u0000 knowledge on pharmaceutical waste management plays important role in the provision of\u0000 proper wastage management to secure the ecosystem in the country. The aim of the study\u0000 was to assess the knowledge of pharmaceutical wastage management and the influence of\u0000 socio-demographic and work-related factors among personals working at private pharmacies\u0000 in Jaffna Municipality Area, Sri Lanka. A descriptive cross-sectional study was\u0000 conducted in private pharmacies. Pre-tested and validated self-administered\u0000 questionnaire was used to collect data. The knowledge level of participants was\u0000 categorized as good, adequate and poor. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.\u0000 Chi-square test was performed to analyze the variable and 95% confidence interval was\u0000 set for the test and results were significant if p-value <0.05. Respondent rate of\u0000 pharmacy personnel was 78.71% (n = 122) and most of them were female 59% (n = 72). The\u0000 majority of the participants (67.2%, n = 82) were pharmacy assistants. In this study,\u0000 most participants (76.2%, n = 93) had poor knowledge of pharmaceutical waste management.\u0000 10.7% (n = 13) had good knowledge and 13.1% (n = 16) had adequate knowledge. Age,\u0000 marital status, educational level, position in the pharmacy and work experience (p<\u0000 0.001) had a statistically significant influence on the level of knowledge. Continuous\u0000 education programs should be initiated and periodically conducted among pharmacy\u0000 personnel to improve knowledge of pharmaceutical waste management. Existing guidelines\u0000 should be strengthened and monitored for implementation by regulatory\u0000 authorities.","PeriodicalId":310515,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Public Health and Well-being","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124628900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-31DOI: 10.32789/publichealth.2021.1008
Mrinmoy Roy, Dr. Mohit Jamwal
India has the highest proportion of diabetes patients, and it is estimated that there will be 134 Million diabetics in India by 2045 as per IDF. Also, the disease burden is increasing to the young population between ages 25-40 as more of them are diagnosed positive according to JAMA recently. Moreover, there are only 4.8 Doctors per 10,000 population, and in villages, the ratio is the lowest possible in this country, according to the Indian Journal of Public Health. Therefore, screening & predicting Diabetes at an early stage remains a priority for clinicians. It reduces the risk of major complications and improves patients' quality of life with diabetes, and builds resilience and well-being amongst other citizens. With the advancement of Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence, it is now possible to predict diabetes and other such diseases through applying deep learning algorithms in high-quality data sets. This helps in a more accurate and faster diagnosis of Pre-diabetes, Diabetes & diabetes-related progressive eye diseases. In this study, a systematic review of the Pubmed repository for current practices to diagnose Diabetes based on AI intervention in the Indian context is carried out. Also, a critical analysis was done on various pioneered companies currently offering AI-based Diabetes diagnostic services in India. The study represents different concepts of AI tools used to predict the diseases currently available in India. Although most of the studies were carried out on Diabetic Retinopathy screening, future opportunities can be in several other areas such as Clinical Decision Support, Predictive Population Risk Stratification and Patient Self-Management Tools.
印度的糖尿病患者比例最高，据IDF估计，到2045年，印度将有1.34亿糖尿病患者。另外，据《美国医学会杂志》(JAMA)报道，25岁至40岁的年轻人群中，被诊断为阳性的人越来越多，疾病负担也在增加。此外，根据《印度公共卫生杂志》(Indian Journal of Public Health)的数据，每1万人中只有4.8名医生，而在农村，这一比例可能是全国最低的。因此，在早期阶段筛查和预测糖尿病仍然是临床医生的优先事项。它降低了主要并发症的风险，改善了糖尿病患者的生活质量，并在其他公民中建立了适应能力和幸福感。随着计算机科学和人工智能的进步，现在可以通过在高质量数据集中应用深度学习算法来预测糖尿病和其他此类疾病。这有助于更准确和更快地诊断前驱糖尿病，糖尿病和糖尿病相关的进行性眼病。在本研究中，系统地回顾了Pubmed资料库中基于人工智能干预在印度诊断糖尿病的当前实践。此外，对目前在印度提供基于人工智能的糖尿病诊断服务的各种领先公司进行了批判性分析。该研究代表了用于预测印度目前可用疾病的人工智能工具的不同概念。虽然大多数研究都是关于糖尿病视网膜病变筛查的，但未来的机会可以在其他几个领域，如临床决策支持，预测人群风险分层和患者自我管理工具。
{"title":"The Advent of Artificial Intelligence in Diabetes Diagnosis: Current Practices and\u0000 Building Blocks for Future Prospects","authors":"Mrinmoy Roy, Dr. Mohit Jamwal","doi":"10.32789/publichealth.2021.1008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32789/publichealth.2021.1008","url":null,"abstract":"India has the highest proportion of diabetes patients, and it is estimated that\u0000 there will be 134 Million diabetics in India by 2045 as per IDF. Also, the disease\u0000 burden is increasing to the young population between ages 25-40 as more of them are\u0000 diagnosed positive according to JAMA recently. Moreover, there are only 4.8 Doctors per\u0000 10,000 population, and in villages, the ratio is the lowest possible in this country,\u0000 according to the Indian Journal of Public Health. Therefore, screening & predicting\u0000 Diabetes at an early stage remains a priority for clinicians. It reduces the risk of\u0000 major complications and improves patients' quality of life with diabetes, and builds\u0000 resilience and well-being amongst other citizens. With the advancement of Computer\u0000 Science & Artificial Intelligence, it is now possible to predict diabetes and other\u0000 such diseases through applying deep learning algorithms in high-quality data sets. This\u0000 helps in a more accurate and faster diagnosis of Pre-diabetes, Diabetes &\u0000 diabetes-related progressive eye diseases. In this study, a systematic review of the\u0000 Pubmed repository for current practices to diagnose Diabetes based on AI intervention in\u0000 the Indian context is carried out. Also, a critical analysis was done on various\u0000 pioneered companies currently offering AI-based Diabetes diagnostic services in India.\u0000 The study represents different concepts of AI tools used to predict the diseases\u0000 currently available in India. Although most of the studies were carried out on Diabetic\u0000 Retinopathy screening, future opportunities can be in several other areas such as\u0000 Clinical Decision Support, Predictive Population Risk Stratification and Patient\u0000 Self-Management Tools.","PeriodicalId":310515,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Public Health and Well-being","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115363027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-31DOI: 10.32789/publichealth.2021.1010
S. Sathyapriya, Loh Chow Chin, Wan-Hazabbah Wan Hitam
Mycobacterium tuberculosis has a large spectrum of extra-pulmonary manifestations, and ocular tuberculosis is one of them. Diagnosis of ocular tuberculosis is often presumptive due to its extreme variability of ocular manifestations and difficulty isolating the organism through biopsy or culture. We report three cases of primary ocular tuberculosis with varied clinical presentations, namely neuroretintis, panuveitis, and occlusive vasculitis. Patients were aged 23 to 45 presented with symptoms of blurring of vision from 3 days to one week prior to presentation. Visual acuity ranged from 6/18 to 2/60. For all three cases, chest X-ray and serological investigation for infective causes were normal. Mantoux test and TB Quantiferon test were negative, and ESR was raised for the first two cases. Mantoux was positive, and ESR was not raised for the third case. Patients were diagnosed to have Presumed Ocular Tuberculosis. An anti-tubercular therapy was administered. There was significant improvement at post-initiation of medication. A high index of clinical suspicion is crucial due to the diverse clinical presentations of ocular tuberculosis. Early initiation of anti-tubercular therapy is vital for successful treatment.
{"title":"Presumed Ocular Tuberculosis – Challenges in Diagnosis","authors":"S. Sathyapriya, Loh Chow Chin, Wan-Hazabbah Wan Hitam","doi":"10.32789/publichealth.2021.1010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32789/publichealth.2021.1010","url":null,"abstract":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis has a large spectrum of extra-pulmonary manifestations,\u0000 and ocular tuberculosis is one of them. Diagnosis of ocular tuberculosis is often\u0000 presumptive due to its extreme variability of ocular manifestations and difficulty\u0000 isolating the organism through biopsy or culture. We report three cases of primary\u0000 ocular tuberculosis with varied clinical presentations, namely neuroretintis,\u0000 panuveitis, and occlusive vasculitis. Patients were aged 23 to 45 presented with\u0000 symptoms of blurring of vision from 3 days to one week prior to presentation. Visual\u0000 acuity ranged from 6/18 to 2/60. For all three cases, chest X-ray and serological\u0000 investigation for infective causes were normal. Mantoux test and TB Quantiferon test\u0000 were negative, and ESR was raised for the first two cases. Mantoux was positive, and ESR\u0000 was not raised for the third case. Patients were diagnosed to have Presumed Ocular\u0000 Tuberculosis. An anti-tubercular therapy was administered. There was significant\u0000 improvement at post-initiation of medication. A high index of clinical suspicion is\u0000 crucial due to the diverse clinical presentations of ocular tuberculosis. Early\u0000 initiation of anti-tubercular therapy is vital for successful treatment.","PeriodicalId":310515,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Public Health and Well-being","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122085873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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