Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.22137/ijst.2022.v6n2.01
Jesse Jay O. Villanueva
The study was carried out to compare the digestibility of nutrients, energy and dietary fiber in conventional feed ingredients fed to Philippine black Tiaong native pigs and hybrid pigs. A total of 18 Philippine black Tiaong native and 18 hybrid pigs (PIC L337 × C24) were randomly allotted to 1 of 3 experimental treatments arranged in a 3 × 6 (black Tiaong native pigs) and 2 × 9 (hybrid pigs) Latin square design. A corn basal diet consisting of 95% corn (as-fed basis) and vitamins and minerals was formulated. The next two diets were formulated by mixing 70% of the basal diet with 30% (as-fed basis) soybean meal and rice bran. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, NDF, ADF and ash and the DE and ME concentration of each ingredient was calculated using the difference procedure. Results showed that ATTD of GE and ME of the diet were greater (P<0.001) for native pigs compared with hybrid pigs. Likewise, the DE and ME of corn, soybean meal and rice bran measured in Philippine black Tiaong native pigs were greater (P<0.001) compared with those measured in hybrid pigs. Philippine black Tiaong native pigs also had greater (P<0.03) ATTD of CP, crude fiber, NDF, ADF, and ash and tended (P=0.08) to have greater ATTD of fat compared with hybrid pigs. The results of this study suggest that Philippine black Tiaong native pigs are more efficient in digesting nutrients as well as their ability to ferment dietary fiber.
{"title":"Comparative Digestibility of Nutrients, Energy and Dietary Fiber in Feed Ingredients Fed to Philippine Black Tiaong Native (Sus scrofa domesticus) and Hybrid Pigs","authors":"Jesse Jay O. Villanueva","doi":"10.22137/ijst.2022.v6n2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22137/ijst.2022.v6n2.01","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out to compare the digestibility of nutrients, energy and dietary fiber in conventional feed ingredients fed to Philippine black Tiaong native pigs and hybrid pigs. A total of 18 Philippine black Tiaong native and 18 hybrid pigs (PIC L337 × C24) were randomly allotted to 1 of 3 experimental treatments arranged in a 3 × 6 (black Tiaong native pigs) and 2 × 9 (hybrid pigs) Latin square design. A corn basal diet consisting of 95% corn (as-fed basis) and vitamins and minerals was formulated. The next two diets were formulated by mixing 70% of the basal diet with 30% (as-fed basis) soybean meal and rice bran. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, NDF, ADF and ash and the DE and ME concentration of each ingredient was calculated using the difference procedure. Results showed that ATTD of GE and ME of the diet were greater (P<0.001) for native pigs compared with hybrid pigs. Likewise, the DE and ME of corn, soybean meal and rice bran measured in Philippine black Tiaong native pigs were greater (P<0.001) compared with those measured in hybrid pigs. Philippine black Tiaong native pigs also had greater (P<0.03) ATTD of CP, crude fiber, NDF, ADF, and ash and tended (P=0.08) to have greater ATTD of fat compared with hybrid pigs. The results of this study suggest that Philippine black Tiaong native pigs are more efficient in digesting nutrients as well as their ability to ferment dietary fiber.","PeriodicalId":314937,"journal":{"name":"CLSU International Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"242 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122817474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.22137/ijst.2022.v6n2.04
Reina Joy Rome, Catherine Samson, Nemecio Macabale, Jr.
Studies have been conducted on developing software programs and applications using C language to simulate drying methods particularly in paddy rice. However, these studies focused on the design and simulation of different drying parameters using specific drying methods. Therefore, this project developed a software program calculator as a simple tool on calculating the drying capacity using sun drying and flatbed drying methods. The study used four target moisture content to calculate the drying capacity based on different input parameters on each drying method. Results revealed that the higher the desired moisture content of paddy, the higher the drying capacity obtained in both sun drying and flatbed drying methods. In terms of drying time, result showed that the longer the drying time, the lower the drying capacity of paddy in both drying methods. Furthermore, it was concluded that the program calculator was able to calculate the final weight, drying weight loss, drying time and drying capacity of paddy in both sun drying and flatbed drying methods.
{"title":"Drying Capacity Calculator Program for Paddy Using Sun Drying and Flatbed Drying Methods","authors":"Reina Joy Rome, Catherine Samson, Nemecio Macabale, Jr.","doi":"10.22137/ijst.2022.v6n2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22137/ijst.2022.v6n2.04","url":null,"abstract":"Studies have been conducted on developing software programs and applications using C language to simulate drying methods particularly in paddy rice. However, these studies focused on the design and simulation of different drying parameters using specific drying methods. Therefore, this project developed a software program calculator as a simple tool on calculating the drying capacity using sun drying and flatbed drying methods. \u0000\u0000The study used four target moisture content to calculate the drying capacity based on different input parameters on each drying method. Results revealed that the higher the desired moisture content of paddy, the higher the drying capacity obtained in both sun drying and flatbed drying methods. In terms of drying time, result showed that the longer the drying time, the lower the drying capacity of paddy in both drying methods. Furthermore, it was concluded that the program calculator was able to calculate the final weight, drying weight loss, drying time and drying capacity of paddy in both sun drying and flatbed drying methods.","PeriodicalId":314937,"journal":{"name":"CLSU International Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"25 17","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120848516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.22137/ijst.2022.v6n2.03
Princess Eslabra, P. Florendo, Monina Andialan, Federico Pineda, Nomer P. Garcia, Apolinario, Jr. Salazar
The effect of molasses and probiotic on physical quality, chemical and microbial composition of 40 days ensilage of napier variety, Pakchong 1 was evaluated using wilted napier grass with 10% molasses as silage additive and combination of 5%, 10%, and 15% molasses with 1% probiotic/kg DM. Physical quality of silages showed similarities in color, smell texture, and acidity while viable concentrations of lactic acid bacteria did not vary significantly (p>0.05) among treatments. The concentrations of lactic acid and acetic acid were significantly higher (p<0.05) in silage using molasses alone as additive compared to different levels of additive molasses with probiotics. On the other hand, proximate chemical composition of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash did not differ significantly (P>0.05) among treatments. Species of Lactobacillus and Streptococcus were isolated from Pakchong 1 and from the probiotic used in this study. In conclusion, physical, chemical and microbial composition of Napier silages can be influenced by the type of additives used. In particular, molasses was observe to be a potential source of soluble carbohydrates needed by natural lactic acid bacteria in napier. Likewise, probiotic produces high concentrations of lactic acids with subsequent preservation of the silage at a given duration of ensiling.
{"title":"The Effect of Molasses and Probiotic as Additive on the Physical Quality, Chemical and Microbial Composition of Napier Silages","authors":"Princess Eslabra, P. Florendo, Monina Andialan, Federico Pineda, Nomer P. Garcia, Apolinario, Jr. Salazar","doi":"10.22137/ijst.2022.v6n2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22137/ijst.2022.v6n2.03","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of molasses and probiotic on physical quality, chemical and microbial composition of 40 days ensilage of napier variety, Pakchong 1 was evaluated using wilted napier grass with 10% molasses as silage additive and combination of 5%, 10%, and 15% molasses with 1% probiotic/kg DM. Physical quality of silages showed similarities in color, smell texture, and acidity while viable concentrations of lactic acid bacteria did not vary significantly (p>0.05) among treatments. The concentrations of lactic acid and acetic acid were significantly higher (p<0.05) in silage using molasses alone as additive compared to different levels of additive molasses with probiotics. On the other hand, proximate chemical composition of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash did not differ significantly (P>0.05) among treatments. Species of Lactobacillus and Streptococcus were isolated from Pakchong 1 and from the probiotic used in this study. In conclusion, physical, chemical and microbial composition of Napier silages can be influenced by the type of additives used. In particular, molasses was observe to be a potential source of soluble carbohydrates needed by natural lactic acid bacteria in napier. Likewise, probiotic produces high concentrations of lactic acids with subsequent preservation of the silage at a given duration of ensiling.","PeriodicalId":314937,"journal":{"name":"CLSU International Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126888518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-28DOI: 10.22137/ijst.2022.v6n1.04
P. Florendo
This study was conducted to morphologically characterize rumen protozoa isolated in the batch type hydrolysis of sweet sorghum using 1% fresh carabao rumen fluid with duration of Day 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days of the novel process hydrolysis. Hydrolysis was conducted using 5% chopped sweet sorghum bagasse. Nitrogen content was augmented using 0.35 g urea per 750 ml effective volume with low speed agitation of fermentation bottle at least 20 minutes twice daily and incubated at room temperature. Characterization was limited to microscopic evaluation of the morphological features of protozoa that was stained with methylene blue formalin saline solution. Initial population of 2.61 x 10 4 cfu/ml at DO had significantly lowest at 0.62 x 104 cfu/ml during the 15 days hydrolysis. Evaluation of morphology for the types of protozoa at different durations showed the predominance of species types with different orientations of caudal spines, shapes of the macromolecules and size of the body, adoral ciliary zones closely related to the features of species types from genus Entodinium of the family Ophryoscolecidae. Evaluation of the hydrolysis condition showed that duration had significant effect on the pH (P>0.05). Sweet sorghum hydrolysis pH 7 at D0 had significantly declined to pH 5 at 15 days duration. The population of the protozoa in the rumen fluid hydrolysis was significantly affected by duration of the hydrolysis (P>0.05). Entodinium were isolated at all durations of the acidic hydrolysis of sweet sorghum bagasse using carabao rumen fluid. In conclusion, the diversity in composition of rumen protozoa is a justification of the novel carabao rumen fluid hydrolysis potential as pre-treatment in the conversion of lignocelluloses in sweet sorghum bagasse into soluble carbohydrates for bioethanol production. The information is vital for animal feed utilization and bioethanol production optimization.
{"title":"Morphological Characterization of Rumen Protozoa Isolated from Sweet Sorghum Hydrolysis Using Carabao (Bubalus bubalis Linn) Rumen Fluid","authors":"P. Florendo","doi":"10.22137/ijst.2022.v6n1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22137/ijst.2022.v6n1.04","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to morphologically characterize rumen protozoa isolated in the batch type hydrolysis of sweet sorghum using 1% fresh carabao rumen fluid with duration of Day 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days of the novel process hydrolysis. Hydrolysis was conducted using 5% chopped sweet sorghum bagasse. Nitrogen content was augmented using 0.35 g urea per 750 ml effective volume with low speed agitation of fermentation bottle at least 20 minutes twice daily and incubated at room temperature. Characterization was limited to microscopic evaluation of the morphological features of protozoa that was stained with methylene blue formalin saline solution. Initial population of 2.61 x 10 4 cfu/ml at DO had significantly lowest at 0.62 x 104 cfu/ml during the 15 days hydrolysis. Evaluation of morphology for the types of protozoa at different durations showed the predominance of species types with different orientations of caudal spines, shapes of the macromolecules and size of the body, adoral ciliary zones closely related to the features of species types from genus Entodinium of the family Ophryoscolecidae. Evaluation of the hydrolysis condition showed that duration had significant effect on the pH (P>0.05). Sweet sorghum hydrolysis pH 7 at D0 had significantly declined to pH 5 at 15 days duration. The population of the protozoa in the rumen fluid hydrolysis was significantly affected by duration of the hydrolysis (P>0.05). Entodinium were isolated at all durations of the acidic hydrolysis of sweet sorghum bagasse using carabao rumen fluid. In conclusion, the diversity in composition of rumen protozoa is a justification of the novel carabao rumen fluid hydrolysis potential as pre-treatment in the conversion of lignocelluloses in sweet sorghum bagasse into soluble carbohydrates for bioethanol production. The information is vital for animal feed utilization and bioethanol production optimization.","PeriodicalId":314937,"journal":{"name":"CLSU International Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122541734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-28DOI: 10.22137/ijst.2022.v6n1.02
Sean R. Vidad, D. Hufana-Duran
New breeds of Philippine Mallard Ducks (PMD) were developed to ensure the availability of outstanding stocks for egg production. Maximizing the potentials of these new breeds can be achieved with sound nutrition. Energy is considered the most important and occupy big fraction in the diet of duck as it influences feed intake and proportion of other nutrients in the diet. Optimaldietary energy levels for the new breeds of PMD is yet to be established.. Determining the energy values of common and locally abundant basal feeds such as corn and rice bran for PMDwill serve as a basis in the inclusion of these feeds to duck’s diet. Ducks are considered more efficient in maximizing the energy values of corn (CO) and rice bran (RB) despite of the large proportion of non-starch polysaccharides of RB compared to chickens. Dietary energy levels have not been established for PMD unlike in Pekin ducks (PD) and some indigenous or country ducks. Fast growing PD tend to require a denser energy ranging from 3008 to 3284 kcal/kg compared to 2700 to 2950 kcal/kg for indigenous breeds and khaki Campbell (KC) for optimal performance. It has been found out that the PMD is closely more related to KC than PD. Hence, the possibility of requiring a lower dietary energy than PD. The determination of energy values of CO and RB for PMD and establishment of optimal dietary energy level will facilitate the formulation of PMD specific diet. Thus, this condensed information will serve as concrete viewpoints in understanding bioenergetic dynamics of PMD.
{"title":"Energy Values of Corn and Rice Bran and Energy Levels for Ducks – Basis in Establishing Energy Requirement for Improved Philippine Mallard Duck","authors":"Sean R. Vidad, D. Hufana-Duran","doi":"10.22137/ijst.2022.v6n1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22137/ijst.2022.v6n1.02","url":null,"abstract":"New breeds of Philippine Mallard Ducks (PMD) were developed to ensure the availability of outstanding stocks for egg production. Maximizing the potentials of these new breeds can be achieved with sound nutrition. Energy is considered the most important and occupy big fraction in the diet of duck as it influences feed intake and proportion of other nutrients in the diet. Optimaldietary energy levels for the new breeds of PMD is yet to be established.. Determining the energy values of common and locally abundant basal feeds such as corn and rice bran for PMDwill serve as a basis in the inclusion of these feeds to duck’s diet. Ducks are considered more efficient in maximizing the energy values of corn (CO) and rice bran (RB) despite of the large proportion of non-starch polysaccharides of RB compared to chickens. Dietary energy levels have not been established for PMD unlike in Pekin ducks (PD) and some indigenous or country ducks. Fast growing PD tend to require a denser energy ranging from 3008 to 3284 kcal/kg compared to 2700 to 2950 kcal/kg for indigenous breeds and khaki Campbell (KC) for optimal performance. It has been found out that the PMD is closely more related to KC than PD. Hence, the possibility of requiring a lower dietary energy than PD. The determination of energy values of CO and RB for PMD and establishment of optimal dietary energy level will facilitate the formulation of PMD specific diet. Thus, this condensed information will serve as concrete viewpoints in understanding bioenergetic dynamics of PMD.","PeriodicalId":314937,"journal":{"name":"CLSU International Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"381 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115608659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-28DOI: 10.22137/ijst.2021.v6n1.05
Rakim Casnor, R. Gavino
This study aims to design and fabricate a small scale defeathering machine using food grade materials. The overall dimension of defeathering machine is 1250 mm x 1160 mm x 650 mm and has a weight of 95 kg. The machine was designed to a capacity of 800 heads per hour. The fabricated chicken defeathering machine has defeathering efficiency of 99.01% and defeathering efficacy of 95.85% at angular speed of 348 rpm. The prototype was tested using 28 days old broiler chicken. It is recommended for further evaluation using other types of poultry animals.
{"title":"Development of Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) Defeathering Machine","authors":"Rakim Casnor, R. Gavino","doi":"10.22137/ijst.2021.v6n1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22137/ijst.2021.v6n1.05","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to design and fabricate a small scale defeathering machine using food grade materials. The overall dimension of defeathering machine is 1250 mm x 1160 mm x 650 mm and has a weight of 95 kg. The machine was designed to a capacity of 800 heads per hour. The fabricated chicken defeathering machine has defeathering efficiency of 99.01% and defeathering efficacy of 95.85% at angular speed of 348 rpm. The prototype was tested using 28 days old broiler chicken. It is recommended for further evaluation using other types of poultry animals.","PeriodicalId":314937,"journal":{"name":"CLSU International Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122265257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-28DOI: 10.22137/ijst.2022.v6n1.03
P. Florendo
This study was conducted with the objective to elucidate physical, chemical and microbial changes in carabao rumen fluid hydrolysis of bagasse of sweet sorghum and sugarcane, corn stover and rice straw. Identification of microbial species, composition of populations and succession behavior at durations of 3, 6, and 9days of the carabao novel process were determined using API20A kit for anaerobes, spectrophotometry and compound microscopy. Efficiency of microbial conversion of carbohydrates into soluble sugars, pH changes in hydrolysates were determined at various durations. Morphology and physiochemical characterizations showed the occurrences of bacterial groups Clostridium, Bacteroidetes, Streptococcus, Actinomyces, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Staphylococcus, rumen fungi species Ruminomyces, Orpinomyces and Neocallimastix and various protozoa of the family Ophryoscolocedae and Isotrichia. Population of microbes was highest in the hydrolysate crop residues sweet sorghum, corn stover, sugarcane and rice straw with corresponding significant difference in average carbohydrates conversion efficiency of 66.49%, 52.43% 52.12%, and 39.28% respectively(p<0.05). Novel process with duration of 6 days had the highest carbohydrates conversion efficiency average of 55.02%. Hydrolysis initial average pH 6.98 had turned acidic at durations of 3 days, 6 days and 9 days while pH variations were significantly different among feedstock, lowest in sugarcane(pH 4.91) sweet sorghum(pH 5.46), corn stover (pH 5.72) and near neutral in rice straw(pH 6.56). Succession behavior of bacteria, fungi and protozoan had influenced microbial population, growth pattern and diversity of species in the novel carabao. In conclusion, the isolation, morphological and physiochemical characterizations of rumen bacteria, fungi and protozoa shows the diversity in the microbial community in the novel carabao, has provided elucidation of the novel carabao microbes efficient conversion of carbohydrates into soluble sugars. Information generated in this study will be of great help in understanding the novel carabao and the improvements when the process proceeds to upscaling as pretreatment of lignocellulosic feedstocks intended for cellulose ethanol production.
{"title":"Microbial Identification and Population Successions in the Novel Carabao Hydrolysis Pretreatment of Agriculture Crops Lignocelluloses Intended for Cellulose Ethanol Production","authors":"P. Florendo","doi":"10.22137/ijst.2022.v6n1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22137/ijst.2022.v6n1.03","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted with the objective to elucidate physical, chemical and microbial changes in carabao rumen fluid hydrolysis of bagasse of sweet sorghum and sugarcane, corn stover and rice straw. Identification of microbial species, composition of populations and succession behavior at durations of 3, 6, and 9days of the carabao novel process were determined using API20A kit for anaerobes, spectrophotometry and compound microscopy. Efficiency of microbial conversion of carbohydrates into soluble sugars, pH changes in hydrolysates were determined at various durations. Morphology and physiochemical characterizations showed the occurrences of bacterial groups Clostridium, Bacteroidetes, Streptococcus, Actinomyces, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Staphylococcus, rumen fungi species Ruminomyces, Orpinomyces and Neocallimastix and various protozoa of the family Ophryoscolocedae and Isotrichia. Population of microbes was highest in the hydrolysate crop residues sweet sorghum, corn stover, sugarcane and rice straw with corresponding significant difference in average carbohydrates conversion efficiency of 66.49%, 52.43% 52.12%, and 39.28% respectively(p<0.05). Novel process with duration of 6 days had the highest carbohydrates conversion efficiency average of 55.02%. Hydrolysis initial average pH 6.98 had turned acidic at durations of 3 days, 6 days and 9 days while pH variations were significantly different among feedstock, lowest in sugarcane(pH 4.91) sweet sorghum(pH 5.46), corn stover (pH 5.72) and near neutral in rice straw(pH 6.56). Succession behavior of bacteria, fungi and protozoan had influenced microbial population, growth pattern and diversity of species in the novel carabao. In conclusion, the isolation, morphological and physiochemical characterizations of rumen bacteria, fungi and protozoa shows the diversity in the microbial community in the novel carabao, has provided elucidation of the novel carabao microbes efficient conversion of carbohydrates into soluble sugars. Information generated in this study will be of great help in understanding the novel carabao and the improvements when the process proceeds to upscaling as pretreatment of lignocellulosic feedstocks intended for cellulose ethanol production.","PeriodicalId":314937,"journal":{"name":"CLSU International Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"62 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130615986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-28DOI: 10.22137/ijst.2022.v6n1.01
Lore Joy Alarcio, Lolit Badua, Reinalyn Viaña, Nemesio Macabale Jr.
This study was carried out to develop a simulation model that can estimate the optimal drying parameters of a fluidized bed dryer such as drying time, moisture reduction rate and provide rough calculation of energy required and fuel consumption to dry a given volume of grains. Results shows that drying set up of 1400C drying temperature, bed height of 0.04m and an airflow rate of 2.3 m/s for paddy can provide lesser drying time and higher drying rate with a value of 164 minutes and 68.07 kg/hr, respectively. While for corn, a set-up of 1700C drying temperature, bed height of 0.1m and the fixed airflow rate of 2.7 m/s can deliver lesser drying time and higher drying rate with a value of 45 minutes and 369.9 kg/hr, respectively. The simulation results also showed that using a higher temperature, higher airflow and lower bed height gives a lesser drying time which also leads to higher drying rate. In terms of drying energy and fuel consumption, the results showed that the higher the drying temperature, the higher the energy and fuel consumption is required.
{"title":"Optimum Drying Parameters of Fluidized Bed Dryer Operation for Rice and Corn","authors":"Lore Joy Alarcio, Lolit Badua, Reinalyn Viaña, Nemesio Macabale Jr.","doi":"10.22137/ijst.2022.v6n1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22137/ijst.2022.v6n1.01","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to develop a simulation model that can estimate the optimal drying parameters of a fluidized bed dryer such as drying time, moisture reduction rate and provide rough calculation of energy required and fuel consumption to dry a given volume of grains. Results shows that drying set up of 1400C drying temperature, bed height of 0.04m and an airflow rate of 2.3 m/s for paddy can provide lesser drying time and higher drying rate with a value of 164 minutes and 68.07 kg/hr, respectively. While for corn, a set-up of 1700C drying temperature, bed height of 0.1m and the fixed airflow rate of 2.7 m/s can deliver lesser drying time and higher drying rate with a value of 45 minutes and 369.9 kg/hr, respectively. The simulation results also showed that using a higher temperature, higher airflow and lower bed height gives a lesser drying time which also leads to higher drying rate. In terms of drying energy and fuel consumption, the results showed that the higher the drying temperature, the higher the energy and fuel consumption is required.","PeriodicalId":314937,"journal":{"name":"CLSU International Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124837158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-31DOI: 10.22137/ijst.2019.v4n1.01
Z. Abba, Siti Fatimah Zaharah Mohamad Fuzi, H. Peralta, Muhammad Muhammad Nimaya
Botryococcus spp. are green microalgae (Chlorophyta) known to contain an abundant amount of hydrocarbons, lipids and other bioactive constituents such as ether based lipids, fatty acids, polysaccharides and carotenoids which are used for commercial applications. In comparison with higher plants, after microalgae fix carbon dioxide (CO2), they have a greater ability to convert it into biomass and subsequently into products of interest. Some significant studies on the optimization of lipid biosynthetic pathways in microalgae for biofuel production are available since Botryococcus spp. have been known to contain a high amount of lipid in their cells. However, carbohydrates pathways, which are also precursors for biofuel production have been overlooked. This brief review aims to provide insights into the need to consider carbohydrates pathway in Botryococcus spp. to maximize biofuel production in microalgae.
{"title":"Significance of carbohydrate pathway in the maximization of biofuel production in Botryococcus sp: A Brief Review","authors":"Z. Abba, Siti Fatimah Zaharah Mohamad Fuzi, H. Peralta, Muhammad Muhammad Nimaya","doi":"10.22137/ijst.2019.v4n1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22137/ijst.2019.v4n1.01","url":null,"abstract":"Botryococcus spp. are green microalgae (Chlorophyta) known to contain an abundant amount of hydrocarbons, lipids and other bioactive constituents such as ether based lipids, fatty acids, polysaccharides and carotenoids which are used for commercial applications. In comparison with higher plants, after microalgae fix carbon dioxide (CO2), they have a greater ability to convert it into biomass and subsequently into products of interest. Some significant studies on the optimization of lipid biosynthetic pathways in microalgae for biofuel production are available since Botryococcus spp. have been known to contain a high amount of lipid in their cells. However, carbohydrates pathways, which are also precursors for biofuel production have been overlooked. This brief review aims to provide insights into the need to consider carbohydrates pathway in Botryococcus spp. to maximize biofuel production in microalgae.","PeriodicalId":314937,"journal":{"name":"CLSU International Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114266086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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