Pub Date : 2019-04-10DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80721
Cai Hui
Large-scale smart charging stations can effectively satisfy and control the charging demands of tremendous plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). But, simultaneously, their penetrations inevitably induce new challenges to the operation of power systems. In this chapter, damping torque analysis (DTA) was employed to examine the effects of the integration of smart charging station on the dynamic stability of the transmission system. A single-machine infinite-bus power system with a smart charging station that denoted the equivalent of several ones was used for analysis. The results obtained from DTA reveal that in view of the damping ratio, the optimal charging capacity is better to be considered in the design of the smart charging station. Under the proposed charging capacity, the power system can achieve the best maintained dynamic stability, and the damping ratio can reach the crest value. Phase compensation method was utilized to design the stabilizer via the active and reactive power regulators of the smart charging station respectively. With the help of the stabilizers, damping of the system oscillation under certain operating conditions can be significantly improved, and the power oscillation in the tie-line can be suppressed more quickly.
{"title":"Power System Small-Signal Stability as Affected by Grid-Connected SmartPark","authors":"Cai Hui","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80721","url":null,"abstract":"Large-scale smart charging stations can effectively satisfy and control the charging demands of tremendous plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). But, simultaneously, their penetrations inevitably induce new challenges to the operation of power systems. In this chapter, damping torque analysis (DTA) was employed to examine the effects of the integration of smart charging station on the dynamic stability of the transmission system. A single-machine infinite-bus power system with a smart charging station that denoted the equivalent of several ones was used for analysis. The results obtained from DTA reveal that in view of the damping ratio, the optimal charging capacity is better to be considered in the design of the smart charging station. Under the proposed charging capacity, the power system can achieve the best maintained dynamic stability, and the damping ratio can reach the crest value. Phase compensation method was utilized to design the stabilizer via the active and reactive power regulators of the smart charging station respectively. With the help of the stabilizers, damping of the system oscillation under certain operating conditions can be significantly improved, and the power oscillation in the tie-line can be suppressed more quickly.","PeriodicalId":315646,"journal":{"name":"Power System Stability","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116972889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-27DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84497
K. Okedu
Among the various available energy systems, electrical energy is the most popular form, because it can be transported easily at high efficiency and reasonable cost from one place to the other. Electrical machine is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy or vice versa. In the earlier case, the machine is known as a generator, while in the latter case, it is called a motor. The action of magnetic field is used in both machines for the conversion of energy from one form to the other. A power system is a network of components that is well designed and structured to efficiently transmit and distribute electrical energy produced by generators to locations where they are utilized. Generators, motors and other utility loads are connected by a power system.
{"title":"Introductory Chapter: Power System Stability","authors":"K. Okedu","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84497","url":null,"abstract":"Among the various available energy systems, electrical energy is the most popular form, because it can be transported easily at high efficiency and reasonable cost from one place to the other. Electrical machine is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy or vice versa. In the earlier case, the machine is known as a generator, while in the latter case, it is called a motor. The action of magnetic field is used in both machines for the conversion of energy from one form to the other. A power system is a network of components that is well designed and structured to efficiently transmit and distribute electrical energy produced by generators to locations where they are utilized. Generators, motors and other utility loads are connected by a power system.","PeriodicalId":315646,"journal":{"name":"Power System Stability","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114195283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-31DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81724
Salman Rezaei
Power oscillation occurs in electrical network due to variety of phenomena. Subsynchronous resonance (SSR) and ferroresonance are the phenomena that cause power oscillation of rotary systems. Ferroresonance is likely to occur due to tra-versing capacitance line of the system across nonlinear area of transformer saturation curve due to several configurations like breaker failure, voltage transformer connected to grading capacitor circuit breaker, line and plant outage, etc. It causes misshaping the waveforms and frequency difference between two points in the network. Frequency difference ( Δ f) results in oscillation of power with a swing frequency which is equal to Δ f. During SSR, electrical energy is exchanged between generators and transmission systems below power frequency. It happens due to interaction of a series compensated transmission line with a generator. It results in oscillation in the shaft and power oscillation. In addition, SSR causes the magnitudes of voltage and current to increase. Increasing the voltage causes saturation of iron core of transformer or reactor and consequently occurrence of ferroresonance in the presence of series capacitance.
{"title":"Power Oscillation Due to Ferroresonance and Subsynchronous Resonance","authors":"Salman Rezaei","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81724","url":null,"abstract":"Power oscillation occurs in electrical network due to variety of phenomena. Subsynchronous resonance (SSR) and ferroresonance are the phenomena that cause power oscillation of rotary systems. Ferroresonance is likely to occur due to tra-versing capacitance line of the system across nonlinear area of transformer saturation curve due to several configurations like breaker failure, voltage transformer connected to grading capacitor circuit breaker, line and plant outage, etc. It causes misshaping the waveforms and frequency difference between two points in the network. Frequency difference ( Δ f) results in oscillation of power with a swing frequency which is equal to Δ f. During SSR, electrical energy is exchanged between generators and transmission systems below power frequency. It happens due to interaction of a series compensated transmission line with a generator. It results in oscillation in the shaft and power oscillation. In addition, SSR causes the magnitudes of voltage and current to increase. Increasing the voltage causes saturation of iron core of transformer or reactor and consequently occurrence of ferroresonance in the presence of series capacitance.","PeriodicalId":315646,"journal":{"name":"Power System Stability","volume":"156 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124371466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-10DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82146
Daniel Burillo
Climate change mitigation and adaptation has been a major driving force to modernize electric power infrastructure and include more renewable energy systems. This chapter explains several ways in which electric power infrastructure has contributed to climate change, how climate change affects electric power infrastructure, mitigation options, and adaptation options. Electricity infrastructure categories include power generation technologies, transmission lines, substations, and building loads. Climate change categories include atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration levels, rising sea levels, changes in precipitation patterns and river flows, as well as more extreme air temperatures. Specific quantitative case studies are provided to estimate vulnerabilities from heat waves in the US desert southwest, including long-term forecasting of infrastructure performance, as well as, various supply-side and demand-side strategic options to maintain reliable operations.
{"title":"Effects of Climate Change in Electric Power Infrastructures","authors":"Daniel Burillo","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82146","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change mitigation and adaptation has been a major driving force to modernize electric power infrastructure and include more renewable energy systems. This chapter explains several ways in which electric power infrastructure has contributed to climate change, how climate change affects electric power infrastructure, mitigation options, and adaptation options. Electricity infrastructure categories include power generation technologies, transmission lines, substations, and building loads. Climate change categories include atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration levels, rising sea levels, changes in precipitation patterns and river flows, as well as more extreme air temperatures. Specific quantitative case studies are provided to estimate vulnerabilities from heat waves in the US desert southwest, including long-term forecasting of infrastructure performance, as well as, various supply-side and demand-side strategic options to maintain reliable operations.","PeriodicalId":315646,"journal":{"name":"Power System Stability","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131209118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-05DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81490
E. Cardenas, Alejandro Martínez, C. R. F. Esquivel
The security assessment of power systems represents one of the principal studies that must be carried out in energy control centers. In this context, small-signal stability analysis is very important to determine the corresponding control strategies to improve security under stressed operating conditions of power systems. This chapter details a practical approach for assessing the stability of power system ’ s equilibrium points in real time based on the concept of trajectory sensitivity theory. This approach provides complementary information to that given by selective modal analysis: it determines how the state variables linked with the critical eigenvalues are affected by the system ’ s parameters and also determines the way of judging how the system ’ s parameters affect the oscillatory behavior of a power system. The WSCC 9-bus and a 190-buses equivalent system of the Mexican power system are used to demonstrate the generality of the approach as well as how its application in energy management systems is suitable for power system operation and control.
{"title":"Application of the Trajectory Sensitivity Theory to Small Signal Stability Analysis","authors":"E. Cardenas, Alejandro Martínez, C. R. F. Esquivel","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81490","url":null,"abstract":"The security assessment of power systems represents one of the principal studies that must be carried out in energy control centers. In this context, small-signal stability analysis is very important to determine the corresponding control strategies to improve security under stressed operating conditions of power systems. This chapter details a practical approach for assessing the stability of power system ’ s equilibrium points in real time based on the concept of trajectory sensitivity theory. This approach provides complementary information to that given by selective modal analysis: it determines how the state variables linked with the critical eigenvalues are affected by the system ’ s parameters and also determines the way of judging how the system ’ s parameters affect the oscillatory behavior of a power system. The WSCC 9-bus and a 190-buses equivalent system of the Mexican power system are used to demonstrate the generality of the approach as well as how its application in energy management systems is suitable for power system operation and control.","PeriodicalId":315646,"journal":{"name":"Power System Stability","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125562444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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