SAR Journal of Anatomy and Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Histological Evaluation of Fracture Healing after Thyroidectomy","authors":"M. S. H. Simawy, H. Nahi, Mustafa Fadhil, S. M. Al-Kafagy","doi":"10.36346/sarjap.2024.v05i01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36346/sarjap.2024.v05i01.001","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to examine the impact of thyroidectomy on the process of fracture healing. A total of sixteen adult male rabbits of the local breed were utilized. The animals were segregated into two equivalent groups, namely the control group and the treatment group. The animals were administered atropine sulfate (1mg /Kg B.W) intramuscularly as a premedication. Ten minutes later, a combination of xylazine hydrochloride (20mg /Kg B.W) and Ketamine hydrochloride (40 mg /Kg B.W) was administered intramuscularly. The control group had the induction of a mid-shaft femoral fracture, followed by fixation with intramedullary pinning. In the treated group, the identical treatment mentioned above, which involved thyroidectomy, was performed. The clinical examination showed that the inflammatory symptoms, such as swelling, discomfort, and increased temperature in the surgical site, were more severe in the control group compared to the treated group. The indications vanished during a span of four to five days in the treatment group and five to six days in the control group. The histological analysis showed that the control group had a greater presence of granulation tissues, trabecular bone, and compact bone compared to the treated group. Ultimately, it was seen that the fracture healing process was more advanced in the control group compared to the treated group.","PeriodicalId":317578,"journal":{"name":"SAR Journal of Anatomy and Physiology","volume":"493 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140502493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Clove in Human Medical History","authors":"M. A. Ullah, Ali Hassan, Ameer Hamza","doi":"10.36346/sarjap.2023.v04i02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36346/sarjap.2023.v04i02.001","url":null,"abstract":"The clove is usually known as \"lavang\". Due to the increase in nutrition and medicinal properties, Plants' importance in human life has increased every day. Clove is the topical evergreen Myrtaceae family tree native to the islands of Maluka in east Indonesia. It is commonly used for tooth care. Clove is used extensively in dental care for relieving toothache, sore gums and oral ulcers. Gargling with clove oil can also aid in sore throat conditions and bad breathe. This is commonly used as an expectorant for the treatment of dental discomfort, the digestive problem, oral ulceration, mosquito repellent. Clove is a pharmacologically active medicinal plant that includes Anti-oxidant, anti-pyretic, anti-viral, anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-platelet, anti-stress, anti-disease, and anti-carcinogenic in cervical cancer. Clove is amongst the most essential sources of Phenolic compounds, including eugenol (80% -90%), eugenyl acetate (15% -17%), and beta-caryophyllene (5% -12%), alpha-humulene (0.55%), alpha-terpenyl acetate (0.1%), and methyl eugenol (0.2%). The clove oil extracted from the dried floral buds of the clove provide as a topical treating pain and as a healing factor. The flowers, stalks and clove tree leaves are obtained from the distillation of clove oil. Eugenol is the clove’s principal bioactive ingredient. For oral diseases, it is used as an antiseptic. Cloves are used in the cuisine of Asian, African, Middle East countries and used to give aromatic and flavor qualities to hot beverages. A mine component of clove plant parts is eugenol, that it has not been classified for its potential toxicity. Other important essential oil of clove is acetyl eugenol, beta-caryophyllene and vanillin, crategolic acid, tannins such as bicornin, gallotannic acid, methyl salicylate, the flavonoids eugenin, kaempferol, rhamnetin, and eugenitin, triterpenoids such as oleanolic acid, stigmasterol, and campesterol and several sesquiterpenes. Thus, foods should be preserved against the microbial spoilage throughout the storage periods. In addition to clove extracts could affects as anti-oxidative, fungicidal, and antibacterial effects on foods. It has been reported that clove essential oil is one of the natural fungicides and antibacterial phytomaterial. The active essential oil in clove, eugenol, has been shown to act as an effective platelet inhibitor, preventing blood clots. The major constituents in bud and leaf oils were reported to be eugenol and caryophyllene. Main constituent’s flower buds of clove essential oil are phenylpropanoids such as carvacrol, thymol, eugenol and cinnamaldehyde. Clove bud oil contained primarily eugenol, eugenyl acetate and caryophyllene. The high concentration of eugenol in leaf and buds oil makes it potentially useful in the medicines because they exhibit antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory activity, insecticidal and antioxidant properties, and are used traditionally as flavouring age","PeriodicalId":317578,"journal":{"name":"SAR Journal of Anatomy and Physiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116550502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiologists Do Advise Hyperlipidemic Patients to Maintain or Follow Prophylactic Measures in Scenario of Genetic Susceptibility of Hyperlipidemic Patients","authors":"Z. H. Tanveer, S. Zafar, A. Raza, R. Zafar, Jamil Ahmed Lakhair, Shaher Murad, S. Shaheena, S. Murad","doi":"10.36346/sarjap.2023.v04i01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36346/sarjap.2023.v04i01.002","url":null,"abstract":"Biotransformation in human body results accumulation of free radicals (reactive oxygen species or ROS). If patients LDL particles are more than normal in systemic circulation, get interacted with free radicals and form foamy cells; initial stage of coronary artery disease (CAD). Hyperlipidemia may be primary (genetic reason) or secondary which is acquired type of dyslipidemia. Free radicle formation in human body is very much normal phenomenon. Just reducing LDL or raising HDL may prevent interaction of LDL with reactive oxygen species (free radicals), escaping patient to develop CAD. Commonly used drugs in prophylaxis or treatment of dyslipidemia include statins (HMGCo-A reductase inhibitors), niacin, bile resins and fibric acids. There are alternative therapies for dyslipidemia including use of fibers, fruits, and vegetables. In Pakistan there are huge number of fruits and herbs which are getting popularity as hypolipidemic agents. One of the important fruit in Pakistan having hypolipidemic potential is JUJUBES (in urdu called Bair). In this study we have compared hypolipidemic effects of Bair with statin in hyperlipidemic patients. This study was conducted at Begum Jan hospital, Islamabad-Pakistan. Sixty hyperlipidemic patients were selected and divided in two groups. Their lipid profile (LP) was determined in the hospital and blood pressure (BP) was recorded at start of treatment. Group-1 was advised to take 10 mg tablet Rosuvastatin in divided doses, and group-2 was advised to use 500 mg Bair (JUJUBES) in divided times per day for the period of 2 months. RESULTS: after two months therapy their lipid profile and BP was re-determined and analyzed statistically by using SPSS version 22.00.01. It was observed that Rosuvastatin decreased systolic BP and LDL-c highly significantly (p-value < 0.001), while diastolic BP was reduced significantly (p-value <0.01) and HLD-c was increased significantly with p-value <0.01. In group-2 JUJUBES (Bair) reduced systolic BP and LDL-c significantly (p-value <0.01) but no significant changes were observed in diastolic BP and HDL-c in this group. CONCLUSION: It was concluded from the research study that Jujubes reduce LDL-c and systolic BP in hyperlipidemic patients, but lesser than statin group of antihyperlipidemic agents.","PeriodicalId":317578,"journal":{"name":"SAR Journal of Anatomy and Physiology","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115583340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic Syndrome Comprises of Altered Lipid, Carbohydrates, and Protein Metabolism: Leading Cause of Oxidative Stress","authors":"Z. H. Tanveer, A. Raza, R. Zafar, S. Zafar, Jamil Ahmed Lakhair, Shaher Murad, S. Shaheena","doi":"10.36346/sarjap.2023.v04i01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36346/sarjap.2023.v04i01.001","url":null,"abstract":"Metabolic syndrome comprises of altered lipid, carbohydrates, and protein metabolism causing increase synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which interact with blood low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles. This interactive phenomenon develops coronary artery disease (CAD) causing hypertension, congestive cardiac failure, cardiac arrhythmias, and heart attack. Preventive measures for CAD include avoiding sedentary life style, cession of cigarette smoking, taking unhealthy bakery foods and taking hypolipidemic agents. In allopathy hypolipidemic agents include statins, fibrates, niacin and psyllium husk. Because these drugs have mild to severe adverse effects, medicinal herbs having hypolipidemic characteristics are replacing allopathic agents. Ginger is one of those medicinal herbs. We have tried to prove how much ginger can reduce LDL-C, TC, and body weight in hyperlipidemic patients. Our research work was single blind and placebo-controlled study. The study was conducted at National Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan from July to November 2016. 65 male, female hyperlipidemic patients were selected from the OPD of the Hospital. Their age range was 25 years to sixty years. Chain smokers, regular alcohol users, and patients suffering from any liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal illnesses were excluded from the study. They were divided equally ie 30 patients in each group. Group-I was tested group and Group-II was placebo group. Their baseline lipid profile, and body weight was determined in pathology laboratory of the hospital and was kept in their personal file. Serum TC (total cholesterol) by calorimetric (enzymic) method. Blood LDL-cholesterol was calculated by Friedwald formula5 ie; LDL-cholesterol = TC-(TG/5) + HDL-cholesterol. 30 patients of group-I were advised to take 5 grams ginger’s pasted-powder in divided doses for the period of three months. 30 patients of group-II were advised to take one capsule (placebo capsule filled with 30 mg of grinded wheat) 8 hourly daily for the period of three months. They were advised to come at hospital for follow up fortnightly. After three months therapy their lipid profile and body weight was redetermined by same method as above. Data were expressed as mean ± SD/SEM (standard deviation/ standard error of mean). Paired t-test was used to determine SS (statistical significance) in pre and post-treatment mean values. P-values greater than 0.05 were labeled as non-significant difference in two groups (pre-treatment and post treatment mean values). Lesser than 0.05 value (p-value) was considered as significant change in two groups. Lesser than 0.001 value was labeled as highly significant change in two groups (pre-treatment and post treatment groups).","PeriodicalId":317578,"journal":{"name":"SAR Journal of Anatomy and Physiology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130548405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variations of Bifurcation of the Common Carotid Artery, and Origin of Superior Thyroid Artery, in Sudanese: A Cadaveric Study","authors":"FathElrahman Ab. Ib., Elghazaly A. Elghazaly","doi":"10.36346/sarjap.2022.v03i03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36346/sarjap.2022.v03i03.002","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Knowledge of the bifurcation level of the common carotid artery (CCA) is important during surgery, mummification, and radiological studies. This study aim to evaluate the anatomical variations in the bifurcation level of CCA, and the origin of the superior thyroid artery (STA), in Sudanese populations. Their knowledge reduces risk during surgery and helps in arterial ligation. Materials and Methods: 30 neck cadaveric specimens were evaluated on sides, using natural anatomical tools and methods for the anatomical studies. Results: The bifurcation of CCA was found at 36.7% at the level of the upper border of thyroid cartilage (TC), 61.7% above, and 1.6% below. No big differences were found in carotid bifurcation on both sides. The right side showed 30% were normal, 66.7 % high, and 3.3% were low-level bifurcation, left showed 43.3% were normal, 56.7% high, and no low level of bifurcation was observed. Origin of STA either from external 50% or bifurcation 46.7% was nearly about the same, with a few incidences 3.3% from the common carotid. Significance differences were observed in origin STA between both sides, on the right the artery commonly originates from external, and on the left commonly from the bifurcation. Conclusion: CCA bifurcates at a higher level in Sudanese, with no big difference in carotid bifurcation on both sides. Statistically, a significant difference was found in the origin of STA on both sides. Recommendation: higher bifurcation of CCA, and side variations in origin of STA, should be put into consideration during surgery and radiology.","PeriodicalId":317578,"journal":{"name":"SAR Journal of Anatomy and Physiology","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128173842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Haematological Indices of the First Generation of the Wistar Rats Fed with Calcium Carbide Ripened Orange","authors":"Dr. Ogoun Timipa Richard","doi":"10.36346/sarjap.2022.v03i03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36346/sarjap.2022.v03i03.001","url":null,"abstract":"Various chemicals have been consumed unnoticed by human in the advent of solving problems. The study is aimed at investigating the haematological indices of the first generation of the Wistar rat fed with Calcium Carbide induced ripened orange. Mature unripe oranges were plucked off from the Orange plant in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State. The fruits were divide into two groups, one group was kept and allowed to rip at normal room temperature and the other group was induced with Calcium Carbide to ripe. 10gram of calcium carbide was dissolved in 5ml of water in a closed metal bucket containing 1kg of the orange rapped with black nylon and was allowed for two days [48 hours] for ripening. After ripening, sampled fruits were washed and juiced. 600g of both the naturally ripened and calcium carbide ripened orange were peeled separately and blended in an electric blender with 350ml/1L of deionized water. The juice was filtered with a clean fine sieve and was poured into clean bottles labeled [CaC2 ripened orange juice and naturally ripened orange juice]; and was stored in a refrigerator for subsequent use. A total of 24 adult Wister rats [12 male and female of each sex] weighing between 126.9- 213.3g were used. They were kept in standard environmental condition, acclimatize for two [2] weeks and was fed with standard grower mash with clean water ad libitum. The rats were divided into three groups based on the body weight and then different concentrations of naturally ripened and calcium carbide induced ripened orange were administered orally. Group 1: Normal control group of 8 rats [4 males and 4 females] receive normal water and feeds only as placebo. Group 2: Treatment Group [1] of 8 rats [4 males and 4 females] received 5ml/kg of the naturally orange juice. Group 3: Treatment Group [2] of 8 rats [4 males and 4 females] received 5ml/kg of the Calcium Carbide ripped orange juice for 4 weeks. They were allowed to mate freely during the acclimatization and treatment period [One Month and two weeks]. The Wistar rats birthed and the pups of the three different groups were collected according to the treatment protocols. The Pups were weighed at birth, one week and two weeks and then sacrificed and blood samples were collected for haematological analysis. Results showed reduce Packed Cell Volume, Total White Blood Count, Hemoglobin, Red Blood Cell Count, Platelets, Lymphocytes, in the pups from the Calcium carbide treated Wistar rats (p>0.05). But there was an increase in Neutrophil, Monocytes and Eosinophil level of the pups from the Calcium carbide treated group. Calcium carbide has shown devastating effect on the haemtological parameters from the Pups of the Wistar rats fed with Calcium carbide. Blood cells production is impeded due its negative effect on hemapoietic stem cells, protection against foreign bodies is compromised due to low TWBC, resulting to tissue hypoxia, hemorrhage, and stunted growth and amongst other negative consequences; which are passed f","PeriodicalId":317578,"journal":{"name":"SAR Journal of Anatomy and Physiology","volume":"205 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115166520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Drug Delivery System Microsphere: A Review","authors":"Mohit Saini Jitender K Malik","doi":"10.36346/sarjap.2022.v03i02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36346/sarjap.2022.v03i02.001","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of targeted drug delivery is designed to attempt to concentrate the drug in the tissues of interest while reducing the relative concentration of the drug in the remaining tissues. As a result, the drug is localized to the targeted site. Therefore, the surrounding tissues are not affected by the drug. Therefore, carrier technology provides an intelligent approach to drug delivery by coupling drugs to carrier particles such as microspheres, nanoparticles, liposomes, niosomes, etc., modulating the release and absorption characteristics drug revenue. Microspheres are typically free-flowing powders made of proteins or synthetic polymers that are biodegradable in nature and ideally have a particle size of less than 200 μm. It is a reliable way to deliver drugs to the target site with specificity, if altered, and to maintain the desired concentration at the site of interest without side effects. Microspheres have received a great deal of attention not only for sustained release but also for targeting anti-cancer drugs to tumors. In the future, by combining various strategies, microspheres will occupy a central place in the delivery of new drugs, especially in the classification of diseased cells, diagnostics, genes and genetic material, safe, targeted and effective in vivo delivery and supplements in miniature versions of diseased organs and tissues in the body.","PeriodicalId":317578,"journal":{"name":"SAR Journal of Anatomy and Physiology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122488462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Progression in Wound healing Technologies","authors":"Ashok Kumar, J. Malik","doi":"10.36346/sarjap.2022.v03i01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36346/sarjap.2022.v03i01.001","url":null,"abstract":"Optimizing patient local and systemic circumstances, as well as creating an optimum wound healing environment, are essential components of successful wound care. Many products have been developed to impact the wound environment in order to offer a pathogen-free, protected, and moist environment in which to heal. In the wound healing cascade, newer items are being employed to replace or supplement various substrates. The latest applications of silver in microbial prophylaxis and treatment, including issues involving resistance and side effects, the latest uses of negative pressure wound devices, advanced dressings and skin substitutes, biologic wound products, including growth factor applications, and hyperbaric oxygen as an adjunct in wound healing are all covered in this review of the current state of the art in wound-healing products. With so many options, it's easy to get overwhelmed.","PeriodicalId":317578,"journal":{"name":"SAR Journal of Anatomy and Physiology","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115604661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}