Pub Date : 2020-11-19DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190907457.003.0001
Kristi A. Olson
Chapter 1 introduces the main question of the book: What is a fair income distribution? The empirical literature seems to assume that equal income would be fair. Consider, for example, the Gini coefficient. The reason researchers report the deviation from equality is presumably because they take equal income to have normative significance. Yet the equal income answer faces two objections. First, equal income is likely to be inefficient. This book sets aside efficiency concerns as a downstream consideration. The second objection—pointed out by both leftist political philosopher G. A. Cohen and conservative economist Milton Friedman—is that equal income is unfair to the hardworking. The question that needs answering, then, is: If equal income is unfair, what distribution of income would be fair?
第一章介绍了本书的主要问题:什么是公平的收入分配?实证文献似乎假设收入均等是公平的。以基尼系数为例。研究人员之所以报告这种偏离平等的现象，大概是因为他们认为收入平等具有规范意义。然而，收入平等的答案面临两个反对意见。首先，收入均等可能是低效的。这本书把效率问题放在一边，作为下游的考虑。第二个反对意见——左翼政治哲学家g·a·科恩(G. A. Cohen)和保守派经济学家米尔顿·弗里德曼(Milton friedman)都指出了这一点——是收入平等对勤劳的人不公平。那么，需要回答的问题是:如果收入均等是不公平的，那么怎样的收入分配才是公平的?
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