Ali Raza, Musharaf Hassan, Sara Juniad, Aamir Riaz, Ali Khan, Zia Ur Rehman, M. Saleem
The worldwide kiwifruit industry has suffered significant economic losses in recent decades as a result of the destructive bacterial plant disease Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa). Existing control approaches, which depend on the use of copper bactericides and antibiotics, are facing growing challenges due to the rise of resistance to antibiotics and ecological issues. Although biocontrol techniques show promise in laboratory settings, their efficacy in real-world field situations remains unclear. In order to tackle this issue, the emergence of a phage-based biocontrol method becomes a vital alternative, considering the precise targeting of bacteriophages (phages) towards the particular bacteria and their ecologically benign characteristics. This thorough assessment commences by delineating the repercussions of Psa-induced kiwifruit canker, underscoring the need for pioneering management strategies. The text explores the many types and strengths of Psa strains, and then shifts its attention to recent progress in the identification and description of Psa phages. The main topics discussed are the physical structure of phages, the spectrum of organisms they may infect, their ability to destroy bacterial cells, the study of their genetic material, and the process by which they break down bacterial cells. The review examines biocontrol tactics and their possible obstacles in kiwifruit orchards, specifically focusing on abiotic variables such as elevated temperature, UV irradiation and severe pH. The manuscript highlights the crucial importance of phages in efficiently controlling Psa infections, providing a sustainable and focused approach for safeguarding plants.
{"title":"Harnessing the bacteriophages to deal with canker infection of kiwi fruit: challenges and future perspective","authors":"Ali Raza, Musharaf Hassan, Sara Juniad, Aamir Riaz, Ali Khan, Zia Ur Rehman, M. Saleem","doi":"10.58801/2k24rv5htb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58801/2k24rv5htb","url":null,"abstract":"The worldwide kiwifruit industry has suffered significant economic losses in recent decades as a result of the destructive bacterial plant disease Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa). Existing control approaches, which depend on the use of copper bactericides and antibiotics, are facing growing challenges due to the rise of resistance to antibiotics and ecological issues. Although biocontrol techniques show promise in laboratory settings, their efficacy in real-world field situations remains unclear. In order to tackle this issue, the emergence of a phage-based biocontrol method becomes a vital alternative, considering the precise targeting of bacteriophages (phages) towards the particular bacteria and their ecologically benign characteristics. This thorough assessment commences by delineating the repercussions of Psa-induced kiwifruit canker, underscoring the need for pioneering management strategies. The text explores the many types and strengths of Psa strains, and then shifts its attention to recent progress in the identification and description of Psa phages. The main topics discussed are the physical structure of phages, the spectrum of organisms they may infect, their ability to destroy bacterial cells, the study of their genetic material, and the process by which they break down bacterial cells. The review examines biocontrol tactics and their possible obstacles in kiwifruit orchards, specifically focusing on abiotic variables such as elevated temperature, UV irradiation and severe pH. The manuscript highlights the crucial importance of phages in efficiently controlling Psa infections, providing a sustainable and focused approach for safeguarding plants.","PeriodicalId":318594,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Virology","volume":"35 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139782049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Raza, Musharaf Hassan, Sara Juniad, Aamir Riaz, Ali Khan, Zia Ur Rehman, M. Saleem
The worldwide kiwifruit industry has suffered significant economic losses in recent decades as a result of the destructive bacterial plant disease Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa). Existing control approaches, which depend on the use of copper bactericides and antibiotics, are facing growing challenges due to the rise of resistance to antibiotics and ecological issues. Although biocontrol techniques show promise in laboratory settings, their efficacy in real-world field situations remains unclear. In order to tackle this issue, the emergence of a phage-based biocontrol method becomes a vital alternative, considering the precise targeting of bacteriophages (phages) towards the particular bacteria and their ecologically benign characteristics. This thorough assessment commences by delineating the repercussions of Psa-induced kiwifruit canker, underscoring the need for pioneering management strategies. The text explores the many types and strengths of Psa strains, and then shifts its attention to recent progress in the identification and description of Psa phages. The main topics discussed are the physical structure of phages, the spectrum of organisms they may infect, their ability to destroy bacterial cells, the study of their genetic material, and the process by which they break down bacterial cells. The review examines biocontrol tactics and their possible obstacles in kiwifruit orchards, specifically focusing on abiotic variables such as elevated temperature, UV irradiation and severe pH. The manuscript highlights the crucial importance of phages in efficiently controlling Psa infections, providing a sustainable and focused approach for safeguarding plants.
{"title":"Harnessing the bacteriophages to deal with canker infection of kiwi fruit: challenges and future perspective","authors":"Ali Raza, Musharaf Hassan, Sara Juniad, Aamir Riaz, Ali Khan, Zia Ur Rehman, M. Saleem","doi":"10.58801/2k24rv5htb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58801/2k24rv5htb","url":null,"abstract":"The worldwide kiwifruit industry has suffered significant economic losses in recent decades as a result of the destructive bacterial plant disease Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa). Existing control approaches, which depend on the use of copper bactericides and antibiotics, are facing growing challenges due to the rise of resistance to antibiotics and ecological issues. Although biocontrol techniques show promise in laboratory settings, their efficacy in real-world field situations remains unclear. In order to tackle this issue, the emergence of a phage-based biocontrol method becomes a vital alternative, considering the precise targeting of bacteriophages (phages) towards the particular bacteria and their ecologically benign characteristics. This thorough assessment commences by delineating the repercussions of Psa-induced kiwifruit canker, underscoring the need for pioneering management strategies. The text explores the many types and strengths of Psa strains, and then shifts its attention to recent progress in the identification and description of Psa phages. The main topics discussed are the physical structure of phages, the spectrum of organisms they may infect, their ability to destroy bacterial cells, the study of their genetic material, and the process by which they break down bacterial cells. The review examines biocontrol tactics and their possible obstacles in kiwifruit orchards, specifically focusing on abiotic variables such as elevated temperature, UV irradiation and severe pH. The manuscript highlights the crucial importance of phages in efficiently controlling Psa infections, providing a sustainable and focused approach for safeguarding plants.","PeriodicalId":318594,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Virology","volume":"269 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139841829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Iqbal, R. Kalsoom, Bushra Ishfaq, Azher Mustafa, Muhammad Intizar-Ul-Hassan
After rice and wheat, potatoes are the third most important staple crop in Pakistan, but due to various virus diseases attacks, yield remains very low. Among viral pathogens, potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) and potato virus Y (PVY) are the most destructive viruses present in all potato-growing areas. A field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Plant Virology Section, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, to evaluate the effects of meteorological variables on the development of virus infections (PLRV and PVY) on different potato varieties under natural and mulched conditions. Results indicated that the development of infections of PVY and PLRV was delayed in different potato varieties under mulched conditions. The potato variety Simply Red had the highest PLRV and PVY disease incidences under unmulched and mulched circumstances, while Sahiwal Red and Ruby had the lowest infection rates. The least PVY disease incidence was noted under mulched conditions on FD-81-1. Mulched conditions were better in the reduction of diseases than unmulched conditions. The average high temperature (HT) ranged from 21.9 ◦C to 27 ◦C was most favorable for the development of PLRV and PVY on all six tested potato varieties in both conditions. The average low temperature (LT) ranged from 8 ◦C to 15 ◦C was favorable for the progression of PLRV and PVY diseases in both conditions. The relative humidity (RH) range of 50-60% was conducive for the development of PLRV and PVY diseases. It is concluded that mulching application is an essential tool to enhance the yield of potato crops by reducing their specific diseases.
{"title":"Effects of meteorological variables on potato leaf roll virus and potato virus y infections on different potato varieties under natural and mulched conditions","authors":"Muhammad Iqbal, R. Kalsoom, Bushra Ishfaq, Azher Mustafa, Muhammad Intizar-Ul-Hassan","doi":"10.58801/2k23or4eom","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58801/2k23or4eom","url":null,"abstract":"After rice and wheat, potatoes are the third most important staple crop in Pakistan, but due to various virus diseases attacks, yield remains very low. Among viral pathogens, potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) and potato virus Y (PVY) are the most destructive viruses present in all potato-growing areas. A field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Plant Virology Section, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, to evaluate the effects of meteorological variables on the development of virus infections (PLRV and PVY) on different potato varieties under natural and mulched conditions. Results indicated that the development of infections of PVY and PLRV was delayed in different potato varieties under mulched conditions. The potato variety Simply Red had the highest PLRV and PVY disease incidences under unmulched and mulched circumstances, while Sahiwal Red and Ruby had the lowest infection rates. The least PVY disease incidence was noted under mulched conditions on FD-81-1. Mulched conditions were better in the reduction of diseases than unmulched conditions. The average high temperature (HT) ranged from 21.9 ◦C to 27 ◦C was most favorable for the development of PLRV and PVY on all six tested potato varieties in both conditions. The average low temperature (LT) ranged from 8 ◦C to 15 ◦C was favorable for the progression of PLRV and PVY diseases in both conditions. The relative humidity (RH) range of 50-60% was conducive for the development of PLRV and PVY diseases. It is concluded that mulching application is an essential tool to enhance the yield of potato crops by reducing their specific diseases.","PeriodicalId":318594,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Virology","volume":"3 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139132812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdul Majid, Muhammad Taimoor Shakeel, Muhammad Naveed Aslam, Waqas Ashraf, Muhammad Raheel, Ambreen Maqsood, Atta ur Rehman Khan, Anam Moosa, Muhammad Umar Shafiq
Due to their stagnation, plants are frequently exposed to a variety of stresses, including both abiotic and biotic factors. Biotic stress in plants is due to many microbes that include viruses, fungi, bacteria, and parasitic organisms as plant pathogens. Plant viruses are one of those pathogens that frequently evolve and lower global agricultural productivity. Geminiviruses are the most damaging type of plant viruses. Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus (ToLCNDV) is a begomovirus belonging to the family Geminiviridae. This is a ssDNA virus having a bipartite genome with genomic length ranging between 2.6-2.7 kb. This virus was originally discovered in India in 1995 from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). It mostly infects solanaceous and cucurbitaceous crops and is a whitefly-transmitted, circulative and persistent virus. Its prominent symptoms are severe upward leaf curling, enations, stunting, puckering, yellow spots and yellow mosaic. This virus has devastating effects on the yield of different crops with yield losses ranging between 17.6-99.4 % depending upon the disease-causing factors. ToLCNDV-ES and ToLCNDV-OM are the most devastating strains of this virus. This comprehensive review will provide basic information on the characteristic features of ToLCNDV. The evolutionary mechanism of this virus is studied to know about the strain’s evolution with the passage of time on different host plants cultivated in several regions of the world. This review also covers the genome characteristics, geographical distribution, host range, transmission methods, genetic diversity, different molecular & serological assays, yield losses, and the management of this virus.
{"title":"Unraveling the devastating impact of Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus (ToLCNDV): understanding its characteristics, host range, and management strategies","authors":"Abdul Majid, Muhammad Taimoor Shakeel, Muhammad Naveed Aslam, Waqas Ashraf, Muhammad Raheel, Ambreen Maqsood, Atta ur Rehman Khan, Anam Moosa, Muhammad Umar Shafiq","doi":"10.58801/2k23rv2utd","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58801/2k23rv2utd","url":null,"abstract":"Due to their stagnation, plants are frequently exposed to a variety of stresses, including both abiotic and biotic factors. Biotic stress in plants is due to many microbes that include viruses, fungi, bacteria, and parasitic organisms as plant pathogens. Plant viruses are one of those pathogens that frequently evolve and lower global agricultural productivity. Geminiviruses are the most damaging type of plant viruses. Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus (ToLCNDV) is a begomovirus belonging to the family Geminiviridae. This is a ssDNA virus having a bipartite genome with genomic length ranging between 2.6-2.7 kb. This virus was originally discovered in India in 1995 from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). It mostly infects solanaceous and cucurbitaceous crops and is a whitefly-transmitted, circulative and persistent virus. Its prominent symptoms are severe upward leaf curling, enations, stunting, puckering, yellow spots and yellow mosaic. This virus has devastating effects on the yield of different crops with yield losses ranging between 17.6-99.4 % depending upon the disease-causing factors. ToLCNDV-ES and ToLCNDV-OM are the most devastating strains of this virus. This comprehensive review will provide basic information on the characteristic features of ToLCNDV. The evolutionary mechanism of this virus is studied to know about the strain’s evolution with the passage of time on different host plants cultivated in several regions of the world. This review also covers the genome characteristics, geographical distribution, host range, transmission methods, genetic diversity, different molecular & serological assays, yield losses, and the management of this virus.","PeriodicalId":318594,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Virology","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128027794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Priyadarshini Gupta, Riya Singh, Prerona Boruah, M. Parab, Pramodkumar P. Gupta, P. Thakur, M. David
Background and Aims: The trend of COVID-19 infections in India has been dynamic as well as complex, with several peaks and troughs since the pandemic began, including the rise of advanced and more contagious variants of the virus, increased public complacency towards health guidelines, and the challenges posed by vaccine hesitancy and misinformation. The current article comprehends the patterns of COVID-19 infection in India, with highlights of infection patterns and mortality in several states. Methods: With the use of keywords, we looked through the National Library of Medicine, Google Scholar, and PubMed electronic databases. We have all the specific information from the case reports and clinical series of the patients from the various COVID-19 pandemic waves in India. In order to assess the national impact of these epidemic waves, we then carefully review the case reports.
{"title":"Infection and mortality trend of COVID-19 over the years in India and measures taken to curb the epidemic: a comprehensive review","authors":"Priyadarshini Gupta, Riya Singh, Prerona Boruah, M. Parab, Pramodkumar P. Gupta, P. Thakur, M. David","doi":"10.58801/2k23rv1imt","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58801/2k23rv1imt","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aims: The trend of COVID-19 infections in India has been dynamic as well as complex, with several peaks and troughs since the pandemic began, including the rise of advanced and more contagious variants of the virus, increased public complacency towards health guidelines, and the challenges posed by vaccine hesitancy and misinformation. The current article comprehends the patterns of COVID-19 infection in India, with highlights of infection patterns and mortality in several states. Methods: With the use of keywords, we looked through the National Library of Medicine, Google Scholar, and PubMed electronic databases. We have all the specific information from the case reports and clinical series of the patients from the various COVID-19 pandemic waves in India. In order to assess the national impact of these epidemic waves, we then carefully review the case reports.","PeriodicalId":318594,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Virology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126704289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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