Pub Date : 2021-11-01DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780197619995.003.0009
Adriaan van Klinken, E. Chitando
In addition to storytelling, poetry has also been adopted by African LGBTQ communities as a creative method to give voice to deeply personal struggles and experiences of trauma, but also to express glimpses of faith, hope and love, and expectations of the future. This chapter focuses on a collection of LGBTQ poetry from across Africa, titled Walking the Tightrope (2016). The chapter examines how selected poems represent and reflect the ambivalent experiences of LGBTQ people with religion, specifically Christianity. These poems engage with religion critically, but also creatively, as through the arts of language LGBTQ writers give sacred meaning to their struggles, signify their lives with religious idiom, reclaim biblical and theological concepts, and give voice to their life experiences. Thus, the chapter foregrounds poetry as a creative method of queer African religious critique as well as reimagination.
除了讲故事，诗歌也被非洲LGBTQ社区作为一种创造性的方式来表达深刻的个人挣扎和创伤经历，同时也表达对信仰、希望和爱的一瞥，以及对未来的期望。本章的重点是一本来自非洲各地的LGBTQ诗歌合集，名为《走钢索》(Walking the Tightrope, 2016)。这一章考察了被选中的诗歌是如何代表和反映LGBTQ人群与宗教，特别是基督教的矛盾经历的。这些诗歌与宗教有批判性的接触，但也有创造性的接触，通过语言艺术，LGBTQ作家赋予他们的斗争神圣的意义，用宗教成语表示他们的生活，重新夺回圣经和神学概念，并表达他们的生活经历。因此，本章将诗歌作为非洲酷儿宗教批判和再想象的一种创造性方法。
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Pub Date : 2021-11-01DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780197619995.003.0005
Adriaan van Klinken, E. Chitando
This chapter focuses on the work of leading African feminist biblical scholar and theologian, Musa W. Dube from Botswana. It reconstructs and examines how Dube, from her activist-scholarly work on issues of gender and HIV/AIDS, has also come to advocate a progressive approach to questions of sexual diversity. The chapter locates Dube’s approach in her broader theological project that is informed by eco-feminist and liberation theologies, and that seeks to read the Bible in a quest for life and justice. It particularly identifies the biblical concept of the ‘Body of Christ’ and the indigenous African notion of ubuntu as cornerstones of Dube’s prophetic call to embrace and affirm human embodiment, both physically and communally, in the context of stigma, discrimination and injustice.
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Pub Date : 2021-11-01DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780197619995.003.0007
Adriaan van Klinken, E. Chitando
This chapter focuses on the work of The Fellowship of Affirming Ministries (TFAM), an African American organization that in recent years has become active in Africa. Rooted in the traditions of black Pentecostalism and black liberation theology, TFAM was founded in the year 2000 to promote the ‘gospel of radical inclusivity’. The chapter offers an overview of TFAM’s history and its recent engagement with the African continent. It reconstructs how the organization and its local partners are promoting a pan-African, progressive, LGBTI-affirming and justice-oriented form of Pentecostal Christianity that seeks to combat the influence of American conservative, mostly white, evangelicals in Africa. It also offers an account of LGBTI-affirming congregation established with the support of TFAM, the Cosmopolitan Affirming Community in Nairobi, Kenya. Doing so, the chapter discusses TFAM’s work as a charismatic alternative to secular forms of LGBTI activism.
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Pub Date : 2021-11-01DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780197619995.003.0010
Adriaan van Klinken, E. Chitando
Referring to the role of African literary writers as social critics, this chapter focuses on literary texts that enable a reimagination of Christianity and sexual diversity in contemporary Africa. As a case in point, it discusses the novel Under the Udala Trees by the Nigerian writer Chinelo Okparanta (2015). Set in the aftermath of the Biafra war (1967-70), the novel tells the love story between two young women. The chapter explores how Christianity is a central theme in the novel, in a twofold way. First, the novel narrates the ambivalent experiences of the protagonist with the church as a space of rejection and ‘deliverance’ as well as of refuge and comfort. Second, the novel shows how the Bible has become a battleground in the debate about homosexuality, used to condemn same-sex love, while foregrounding alternative, liberating biblical interpretations.
在提到非洲文学作家作为社会批评家的角色时，本章侧重于文学文本，使当代非洲的基督教和性别多样性重新想象。作为一个恰当的例子，它讨论了尼日利亚作家Chinelo Okparanta(2015)的小说《在乌达拉树下》(Under the Udala Trees)。小说以比夫拉战争(1967-70)后为背景，讲述了两个年轻女子之间的爱情故事。这一章从两个方面探讨了基督教如何成为小说的中心主题。首先，小说叙述了主人公的矛盾经历，教会既是拒绝和“解脱”的空间，也是庇护和安慰的空间。其次，这部小说展示了《圣经》是如何成为同性恋辩论的战场的，它被用来谴责同性之爱，同时又突出了另一种自由的《圣经》解释。
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Pub Date : 2021-11-01DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780197619995.003.0002
Adriaan van Klinken, E. Chitando
This chapter focuses on Desmond Tutu, Archbishop Emeritus of Cape Town, South Africa, and his contribution to debates about sexual diversity and Christianity in Africa. It examines how Tutu’s progressive stance on same-sex sexuality gradually developed over the years and is informed by his long-standing resistance against apartheid and his defense of black civil rights in South Africa. It argues that at the heart of both struggles – around race and sexuality – is Tutu’s strong commitment to affirming human diversity and to defending the dignity and rights of all people. The chapter locates this commitment in Tutu’s African black theological thinking that centers around the biblical notion of the Imago Dei (the image of God) and the indigenous notion of ubuntu.
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