Pub Date : 2019-03-20DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82537
I. Hugalde, S. Riaz, C. Agüero, H. Vila, Gonzalo Sebastián Gómez Talquenca, M. Walker
Vigor is considered as a propensity to assimilate, store, and/or use nonstructural carbohydrates for producing large canopies, and it is associated with high metabolism and fast growth. Growth involves cell expansion and cell division. Cell division depends on hormonal and metabolic processes. Cell expansion occurs because cell walls are extensible, meaning they deform under the action of tensile forces, generally caused by turgor. There is increasing interest in understanding the genetic basis of vigor and biomass production. It is well established that growth and vigor are quantitative traits and their genetic architecture consists of a big number of genes with small individual effects. The search for groups of genes with small individual effects, which control a specific quantitative trait, is performed by QTL analysis and genetic mapping. Today, several linkage maps are available, like “Syrah” × “grenache,” “Riesling” × “Cabernet Sauvignon,” and “Ramsey” × Vitis riparia . This last progeny segregates for vigor and constituted an interesting tool for our genetic studies on growth.
{"title":"Studying Growth and Vigor as Quantitative Traits in Grapevine Populations","authors":"I. Hugalde, S. Riaz, C. Agüero, H. Vila, Gonzalo Sebastián Gómez Talquenca, M. Walker","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82537","url":null,"abstract":"Vigor is considered as a propensity to assimilate, store, and/or use nonstructural carbohydrates for producing large canopies, and it is associated with high metabolism and fast growth. Growth involves cell expansion and cell division. Cell division depends on hormonal and metabolic processes. Cell expansion occurs because cell walls are extensible, meaning they deform under the action of tensile forces, generally caused by turgor. There is increasing interest in understanding the genetic basis of vigor and biomass production. It is well established that growth and vigor are quantitative traits and their genetic architecture consists of a big number of genes with small individual effects. The search for groups of genes with small individual effects, which control a specific quantitative trait, is performed by QTL analysis and genetic mapping. Today, several linkage maps are available, like “Syrah” × “grenache,” “Riesling” × “Cabernet Sauvignon,” and “Ramsey” × Vitis riparia . This last progeny segregates for vigor and constituted an interesting tool for our genetic studies on growth.","PeriodicalId":325094,"journal":{"name":"Integrated View of Population Genetics","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130968341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-18DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84418
R. Maia, M. A. Campos
Population genetics is defined as the sub-area of biology that studies the distribution and change in frequency of alleles. The population genetics is also the basis of evolution, and it has been established as a science; its main founders were JBS Haldane, Sir Ronald Fisher, and Sewall Wright. Since 1966, from the pioneering work of Fisher, Haldane, and Wright, the population genetics had accumulated a large mathematical theory, statistical tools, laboratory techniques, molecular markers, and huge information of polymorphisms in databanks [1]. The main concept in population genetics is focused on the Hardy-Weinberg theorem (also known as Hardy-Weinberg theorem or Hardy-Weinberg law). This central theorem preconizes that if the population size is large, with random mating, and mutation, selection, and migration are not significant, the allelic frequencies do not change over the generations. If not, the allelic and genotype frequencies will change from one generation to the next. These changes can affect directly in population’s adaptive fitness, so information for applied studies and decisions can be provided by accessing the genetic variation in populations.
{"title":"Introductory Chapter: Population Genetics - The Evolution Process as a Genetic Function","authors":"R. Maia, M. A. Campos","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84418","url":null,"abstract":"Population genetics is defined as the sub-area of biology that studies the distribution and change in frequency of alleles. The population genetics is also the basis of evolution, and it has been established as a science; its main founders were JBS Haldane, Sir Ronald Fisher, and Sewall Wright. Since 1966, from the pioneering work of Fisher, Haldane, and Wright, the population genetics had accumulated a large mathematical theory, statistical tools, laboratory techniques, molecular markers, and huge information of polymorphisms in databanks [1]. The main concept in population genetics is focused on the Hardy-Weinberg theorem (also known as Hardy-Weinberg theorem or Hardy-Weinberg law). This central theorem preconizes that if the population size is large, with random mating, and mutation, selection, and migration are not significant, the allelic frequencies do not change over the generations. If not, the allelic and genotype frequencies will change from one generation to the next. These changes can affect directly in population’s adaptive fitness, so information for applied studies and decisions can be provided by accessing the genetic variation in populations.","PeriodicalId":325094,"journal":{"name":"Integrated View of Population Genetics","volume":"897 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116389815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-29DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81838
Swati Shrestha, Shandrea Stallworth, T. Tseng
Weedy rice is conspecific, the most troublesome weed of cultivated rice identified as a threat to global rice production. The weed has inherited high reproductive ability and high dormancy by outcrossing with modern rice cultivars and wild cultivars, respectively. Traits such as rapid growth, high tillering, enhanced ability to uptake fertilizers, asynchronous maturation, seed shattering, and long dormancy periods make weedy rice more competitive than cultivated rice. Weedy rice infesting rice fields are morphologically diverse with different hull color, awn length, plant height, and variable tiller number. Morphological diversity in weedy rice can be attributed to its high genetic diversity. Introgression of alleles from cultivated rice into weedy has resulted in high genetic and morphological diversity in weedy rice. Although variations among weedy rice populations make them difficult to control, on the brighter side, competitive nature of weedy rice could be considered as raw genetic materials for rice breeding program to develop vigorous rice plants able to tolerate high biotic and abiotic stresses.
{"title":"Weedy Rice: Competitive Ability, Evolution, and Diversity","authors":"Swati Shrestha, Shandrea Stallworth, T. Tseng","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81838","url":null,"abstract":"Weedy rice is conspecific, the most troublesome weed of cultivated rice identified as a threat to global rice production. The weed has inherited high reproductive ability and high dormancy by outcrossing with modern rice cultivars and wild cultivars, respectively. Traits such as rapid growth, high tillering, enhanced ability to uptake fertilizers, asynchronous maturation, seed shattering, and long dormancy periods make weedy rice more competitive than cultivated rice. Weedy rice infesting rice fields are morphologically diverse with different hull color, awn length, plant height, and variable tiller number. Morphological diversity in weedy rice can be attributed to its high genetic diversity. Introgression of alleles from cultivated rice into weedy has resulted in high genetic and morphological diversity in weedy rice. Although variations among weedy rice populations make them difficult to control, on the brighter side, competitive nature of weedy rice could be considered as raw genetic materials for rice breeding program to develop vigorous rice plants able to tolerate high biotic and abiotic stresses.","PeriodicalId":325094,"journal":{"name":"Integrated View of Population Genetics","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125642824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-05DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81796
Yongshuang Xiao, Zhizhong Xiao, Jing Liu, D. Ma, Qinghua Liu, Jun Li
Hyporthodus septemfasciatus is a commercially important proliferation fish which is distributed in the coastal waters of Japan, Korea, and China. We used the fluorescent AFLP technique to check the genetic differentiations between broodstock and offspring populations. A total of 422 polymorphic bands (70.10%) were detected from the 602 amplified bands. A total of 308 polymorphic loci were checked for broodstock I ( P broodstock I = 55.50%) coupled with 356 and 294 for broodstock II ( P broodstock II = 63.12%) and offspring ( P offspring = 52.88%), respectively. The levels of population genetic diversities for broodstock were higher than those for offspring. Both AMOVA and F st analyses showed that significant genetic differentiation existed among populations, and limited fishery recruitment to the offspring was detected. STRUCTURE and PCoA analyses indicated that two management units existed and most offspring individuals (95.0%) only originated from 44.0% of the individuals of broodstock I, which may have negative effects on sustainable fry production.
{"title":"The Research of Population Genetic Differentiation for Marine Fishes (Hyporthodus septemfasciatus) Based on Fluorescent AFLP Markers","authors":"Yongshuang Xiao, Zhizhong Xiao, Jing Liu, D. Ma, Qinghua Liu, Jun Li","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81796","url":null,"abstract":"Hyporthodus septemfasciatus is a commercially important proliferation fish which is distributed in the coastal waters of Japan, Korea, and China. We used the fluorescent AFLP technique to check the genetic differentiations between broodstock and offspring populations. A total of 422 polymorphic bands (70.10%) were detected from the 602 amplified bands. A total of 308 polymorphic loci were checked for broodstock I ( P broodstock I = 55.50%) coupled with 356 and 294 for broodstock II ( P broodstock II = 63.12%) and offspring ( P offspring = 52.88%), respectively. The levels of population genetic diversities for broodstock were higher than those for offspring. Both AMOVA and F st analyses showed that significant genetic differentiation existed among populations, and limited fishery recruitment to the offspring was detected. STRUCTURE and PCoA analyses indicated that two management units existed and most offspring individuals (95.0%) only originated from 44.0% of the individuals of broodstock I, which may have negative effects on sustainable fry production.","PeriodicalId":325094,"journal":{"name":"Integrated View of Population Genetics","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124812044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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