Water contamination is one of the prominent issues in communities. The majority of water contaminants are from household wastewater. The researchers wanted to utilize biobased activated carbon from various agricultural residues including corncobs, durian husks, tamarind woods, and coconut shells enhanced with Effective Microorganisms (EM) solution to boost the ability of chemical, color, and odor absorption to clean household wastewater. This study was conducted to develop EM-enhancing activated carbon that is appropriate for treating household wastewater and to investigate the effectiveness of EM-enhancing activated carbon in the treatment of household wastewater. The experiment showed the EM-enhancing activated carbon started to absorb water contaminants after 15 minutes of being soaked in household wastewater. The ability to absorb foul odors of EM and nonEM enhancing activated carbon were not different based on the blind-sensory test. However, the EM-enhancing activated carbon from tamarin wood, and coconut shell showed the highest contaminant absorption abilities displayed on Total Dissolved Solid (TSD) and Electrical Conductivity (EC) due to the greater density and the quantity of porosity in the carbon. The treated water using EM-enhancing activated carbon also displays the slowest duckweed growth in the treated water. The further investigation illustrated the highest densities and porosities on EM-enhancing activated carbon from tamarin wood and coconut shell compare to others materials. This indicates the two materials are the most eligible for producing EM-enhancing activated carbon to clean household wastewater.
{"title":"EM-enhancing Activated Carbon from Biological Products for the Treatment of Household Wastewater","authors":"Chalisa Khaomuangnoi, Krittima Thongkhamplew, Krittiyaporn Koolhai, Sirilak Yamkong, Witchayaporn Deebang","doi":"10.37722/espram.2022202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37722/espram.2022202","url":null,"abstract":"Water contamination is one of the prominent issues in communities. The majority of water contaminants are from household wastewater. The researchers wanted to utilize biobased activated carbon from various agricultural residues including corncobs, durian husks, tamarind woods, and coconut shells enhanced with Effective Microorganisms (EM) solution to boost the ability of chemical, color, and odor absorption to clean household wastewater. This study was conducted to develop EM-enhancing activated carbon that is appropriate for treating household wastewater and to investigate the effectiveness of EM-enhancing activated carbon in the treatment of household wastewater. The experiment showed the EM-enhancing activated carbon started to absorb water contaminants after 15 minutes of being soaked in household wastewater. The ability to absorb foul odors of EM and nonEM enhancing activated carbon were not different based on the blind-sensory test. However, the EM-enhancing activated carbon from tamarin wood, and coconut shell showed the highest contaminant absorption abilities displayed on Total Dissolved Solid (TSD) and Electrical Conductivity (EC) due to the greater density and the quantity of porosity in the carbon. The treated water using EM-enhancing activated carbon also displays the slowest duckweed growth in the treated water. The further investigation illustrated the highest densities and porosities on EM-enhancing activated carbon from tamarin wood and coconut shell compare to others materials. This indicates the two materials are the most eligible for producing EM-enhancing activated carbon to clean household wastewater.","PeriodicalId":331730,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science, Pollution Research and Management","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115888071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The evaluation of individual effects of surfactants or other ingredients does not reflect the influence of a detergent on the aquatic environment, being important to estimate the effects of detergent as a whole. The present study, the impact of detergents on the process of nitrification of ammonium ions in natural waters evaluates the influence of 3 types of detergents on the process of nitrification of NH4 + in water: solid detergents (DS-1 and DS2) and a liquid detergent (DL). Laboratory modeling evaluated the nitrification process in the water of the Dniester River, in which 2.2-2.5 mg / dm3 NH4 + , 1-10-100 mg / dm3 DS-1 and DS-2 were added and 0.1 -0.5-1.0 ml / dm3 of DL. The nitrification process (stage I) NH4 + → NO2 - in water without detergent (control) took 8 days. At the addition of 1-10 mg/dm3 of DS-1 and DS-2 the process took 9-10 days, and at 100 mg/dm3 - 19-24 days, the concentration of nitrates in stage II (NO2 - →NO3 - ) being 19.8-17.2 mg/dm3 for DS -1 and 14.9- 1.68 mg/dm3 for DS-2, respectively. The concentration of 0.1 ml / dm3 DL generated the process at stage I to last 19 days, and in the presence of 0.5-1.0 ml/dm3 DL after 30 days there were still 56-88% of the initial ammonium, finally stage II (NO2 -NO3 - ) ending with only 4.67 - 1.01 mg/dm3 of nitrates. The study confirms the need to assess the impact of detergents (not only surfactants) and wastewater before being discharged into the emissary.
{"title":"Impact of Detergents on the Nitrification Process of Ammonium Ions in Natural Waters","authors":"Sandu Maria, Tărîţă Anatolie, Moşanu Elena, Dragalina Galina, Lozan Raisa","doi":"10.37722/espram.2022201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37722/espram.2022201","url":null,"abstract":"The evaluation of individual effects of surfactants or other ingredients does not reflect the influence of a detergent on the aquatic environment, being important to estimate the effects of detergent as a whole. The present study, the impact of detergents on the process of nitrification of ammonium ions in natural waters evaluates the influence of 3 types of detergents on the process of nitrification of NH4 + in water: solid detergents (DS-1 and DS2) and a liquid detergent (DL). Laboratory modeling evaluated the nitrification process in the water of the Dniester River, in which 2.2-2.5 mg / dm3 NH4 + , 1-10-100 mg / dm3 DS-1 and DS-2 were added and 0.1 -0.5-1.0 ml / dm3 of DL. The nitrification process (stage I) NH4 + → NO2 - in water without detergent (control) took 8 days. At the addition of 1-10 mg/dm3 of DS-1 and DS-2 the process took 9-10 days, and at 100 mg/dm3 - 19-24 days, the concentration of nitrates in stage II (NO2 - →NO3 - ) being 19.8-17.2 mg/dm3 for DS -1 and 14.9- 1.68 mg/dm3 for DS-2, respectively. The concentration of 0.1 ml / dm3 DL generated the process at stage I to last 19 days, and in the presence of 0.5-1.0 ml/dm3 DL after 30 days there were still 56-88% of the initial ammonium, finally stage II (NO2 -NO3 - ) ending with only 4.67 - 1.01 mg/dm3 of nitrates. The study confirms the need to assess the impact of detergents (not only surfactants) and wastewater before being discharged into the emissary.","PeriodicalId":331730,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science, Pollution Research and Management","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129377402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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