Pub Date : 2020-08-11DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190949501.003.0025
S. Wigboldus, L. Klerkx, C. Leeuwis
Scaling generalizable solutions delivered through science, technology, and innovation has become a dominant paradigm for achieving the sustainable development goals. In many cases, organizations articulate theories of change that are intended to support the strategic design and guidance of agricultural research and innovation to contribute to impact at scale. How scaling beyond the immediate research and innovation context is expected to happen, however, is often poorly elaborated in theories of change. The question of how scaling could happen—that is, a theory of scaling—tends to remain a black box of unarticulated assumptions. Similarly, policymakers often lack a governance sense-making framework to consider the appropriateness of a multitude of scaling initiatives in light of societal goals. Recent studies have drawn attention to the fact that scaling processes involve greater complexity than is generally taken into account. This chapter addresses this situation by unpacking what is in that black box and translating this into a guidance framework along the lines of a theory of scaling as a dedicated component of a wider theory of change. The objective is to support researchers, management decision-makers, and policymakers in engaging more effectively and responsibly with scaling initiatives.
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Pub Date : 2020-08-11DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190949501.003.0014
S. Poon, Yiren Liu, Ruihua Guo, Mu Li
Digital health is the intersection of information, computer, and medical science and healthcare, which focusses on adopting information technology (IT) within clinical and healthcare processes. In this chapter, a maturity measurement framework of digital health in China is developed. The framework is applied to contextualize different aspects of the recent progress, opportunities, and challenges of digital health in China; more specifically, to identify its potential in improving the quality and delivery of healthcare (SDG3) and the way health information is shared through new value chains in the health system. The demand of quality education, digital health literacy, and expansion of complementary skills among health professionals, patients, and the general population will become more important to ensure inclusive and equitable education and to promote lifelong learning (SDG4). Transforming health service supply through digitization (automating processes) as well as digitalization (changing to new model of care deliveries) will enable better access in rural regions and help prevent the urban–rural divide faced by many people. Progress in digital health can facilitate equality between populations and reduce inequality among different groups of population by location, health, or economic status (SDG10). This chapter discusses the recent establishment of the Chinese National Health Information Platform, also known as the 4631-2 project, and then takes a system perspective to assess the impacts by covering four dimensions: translation, education, transformation, and technology. Finally, the chapter provides future projections on the basis of the literature synthesis, including opportunities and challenges for a sustainable digital health system in China.
{"title":"Digital Health","authors":"S. Poon, Yiren Liu, Ruihua Guo, Mu Li","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190949501.003.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190949501.003.0014","url":null,"abstract":"Digital health is the intersection of information, computer, and medical science and healthcare, which focusses on adopting information technology (IT) within clinical and healthcare processes. In this chapter, a maturity measurement framework of digital health in China is developed. The framework is applied to contextualize different aspects of the recent progress, opportunities, and challenges of digital health in China; more specifically, to identify its potential in improving the quality and delivery of healthcare (SDG3) and the way health information is shared through new value chains in the health system. The demand of quality education, digital health literacy, and expansion of complementary skills among health professionals, patients, and the general population will become more important to ensure inclusive and equitable education and to promote lifelong learning (SDG4). Transforming health service supply through digitization (automating processes) as well as digitalization (changing to new model of care deliveries) will enable better access in rural regions and help prevent the urban–rural divide faced by many people. Progress in digital health can facilitate equality between populations and reduce inequality among different groups of population by location, health, or economic status (SDG10). This chapter discusses the recent establishment of the Chinese National Health Information Platform, also known as the 4631-2 project, and then takes a system perspective to assess the impacts by covering four dimensions: translation, education, transformation, and technology. Finally, the chapter provides future projections on the basis of the literature synthesis, including opportunities and challenges for a sustainable digital health system in China.","PeriodicalId":331896,"journal":{"name":"Science, Technology, and Innovation for Sustainable Development Goals","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132373849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190949501.003.0020
A. Adenle, H. Steur, K. Hefferon, J. Wesseler
Agricultural technologies have a key role to play in advancing international development, including achievement of the sustainable development goals (SDGs). Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are among a wide of range of agricultural technologies that can play a significant role in meeting SDG1 (poverty eradication), SDG2 (zero hunger), SDG13 (climate change), and other interlinked SDGs. Yet GMO opposition persists in Europe with spillover effects in Africa, Asia, South America, and Latin America, thereby limiting the adoption of the new technology in the developing world. This chapter outlines two decades of positive impacts of GMOs in terms of socioeconomic and environmental benefits and considers their potential role in addressing the challenges presented in the 2030 development agenda. The authors highlight fundamental challenges in the application of GMOs, including the overly cautious application of precautionary principle and the lack of an international GMO regulatory framework. Developing countries need to employ risk-assessment models that balance benefits, costs, and risks of GMOs, focusing on local agricultural and environmental practices, rather than following developed countries.
{"title":"Two Decades of GMOs","authors":"A. Adenle, H. Steur, K. Hefferon, J. Wesseler","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190949501.003.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190949501.003.0020","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural technologies have a key role to play in advancing international development, including achievement of the sustainable development goals (SDGs). Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are among a wide of range of agricultural technologies that can play a significant role in meeting SDG1 (poverty eradication), SDG2 (zero hunger), SDG13 (climate change), and other interlinked SDGs. Yet GMO opposition persists in Europe with spillover effects in Africa, Asia, South America, and Latin America, thereby limiting the adoption of the new technology in the developing world. This chapter outlines two decades of positive impacts of GMOs in terms of socioeconomic and environmental benefits and considers their potential role in addressing the challenges presented in the 2030 development agenda. The authors highlight fundamental challenges in the application of GMOs, including the overly cautious application of precautionary principle and the lack of an international GMO regulatory framework. Developing countries need to employ risk-assessment models that balance benefits, costs, and risks of GMOs, focusing on local agricultural and environmental practices, rather than following developed countries.","PeriodicalId":331896,"journal":{"name":"Science, Technology, and Innovation for Sustainable Development Goals","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116917518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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