Sujatha Ramabhatta, Pushpalatha Kariyappa, M. Manjunath, Manjesh Kurupalya Annayappa
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare disorder in children characterised by immune dysregulation and is a potentially life threatening condition. Early initiation of therapy is found to reduce mortality in HLH. A high index of suspicion in children presenting with prolonged fever is needed for early diagnosis of HLH.
{"title":"Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in children- A case series","authors":"Sujatha Ramabhatta, Pushpalatha Kariyappa, M. Manjunath, Manjesh Kurupalya Annayappa","doi":"10.31021/IJII.20181105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31021/IJII.20181105","url":null,"abstract":"Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare disorder in children characterised by immune dysregulation and is a potentially life threatening condition. Early initiation of therapy is found to reduce mortality in HLH. A high index of suspicion in children presenting with prolonged fever is needed for early diagnosis of HLH.","PeriodicalId":332475,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunology and Immunobiology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114670733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Lissoni, G. Messina, F. Rovelli, F. Brivio, G. Fede
Despite it is known since more than 50 years that the pineal hormone melatonin (MLT) may play an anticancer activity, as confirmed by several experimental and clinical studies, the clinical use of MLT in the treatment of cancer is still at the beginning. Most clinical studies have been performed with MLT dose of 20 mg/once daily in the dark period. Preliminary clinical studies with MLT in untreatable advanced cancer patients have demonstrated an inhibitory effect on tumor progression, with a prolonged 1-year survival. However, at present it is still unknown whether the antitumor action of MLT may be a dose-dependent event in human neoplasms. This preliminary study was performed to evaluate the doseefficacy ratio of MLT in the treatment of human neoplasms. The study was performed in 14 consecutive metastatic solid tumor patients, for whom no other standard antitumor therapy was available. MLT was administered at a dose of 20 mg/day orally in the evening. In the case of progressive disease, MLT dose was progressively enhanced until 100 mg/day. MLT therapy at a dose of 20 mg/day induced a disease control in 7/145 patients, consisting of partial response (PR) in one patient and a stable disease (SD) in other 6 patients. After progression, dose increase of MLT until 100 mg induced again a SD in 6/14 (43%) and 1–year survival was achieved in 8/14 (56%). The results of this preliminary study would demonstrate that the antitumor activity of MLT may increase by increasing MLT dose, and then it seems to be a dose-dependent phenomenon.
{"title":"Dose-Dependency of Antitumor Effects of the Pineal Hormone Melatonin in Untreatable Metastatic Solid Tumor Patients","authors":"P. Lissoni, G. Messina, F. Rovelli, F. Brivio, G. Fede","doi":"10.31021/IJII.20181104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31021/IJII.20181104","url":null,"abstract":"Despite it is known since more than 50 years that the pineal hormone melatonin (MLT) may play an anticancer activity, as confirmed by several experimental and clinical studies, the clinical use of MLT in the treatment of cancer is still at the beginning. Most clinical studies have been performed with MLT dose of 20 mg/once daily in the dark period. Preliminary clinical studies with MLT in untreatable advanced cancer patients have demonstrated an inhibitory effect on tumor progression, with a prolonged 1-year survival. However, at present it is still unknown whether the antitumor action of MLT may be a dose-dependent event in human neoplasms. This preliminary study was performed to evaluate the doseefficacy ratio of MLT in the treatment of human neoplasms. The study was performed in 14 consecutive metastatic solid tumor patients, for whom no other standard antitumor therapy was available. MLT was administered at a dose of 20 mg/day orally in the evening. In the case of progressive disease, MLT dose was progressively enhanced until 100 mg/day. MLT therapy at a dose of 20 mg/day induced a disease control in 7/145 patients, consisting of partial response (PR) in one patient and a stable disease (SD) in other 6 patients. After progression, dose increase of MLT until 100 mg induced again a SD in 6/14 (43%) and 1–year survival was achieved in 8/14 (56%). The results of this preliminary study would demonstrate that the antitumor activity of MLT may increase by increasing MLT dose, and then it seems to be a dose-dependent phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":332475,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunology and Immunobiology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132917184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anslem Ajugwo, Philippe E Mounbegna, K. E. Dunga, R. Eze, T. Erhabor
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis C virus and Hepatitis B virus (HBV) are blood borne pathogens that can be transmitted through sexual contact, vertical transmission, and could pose great danger in healthcare delivery. Prevalence of co-infection of HIV, HBsAg and HCV was determined in pregnant women of African descent. One hundred (100) pregnant women of African descent were used for the study having obtained their consent and approval by the Research and Ethics committee. The screening and confirmatory tests were done using double check gold and Immunocomb II respectively while HBsAg and HCV were determined with one step test strip. Out of the one hundred (100) subjects studied, the prevalence rate was noted as 15%, 6% and 2% for HIV, HBsAg and HCV respectively. Co-infection of HIV and HBsAg was more prevalent, followed by co-infection of HIV and HCV and lastly co-infection of HBsAg and HCV. The age group of 25-29 years tested positive to HIV, HBsAg and HCV. All other age groups tested positive to HIV and either HBsAg or HCV while age group of 20-24 years tested positive to only HIV and negative to both HBsAg and HCV. Though these rates might be lower compared to previous studies, counseling and enlightenment campaigns should be sustained especially on the mode of transmission, prevention and management of these diseases. Government should ensure that compulsory screening for pregnant women is available and affordable at all levels. Introduction The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are a global public health problem. Different prevalence rates have been obtained from different studies around the world. However, the prevalence rate for the markers of these viruses among people is related to certain factors, such as socio-economic level and environmental factors. In general, low prevalence rates has been reported among populations in the industrialized world compared with the population recorded in the less industrialized world [1]. An estimated 350-400 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) while 190 million are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) [2]. Since the beginning of HIV epidemic, more than 70 million people have been infected with the HIV virus, while about 35 million people have died of HIV. At the end of 2016, 36.7 million people were living with HIV globally [3]. As a result of shared routes of transmission, HIV, HBV and HCV epidemics overlap, with around 10% of the HIV infected population estimated to have chronic HBV infection and around a third estimated to have chronic HCV infection [2]. Reduced haematological indices associated with anaemia and compromised immune system has been reported in HIV patients [4]. HBV ranges in severity from a mild illness, lasting a few weeks (acute), to a serious long term (chronic) illness that can lead to liver cirrhosis or cancer [5]. HVB infection is a serious health hazard in
{"title":"Co-infection of HIV, HBsAg and HCV Among Pregnant Women of African Descent","authors":"Anslem Ajugwo, Philippe E Mounbegna, K. E. Dunga, R. Eze, T. Erhabor","doi":"10.31021/ijii.20181103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31021/ijii.20181103","url":null,"abstract":"Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis C virus and Hepatitis B virus (HBV) are blood borne pathogens that can be transmitted through sexual contact, vertical transmission, and could pose great danger in healthcare delivery. Prevalence of co-infection of HIV, HBsAg and HCV was determined in pregnant women of African descent. One hundred (100) pregnant women of African descent were used for the study having obtained their consent and approval by the Research and Ethics committee. The screening and confirmatory tests were done using double check gold and Immunocomb II respectively while HBsAg and HCV were determined with one step test strip. Out of the one hundred (100) subjects studied, the prevalence rate was noted as 15%, 6% and 2% for HIV, HBsAg and HCV respectively. Co-infection of HIV and HBsAg was more prevalent, followed by co-infection of HIV and HCV and lastly co-infection of HBsAg and HCV. The age group of 25-29 years tested positive to HIV, HBsAg and HCV. All other age groups tested positive to HIV and either HBsAg or HCV while age group of 20-24 years tested positive to only HIV and negative to both HBsAg and HCV. Though these rates might be lower compared to previous studies, counseling and enlightenment campaigns should be sustained especially on the mode of transmission, prevention and management of these diseases. Government should ensure that compulsory screening for pregnant women is available and affordable at all levels. Introduction The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are a global public health problem. Different prevalence rates have been obtained from different studies around the world. However, the prevalence rate for the markers of these viruses among people is related to certain factors, such as socio-economic level and environmental factors. In general, low prevalence rates has been reported among populations in the industrialized world compared with the population recorded in the less industrialized world [1]. An estimated 350-400 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) while 190 million are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) [2]. Since the beginning of HIV epidemic, more than 70 million people have been infected with the HIV virus, while about 35 million people have died of HIV. At the end of 2016, 36.7 million people were living with HIV globally [3]. As a result of shared routes of transmission, HIV, HBV and HCV epidemics overlap, with around 10% of the HIV infected population estimated to have chronic HBV infection and around a third estimated to have chronic HCV infection [2]. Reduced haematological indices associated with anaemia and compromised immune system has been reported in HIV patients [4]. HBV ranges in severity from a mild illness, lasting a few weeks (acute), to a serious long term (chronic) illness that can lead to liver cirrhosis or cancer [5]. HVB infection is a serious health hazard in ","PeriodicalId":332475,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunology and Immunobiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123175324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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