A large body of economic research has shown the strong correlation between broadband connectivity and economic productivity. These findings motivate government agencies such as the FCC in the US to provide incentives to services providers to deploy broadband infrastructure in unserved or underserved areas. In this paper, we describe a framework for identifying target areas for network infrastructure deployment. Our approach considers (i) infrastructure availability, (ii) user demographics, and (iii) deployment costs. We use multi-objective optimization to identify geographic areas that have the largest concentrations of un/underserved users and that can be upgraded at the lowest cost. To demonstrate the efficacy of our framework, we consider physical infrastructure and demographic data from the US and two different deployment cost models. Our results identify a list of counties that would be attractive targets for broadband deployment from both cost and impact perspectives. We conclude with discussion on the implications and broader applications of our framework.
{"title":"A Techno-Economic Framework for Broadband Deployment in Underserved Areas","authors":"Ramakrishnan Durairajan, P. Barford","doi":"10.1145/2940157.2940159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2940157.2940159","url":null,"abstract":"A large body of economic research has shown the strong correlation between broadband connectivity and economic productivity. These findings motivate government agencies such as the FCC in the US to provide incentives to services providers to deploy broadband infrastructure in unserved or underserved areas. In this paper, we describe a framework for identifying target areas for network infrastructure deployment. Our approach considers (i) infrastructure availability, (ii) user demographics, and (iii) deployment costs. We use multi-objective optimization to identify geographic areas that have the largest concentrations of un/underserved users and that can be upgraded at the lowest cost. To demonstrate the efficacy of our framework, we consider physical infrastructure and demographic data from the US and two different deployment cost models. Our results identify a list of counties that would be attractive targets for broadband deployment from both cost and impact perspectives. We conclude with discussion on the implications and broader applications of our framework.","PeriodicalId":338267,"journal":{"name":"GAIA@SIGCOMM","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116646185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roger Baig, Lluís Dalmau, Ramon Roca, L. Navarro, Felix Freitag, A. Sathiaseelan
Community networks have flourished around the world as a complementary model for enabling access to the Internet and its services. Nevertheless there is still an on-going debate on how to make them sustainable and scaleable beyond the voluntary effort and non-refundable contributions. The approach taken by Guifi.net has been to enable professional activity and to develop a set of tools to ensure the reinvestment of a fraction of the benefits of this professional activity. This has contributed to build the largest community network, with an annual turnover of millions of Euros and creation of dozens of direct jobs. The implementation of these tools is producing extensive data sets that allow to characterize key parameters in the deployment and the operation of these infrastructures, to examine behaviours and trends and to identify good and bad practices, fraud, etc. A more detailed knowledge of the economic aspects has a positive impact on reducing the uncertainty of investments, expansion plans and operations.
{"title":"Making Community Networks economically sustainable, the guifi.net experience","authors":"Roger Baig, Lluís Dalmau, Ramon Roca, L. Navarro, Felix Freitag, A. Sathiaseelan","doi":"10.1145/2940157.2940163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2940157.2940163","url":null,"abstract":"Community networks have flourished around the world as a complementary model for enabling access to the Internet and its services. Nevertheless there is still an on-going debate on how to make them sustainable and scaleable beyond the voluntary effort and non-refundable contributions. The approach taken by Guifi.net has been to enable professional activity and to develop a set of tools to ensure the reinvestment of a fraction of the benefits of this professional activity. This has contributed to build the largest community network, with an annual turnover of millions of Euros and creation of dozens of direct jobs. The implementation of these tools is producing extensive data sets that allow to characterize key parameters in the deployment and the operation of these infrastructures, to examine behaviours and trends and to identify good and bad practices, fraud, etc. A more detailed knowledge of the economic aspects has a positive impact on reducing the uncertainty of investments, expansion plans and operations.","PeriodicalId":338267,"journal":{"name":"GAIA@SIGCOMM","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131293217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isabel Montes, M. Cruz, Augusto Remillano, Monica Kathrina Villanoy, Lopez Beltran, R. Ocampo, C. Festin
Cooperation through resource pooling may help deliver affordable connectivity to those without subscriptions and improve access bandwidth for those with existing connections. Using the concept of *bayanihan*, a Filipino expression for a deeply traditional and cultural type of cooperation, we designed and implemented the *BayanihaNets* access sharing network, a cooperative system that delivers connectivity through the practice of *bayanihan* among its users. It induces *bayanihan* by making sharing tangible to the users, through mechanisms that highlight the altruism they exercise in sharing connectivity and the negative impact of selfish actions, if any. Our strategy of promoting and enabling network resource sharing as a social activity is achieved through the use of the familiar interfaces, mechanisms and idiom from social networking applications: our approach may thus be described as social networking through social networking. We discuss our *bayanihan*-based design principles and present our initial experiments on bandwidth sharing in a controlled environment.
{"title":"Tangible Sharing, Invisible Mechanisms: The Design and Implementation of the BayanihaNets Access Sharing Network","authors":"Isabel Montes, M. Cruz, Augusto Remillano, Monica Kathrina Villanoy, Lopez Beltran, R. Ocampo, C. Festin","doi":"10.1145/2940157.2940161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2940157.2940161","url":null,"abstract":"Cooperation through resource pooling may help deliver affordable connectivity to those without subscriptions and improve access bandwidth for those with existing connections. Using the concept of *bayanihan*, a Filipino expression for a deeply traditional and cultural type of cooperation, we designed and implemented the *BayanihaNets* access sharing network, a cooperative system that delivers connectivity through the practice of *bayanihan* among its users. It induces *bayanihan* by making sharing tangible to the users, through mechanisms that highlight the altruism they exercise in sharing connectivity and the negative impact of selfish actions, if any. Our strategy of promoting and enabling network resource sharing as a social activity is achieved through the use of the familiar interfaces, mechanisms and idiom from social networking applications: our approach may thus be described as social networking through social networking. We discuss our *bayanihan*-based design principles and present our initial experiments on bandwidth sharing in a controlled environment.","PeriodicalId":338267,"journal":{"name":"GAIA@SIGCOMM","volume":"218 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128808183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Arcia-Moret, A. Sathiaseelan, M. Zennaro, Freddy Rondón, E. Pietrosemoli, D. Johnson
TV White Spaces have recently been proposed as an alternative to alleviate the spectrum crunch, characterised by the need to reallocate frequency bands to accommodate the ever-growing demand for wireless communications. In this article, we discuss the motivations and challenges for collecting spectrum measurements in developing regions and discuss a scalable system for the crowds to gather and provide access to White Spaces information through open and regionalised repositories. We further discuss two relevant aspects. Firstly, we propose a cooperative mechanism for sensing spectrum availability using a detector approach. Secondly, we propose a strategy (and an architecture) on the database side to implement spectrum governance. Other aspects of the work include discussion of an extensive measurement campaign showing a number of white spaces in developing regions, an overview of our experience on low-cost spectrum analysers, and the architecture of Zebra−RFO, an application for processing crowd-sourced spectrum data.
{"title":"Open and regionalised spectrum repositories for emerging countries","authors":"A. Arcia-Moret, A. Sathiaseelan, M. Zennaro, Freddy Rondón, E. Pietrosemoli, D. Johnson","doi":"10.1145/2940157.2940160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2940157.2940160","url":null,"abstract":"TV White Spaces have recently been proposed as an alternative to alleviate the spectrum crunch, characterised by the need to reallocate frequency bands to accommodate the ever-growing demand for wireless communications. In this article, we discuss the motivations and challenges for collecting spectrum measurements in developing regions and discuss a scalable system for the crowds to gather and provide access to White Spaces information through open and regionalised repositories. We further discuss two relevant aspects. Firstly, we propose a cooperative mechanism for sensing spectrum availability using a detector approach. Secondly, we propose a strategy (and an architecture) on the database side to implement spectrum governance. Other aspects of the work include discussion of an extensive measurement campaign showing a number of white spaces in developing regions, an overview of our experience on low-cost spectrum analysers, and the architecture of Zebra−RFO, an application for processing crowd-sourced spectrum data.","PeriodicalId":338267,"journal":{"name":"GAIA@SIGCOMM","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134470274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oluwakayode Onireti, M. Imran, Junaid Qadir, A. Sathiaseelan
Internet has shown itself to be a catalyst for economic growth and social equity but its potency is thwarted by the fact that the Internet is off limits for the vast majority of human beings. Mobile phones—the fastest growing technology in the world that now reaches around 80% of humanity—can enable universal Internet access if it can resolve coverage problems that have historically plagued previous cellular architectures (2G, 3G, and 4G). These conventional architectures have not been able to sustain universal service provisioning since these architectures depend on having enough users per cell for their economic viability and thus are not well suited to rural areas (which are by definition sparsely populated). The new generation of mobile cellular technology (5G), currently in a formative phase and expected to be finalized around 2020, is aimed at orders of magnitude performance enhancement. 5G offers a clean slate to network designers and can be molded into an architecture also amenable to universal Internet provisioning. Keeping in mind the great social benefits of democratizing Internet and connectivity, we believe that the time is ripe for emphasizing universal Internet provisioning as an important goal on the 5G research agenda. In this paper, we investigate the opportunities and challenges in utilizing 5G for global access to the Internet for all (GAIA). We have also identified the major technical issues involved in a 5G-based GAIA solution and have set up a future research agenda by defining open research problems.
{"title":"Will 5G See its Blind Side? Evolving 5G for Universal Internet Access","authors":"Oluwakayode Onireti, M. Imran, Junaid Qadir, A. Sathiaseelan","doi":"10.1145/2940157.2940158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2940157.2940158","url":null,"abstract":"Internet has shown itself to be a catalyst for economic growth and social equity but its potency is thwarted by the fact that the Internet is off limits for the vast majority of human beings. Mobile phones—the fastest growing technology in the world that now reaches around 80% of humanity—can enable universal Internet access if it can resolve coverage problems that have historically plagued previous cellular architectures (2G, 3G, and 4G). These conventional architectures have not been able to sustain universal service provisioning since these architectures depend on having enough users per cell for their economic viability and thus are not well suited to rural areas (which are by definition sparsely populated). The new generation of mobile cellular technology (5G), currently in a formative phase and expected to be finalized around 2020, is aimed at orders of magnitude performance enhancement. 5G offers a clean slate to network designers and can be molded into an architecture also amenable to universal Internet provisioning. Keeping in mind the great social benefits of democratizing Internet and connectivity, we believe that the time is ripe for emphasizing universal Internet provisioning as an important goal on the 5G research agenda. In this paper, we investigate the opportunities and challenges in utilizing 5G for global access to the Internet for all (GAIA). We have also identified the major technical issues involved in a 5G-based GAIA solution and have set up a future research agenda by defining open research problems.","PeriodicalId":338267,"journal":{"name":"GAIA@SIGCOMM","volume":"183 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122086844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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