{"title":"Basic Principles of Laminar Airflow","authors":"G. B. Phillips, R. S. Runkle","doi":"10.1201/9780429260452-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429260452-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":339353,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Applications of Laminar Airflow","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132869979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Evaluations analyse and assess goal achievement and the effects of measures. Irrespective of its scope, funding and time frame an evaluation can support decision makers and the practice to objectively review and, if necessary, systematically improve the accuracy and effectiveness of measures, strategies and other subject matters. One question frequently asked is which methodical requirements are to be met under practical conditions in order to enable an evaluation to perform such tasks reliably, competently and professionally. The position paper at hand is meant to be a summary of central answers to this question. It is primarily aimed at individuals and institutions in charge of commissioning evaluations, accounting for them or utilizing their results as well as at the interested public.
{"title":"Methods of Evaluation","authors":"G. Briggs Phillips, R. S. Runkle","doi":"10.1201/9780429260452-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429260452-3","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluations analyse and assess goal achievement and the effects of measures. Irrespective of its scope, funding and time frame an evaluation can support decision makers and the practice to objectively review and, if necessary, systematically improve the accuracy and effectiveness of measures, strategies and other subject matters. One question frequently asked is which methodical requirements are to be met under practical conditions in order to enable an evaluation to perform such tasks reliably, competently and professionally. The position paper at hand is meant to be a summary of central answers to this question. It is primarily aimed at individuals and institutions in charge of commissioning evaluations, accounting for them or utilizing their results as well as at the interested public.","PeriodicalId":339353,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Applications of Laminar Airflow","volume":"259 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133168259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Major Applications in Laminar Flow in Biomedicine","authors":"G. B. Phillips, R. S. Runkle","doi":"10.1201/9780429260452-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429260452-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":339353,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Applications of Laminar Airflow","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128764739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Practical Aspects of Laminar Airflow Equipment","authors":"G. B. Phillips, R. S. Runkle","doi":"10.1201/9780429260452-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429260452-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":339353,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Applications of Laminar Airflow","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128658144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In this chapter, we conclude and identify areas for future research. We stress three points. First, automation is challenging any competitive advantage of low-cost labor of late developers. Second, due to low levels of skills, the labor force in many developing countries is vulnerable to replacement by labor-saving technology. Wage stagnation and premature deindustrialization are already unfolding—however, unemployment is not (yet) the main problem of technological change. Third, we need to ask different policy and research questions and be concerned about the jobs impact of technology and the political economy of automation rather than just automatability in principle. In that vein, the Lewis model and surplus labor theory could once more help us understand the dynamics of economic development and structural transformation.
{"title":"Conclusions","authors":"G. Phillips, R. S. Runkle","doi":"10.1201/9780429260452-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429260452-6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this chapter, we conclude and identify areas for future research. We stress three points. First, automation is challenging any competitive advantage of low-cost labor of late developers. Second, due to low levels of skills, the labor force in many developing countries is vulnerable to replacement by labor-saving technology. Wage stagnation and premature deindustrialization are already unfolding—however, unemployment is not (yet) the main problem of technological change. Third, we need to ask different policy and research questions and be concerned about the jobs impact of technology and the political economy of automation rather than just automatability in principle. In that vein, the Lewis model and surplus labor theory could once more help us understand the dynamics of economic development and structural transformation.","PeriodicalId":339353,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Applications of Laminar Airflow","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115786783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Background","authors":"G. Phillips, R. S. Runkle","doi":"10.1201/9780429260452-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429260452-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":339353,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Applications of Laminar Airflow","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129624828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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