All DC/DC converters from Ericsson Power modules have a built-in output fi lter, which mainly consists of L and C elements. However, in some applications there is a requirement for better ripple performance than what the product is specifi ed for. This design note is intended to be a design guideline and describes the steps to design a simple LC fi lter aimed to reduce the fundamental output ripple of our DC/DC modules. Other parameters such as cost, component availability and size should also be taken in consideration when designing the fi lter. Capacitors There is no perfect capacitor. The equivalent circuit below of a capacitors is above. R1 (ESR) value will decide performance of attenuation and not only the capacitance value. L value will affect max operating frequency for the capacitor. The impedance of a capacitors is: X C = 1/ (2* π * f * C. Inductors There is no perfect inductor. You will have the parasitic elements R1 and C1. R1 will lower the effi ciency due to resistive losses. C1 will conduct high frequencies due to capacitive coupling between windings and lower the usable frequency range. The impedance for the inductor is: X L = 2 * π * frequency * L. The fi rst step is to choose an inductor. The current rating of the inductor has to be equal to or larger than the maximum output current of the converter. The induc-tor must not be saturated. If the inductor saturates the inductance will decrease and the output ripple will increase. Remember that the inductance has a negative in-fl uence on the dynamic load response. If the inductance is high the dynamic response will be slower. It often requires a small value to achieve the desired damping of the output ripple. Selecting a large inductor will require a large capacitor in order to counteract the large voltage drops caused by load transients. The next step is to choose a capacitor. The aim here is to select a capacitor with as high a value as possible with considerations taken to voltage ratings, size, cost and dynamic response. The added cost, for choosing a higher value of the capacitance than the minimum required , is usually compensated for by the enhanced performance , in terms of ripple and dynamic load response, of the fi lter and should be considered when selecting components. The following equation is used …
爱立信电源模块的所有DC/DC转换器都有一个内置的输出滤波器，主要由L和C元素组成。然而，在某些应用中，需要比产品指定的更好的纹波性能。本设计说明旨在作为设计指南，描述设计简单LC滤波器的步骤，旨在减少DC/DC模块的基本输出纹波。在设计滤波器时，还应考虑成本、元件可用性和尺寸等其他参数。没有完美的电容器。下面的电容等效电路在上面。R1 (ESR)值将决定衰减性能，而不仅仅是电容值。L值将影响电容器的最大工作频率。电容器的阻抗为:X C = 1/ (2* π * f * C)。你会得到寄生元件R1和C1。R1会由于电阻损耗而降低效率。由于绕组之间的电容耦合，C1将传导高频率，并降低可用频率范围。电感的阻抗为:X L = 2 * π *频率* L.第一步是选择电感。电感的额定电流必须等于或大于变换器的最大输出电流。电感器不能饱和。如果电感饱和，电感将减少，输出纹波将增加。记住，电感对动态负载响应有负影响。如果电感高，动态响应会变慢。它通常需要一个小的值来实现输出纹波的期望阻尼。选择一个大的电感将需要一个大的电容器，以抵消负载瞬变引起的大电压降。下一步是选择电容器。此处的目的是在考虑额定电压、尺寸、成本和动态响应的情况下，选择具有尽可能高值的电容器。选择比最小要求更高的电容值所增加的成本通常由滤波器的纹波和动态负载响应方面的增强性能来补偿，在选择元件时应考虑到这一点。使用下面的等式…
{"title":"LC Filter Design","authors":"P. Geffe","doi":"10.1201/9781003069201-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003069201-5","url":null,"abstract":"All DC/DC converters from Ericsson Power modules have a built-in output fi lter, which mainly consists of L and C elements. However, in some applications there is a requirement for better ripple performance than what the product is specifi ed for. This design note is intended to be a design guideline and describes the steps to design a simple LC fi lter aimed to reduce the fundamental output ripple of our DC/DC modules. Other parameters such as cost, component availability and size should also be taken in consideration when designing the fi lter. Capacitors There is no perfect capacitor. The equivalent circuit below of a capacitors is above. R1 (ESR) value will decide performance of attenuation and not only the capacitance value. L value will affect max operating frequency for the capacitor. The impedance of a capacitors is: X C = 1/ (2* π * f * C. Inductors There is no perfect inductor. You will have the parasitic elements R1 and C1. R1 will lower the effi ciency due to resistive losses. C1 will conduct high frequencies due to capacitive coupling between windings and lower the usable frequency range. The impedance for the inductor is: X L = 2 * π * frequency * L. The fi rst step is to choose an inductor. The current rating of the inductor has to be equal to or larger than the maximum output current of the converter. The induc-tor must not be saturated. If the inductor saturates the inductance will decrease and the output ripple will increase. Remember that the inductance has a negative in-fl uence on the dynamic load response. If the inductance is high the dynamic response will be slower. It often requires a small value to achieve the desired damping of the output ripple. Selecting a large inductor will require a large capacitor in order to counteract the large voltage drops caused by load transients. The next step is to choose a capacitor. The aim here is to select a capacitor with as high a value as possible with considerations taken to voltage ratings, size, cost and dynamic response. The added cost, for choosing a higher value of the capacitance than the minimum required , is usually compensated for by the enhanced performance , in terms of ripple and dynamic load response, of the fi lter and should be considered when selecting components. The following equation is used …","PeriodicalId":340035,"journal":{"name":"CRC Handbook of ELECTRICAL FILTERS","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115580737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-25DOI: 10.1201/9781003069201-14
M. de Campos, A. Antoniou
{"title":"Adaptive Filters","authors":"M. de Campos, A. Antoniou","doi":"10.1201/9781003069201-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003069201-14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":340035,"journal":{"name":"CRC Handbook of ELECTRICAL FILTERS","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115480570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-25DOI: 10.1201/9781003069201-25
Robert A. Johnson
{"title":"Mechanical Filters","authors":"Robert A. Johnson","doi":"10.1201/9781003069201-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003069201-25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":340035,"journal":{"name":"CRC Handbook of ELECTRICAL FILTERS","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125549279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-25DOI: 10.1201/9781003069201-11
A. Antoniou
{"title":"Introduction to Digital Filters","authors":"A. Antoniou","doi":"10.1201/9781003069201-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003069201-11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":340035,"journal":{"name":"CRC Handbook of ELECTRICAL FILTERS","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131778780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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