Pub Date : 2023-07-21DOI: 10.17501/26138417.2023.6106
S. Bangura, ME Lourens
: As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic economy, health, and care systems were disrupted and this affected and shaped the future of work. The pandemic augmented many trends in employee work arrangement that had a major impact on businesses and employee health and safety and one of these trends is hybrid work arrangement. Globally, employers, government officials, health organisations, unions, and professional associations struggled to stay compliant. Occupational exposure and working conditions can have an undesirable or positive effect on the safety, health, and well-being of workers. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the effect of post-COVID office hybrid work arrangement on employee health and safety: a case study of Uni4 Online Westville Durban South Africa. Taking into consideration the aim of the study the following objectives guide the study i) to understand what hybrid work arrangement is. ii) to understand how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected employee work arrangement, iii) determine the perceived challenges and opportunities in the application of hybrid work arrangement iv) make recommendations on the effective application of hybrid work arrangement at Uni4 Online Westville Durban South Africa. For this study, a secondary approach to data collection was undertaken. In this regard a total of 15 relevant articles were searched from different databases and search engines, The keywords were explored in three databases namely, Google Scholar, Ebsco-host, and Emerald. The findings from the literature showed that post-COVID hybrid work arrangements can affect workers psychologically because physical distancing through staying at home contributes to isolation and a lack of distinction between work life and home life. Furthermore, it was deduced that hybrid work arrangement creates challenges for workers because it creates fewer opportunities for career development and promotions because of weakened ties. In addition, workers in a hybrid work arrangement who were more dependent on others and generally received more feedback had fewer positive appraisals than those with more independent roles. The study recommends that both employees and managers need to develop new skills and capabilities to adjust to the new ways of working and utilising the prospects of Post COVID hybrid work. Also, firms should be concerned about sustainability implications when developing guidelines for Post COVID hybrid work, both in terms of social and ecological aspects.
由于2019冠状病毒病大流行，经济、卫生和保健系统受到破坏，这影响并塑造了未来的工作。大流行加剧了员工工作安排的许多趋势，这些趋势对企业和员工的健康与安全产生了重大影响，其中一个趋势是混合工作安排。在全球范围内，雇主、政府官员、卫生组织、工会和专业协会都在努力保持合规。职业接触和工作条件可能对工人的安全、健康和福利产生不良或积极的影响。因此，本研究旨在分析后covid办公室混合工作安排对员工健康和安全的影响:以南非德班韦斯特维尔Uni4在线为例。考虑到研究的目的，以下目标指导研究i)了解什么是混合工作安排。ii)了解2019冠状病毒病大流行如何影响员工的工作安排，iii)确定混合工作安排应用中感知到的挑战和机遇，iv)就混合工作安排在Uni4 Online Westville South Africa的有效应用提出建议。在这项研究中，采用了第二种收集数据的方法。在不同的数据库和搜索引擎中检索了15篇相关文章，关键词在Google Scholar、Ebsco-host和Emerald三个数据库中进行了探索。文献研究结果表明，新冠肺炎后的混合工作安排会对员工产生心理影响，因为呆在家里造成的身体距离会导致孤立，工作生活和家庭生活缺乏区分。此外，该研究还推断，混合工作安排给员工带来了挑战，因为由于关系弱化，它创造了更少的职业发展和晋升机会。此外，在混合工作安排下，那些更依赖他人、通常得到更多反馈的员工，比那些角色更独立的员工得到的积极评价更少。该研究建议，员工和管理人员都需要发展新的技能和能力，以适应新的工作方式，并利用新冠肺炎后混合工作的前景。此外，在为新冠肺炎后的混合工作制定指导方针时，企业应关注可持续性影响，包括社会和生态方面。
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF POST-COVID OFFICE HYBRID WORK ARRANGEMENT ON EMPLOYEE HEALTH AND SAFETY: A CASE STUDY OF UNI4 ONLINE WESTVILLE DURBAN SOUTH AFRICA","authors":"S. Bangura, ME Lourens","doi":"10.17501/26138417.2023.6106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17501/26138417.2023.6106","url":null,"abstract":": As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic economy, health, and care systems were disrupted and this affected and shaped the future of work. The pandemic augmented many trends in employee work arrangement that had a major impact on businesses and employee health and safety and one of these trends is hybrid work arrangement. Globally, employers, government officials, health organisations, unions, and professional associations struggled to stay compliant. Occupational exposure and working conditions can have an undesirable or positive effect on the safety, health, and well-being of workers. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the effect of post-COVID office hybrid work arrangement on employee health and safety: a case study of Uni4 Online Westville Durban South Africa. Taking into consideration the aim of the study the following objectives guide the study i) to understand what hybrid work arrangement is. ii) to understand how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected employee work arrangement, iii) determine the perceived challenges and opportunities in the application of hybrid work arrangement iv) make recommendations on the effective application of hybrid work arrangement at Uni4 Online Westville Durban South Africa. For this study, a secondary approach to data collection was undertaken. In this regard a total of 15 relevant articles were searched from different databases and search engines, The keywords were explored in three databases namely, Google Scholar, Ebsco-host, and Emerald. The findings from the literature showed that post-COVID hybrid work arrangements can affect workers psychologically because physical distancing through staying at home contributes to isolation and a lack of distinction between work life and home life. Furthermore, it was deduced that hybrid work arrangement creates challenges for workers because it creates fewer opportunities for career development and promotions because of weakened ties. In addition, workers in a hybrid work arrangement who were more dependent on others and generally received more feedback had fewer positive appraisals than those with more independent roles. The study recommends that both employees and managers need to develop new skills and capabilities to adjust to the new ways of working and utilising the prospects of Post COVID hybrid work. Also, firms should be concerned about sustainability implications when developing guidelines for Post COVID hybrid work, both in terms of social and ecological aspects.","PeriodicalId":348869,"journal":{"name":"The global public health conference","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115642183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-21DOI: 10.17501/26138417.2023.6101
P. Paudel, J. Thapa, Y. Marasini, B. Timilsina, Sk K. Shah
: The management of healthcare waste, known as Health Care Waste Management (HCWM), is an essential component of maintaining hygiene and proper upkeep within health facilities. This includes tasks such as the collection, transportation, treatment, and disposal of waste. Unfortunately, in developing countries like Nepal, poor HCWM practices pose a significant public health risk. Sadly, HCWM has not been prioritized, and has only received sporadic attention in recent years. In numerous instances, healthcare waste is disposed of through burning in metal drums or openly, leading to the release of toxic by-products into the environment. In Nepal, inadequate HCWM practices contribute to a range of health hazards, such as needle stick injuries (NSI) or other sharps injuries that can cause Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and HIV, as well as other health risks such as hemorrhagic fevers, skin infections, and gastroenteric infections. This study aimed to assess the practices of Health Care Waste Management (HCWM) in a specifically chosen health facility (HF) located in the Kailali district of Nepal. The research employed a descriptive cross-sectional study design and a quantitative method, in addition to a review and analysis of relevant
{"title":"HEALTHCARE WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN SELECTED HEALTHCARE FACILITIES: A QUANTITATIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL DESCRIPTIVE STUDY","authors":"P. Paudel, J. Thapa, Y. Marasini, B. Timilsina, Sk K. Shah","doi":"10.17501/26138417.2023.6101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17501/26138417.2023.6101","url":null,"abstract":": The management of healthcare waste, known as Health Care Waste Management (HCWM), is an essential component of maintaining hygiene and proper upkeep within health facilities. This includes tasks such as the collection, transportation, treatment, and disposal of waste. Unfortunately, in developing countries like Nepal, poor HCWM practices pose a significant public health risk. Sadly, HCWM has not been prioritized, and has only received sporadic attention in recent years. In numerous instances, healthcare waste is disposed of through burning in metal drums or openly, leading to the release of toxic by-products into the environment. In Nepal, inadequate HCWM practices contribute to a range of health hazards, such as needle stick injuries (NSI) or other sharps injuries that can cause Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and HIV, as well as other health risks such as hemorrhagic fevers, skin infections, and gastroenteric infections. This study aimed to assess the practices of Health Care Waste Management (HCWM) in a specifically chosen health facility (HF) located in the Kailali district of Nepal. The research employed a descriptive cross-sectional study design and a quantitative method, in addition to a review and analysis of relevant","PeriodicalId":348869,"journal":{"name":"The global public health conference","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132706018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-21DOI: 10.17501/26138417.2023.6109
C. Pai, S. Utamsing, D. Bayardorj, A. Harugop, V. Gore
: The emerging epidemic of COVID-19 Associated Mucormycosis(CAM) has been recognized as a significant global public health threat. India accounted for majority of the globally detected CAM cases especially during the second wave of the pandemic in 2021. A severe form of invasive CAM called Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) led to high mortality and morbidity especially in COVID patients with predisposing factors causing immunosuppression such as diabetes mellitus, malignancies, and steroid therapy. This study was carried out to describe the demographic features as well as analyze the comorbidities and outcomes of patients diagnosed with CAM and to provide an umbrella review of published global systematic reviews on CAM with special reference to ROCM. In this case series report, we have noted the findings and outcomes of 12 COVID patients with CAM treated at two different tertiary care hospitals in India. All were males, with an average age of 54.25 years. 66.6% had invasive ROCM and 91.7% had poorly controlled diabetes. All received liposomal amphotericin B, 58.3% underwent surgical interventions and the mortality rate was 33.3%. We also conducted an umbrella review of systematic reviews reported from 2020-2022. PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Google scholar databases and the PRISMA 2020 checklist were used to refine retrieval and review based on our study criteria. Common patterns were noted regarding the predisposing factors and treatment outcomes. Good glycemic control, the regulated use of steroids, proper decontamination of oxygen cylinders and the hospital environment as well as avoidance of overzealous use of steam inhalation have been proposed as important measures to control this epidemic.
{"title":"COVID-19 ASSOCIATED MUCORMYCOSIS: A CASE SERIES REPORT AND AN UMBRELLA REVIEW","authors":"C. Pai, S. Utamsing, D. Bayardorj, A. Harugop, V. Gore","doi":"10.17501/26138417.2023.6109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17501/26138417.2023.6109","url":null,"abstract":": The emerging epidemic of COVID-19 Associated Mucormycosis(CAM) has been recognized as a significant global public health threat. India accounted for majority of the globally detected CAM cases especially during the second wave of the pandemic in 2021. A severe form of invasive CAM called Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) led to high mortality and morbidity especially in COVID patients with predisposing factors causing immunosuppression such as diabetes mellitus, malignancies, and steroid therapy. This study was carried out to describe the demographic features as well as analyze the comorbidities and outcomes of patients diagnosed with CAM and to provide an umbrella review of published global systematic reviews on CAM with special reference to ROCM. In this case series report, we have noted the findings and outcomes of 12 COVID patients with CAM treated at two different tertiary care hospitals in India. All were males, with an average age of 54.25 years. 66.6% had invasive ROCM and 91.7% had poorly controlled diabetes. All received liposomal amphotericin B, 58.3% underwent surgical interventions and the mortality rate was 33.3%. We also conducted an umbrella review of systematic reviews reported from 2020-2022. PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Google scholar databases and the PRISMA 2020 checklist were used to refine retrieval and review based on our study criteria. Common patterns were noted regarding the predisposing factors and treatment outcomes. Good glycemic control, the regulated use of steroids, proper decontamination of oxygen cylinders and the hospital environment as well as avoidance of overzealous use of steam inhalation have been proposed as important measures to control this epidemic.","PeriodicalId":348869,"journal":{"name":"The global public health conference","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126676962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-21DOI: 10.17501/26138417.2023.6103
A. Zahira, W. Dardjono
: Studies found that in low-middle-income countries, many people changed their lifestyle into a modern and industrialized lifestyle. Eating habits inevitably induced by personal food choice which has an independent effect on health. Establishment of eating habits and preferences mostly occurred in young age. Eating habits during adolescence period may sustain until adulthood with consequences for long-term health problem. This project aims to develop community-based intervention programme to tackle this adolescent food choice problem, and examine the effectiveness of a selected method in a sub-urban area in Serang district, Banten, Indonesia. A research on factors that drive food choice motives on adolescents was conducted through a focus group discussion, analysed by thematic analysis. Intervention program recommendation was then formulated by intervention mapping method. To examine the effectiveness of nudging application in minimarket, an experiment with customer acceptance and shopping motives survey was executed and analysed by SPSS. The results of the research show that behaviour of target groups is determined mostly by low self-regulation, family and peer influence, and limited food preparation time. Some intervention recommendations were developed to address these determinants, e.g. family-based intervention, peer-led intervention, and school collaboration. Culturally-sensitive learning environments could also be examined to ensure the effectiveness of nutrition education in that area. Nudging as one of assumed appropriate method to tackle an impulsive behaviour seemed to be not effective in increasing healthy product sales (p=0,741; p=0,316; p=0,342; p=0,247) but the customers showed a positive attitude towards its future application.
{"title":"NUDGING HEALTHIER PRODUCT CHOICE: FORMULATION OF ADOLESCENTS FOOD-CHOICE MOTIVES INTERVENTION IN SERANG DISTRICT, INDONESIA","authors":"A. Zahira, W. Dardjono","doi":"10.17501/26138417.2023.6103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17501/26138417.2023.6103","url":null,"abstract":": Studies found that in low-middle-income countries, many people changed their lifestyle into a modern and industrialized lifestyle. Eating habits inevitably induced by personal food choice which has an independent effect on health. Establishment of eating habits and preferences mostly occurred in young age. Eating habits during adolescence period may sustain until adulthood with consequences for long-term health problem. This project aims to develop community-based intervention programme to tackle this adolescent food choice problem, and examine the effectiveness of a selected method in a sub-urban area in Serang district, Banten, Indonesia. A research on factors that drive food choice motives on adolescents was conducted through a focus group discussion, analysed by thematic analysis. Intervention program recommendation was then formulated by intervention mapping method. To examine the effectiveness of nudging application in minimarket, an experiment with customer acceptance and shopping motives survey was executed and analysed by SPSS. The results of the research show that behaviour of target groups is determined mostly by low self-regulation, family and peer influence, and limited food preparation time. Some intervention recommendations were developed to address these determinants, e.g. family-based intervention, peer-led intervention, and school collaboration. Culturally-sensitive learning environments could also be examined to ensure the effectiveness of nutrition education in that area. Nudging as one of assumed appropriate method to tackle an impulsive behaviour seemed to be not effective in increasing healthy product sales (p=0,741; p=0,316; p=0,342; p=0,247) but the customers showed a positive attitude towards its future application.","PeriodicalId":348869,"journal":{"name":"The global public health conference","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133592828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-21DOI: 10.17501/26138417.2023.6104
HD Anggraheny, TK Setyorini
id
id
{"title":"BREASTFEEDING DURATION AS A PREDICTOR RELATED TO THE INCIDENCE OF EATING DIFFICULTIES IN CHILDREN AGED 24-36 MONTHS","authors":"HD Anggraheny, TK Setyorini","doi":"10.17501/26138417.2023.6104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17501/26138417.2023.6104","url":null,"abstract":"id","PeriodicalId":348869,"journal":{"name":"The global public health conference","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129853483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-21DOI: 10.17501/26138417.2023.6107
JJ Larion, C. Pai
: Ventilator-associated pneumonia has been a well-known complication in the intensive care unit (ICU) and continues to be a real threat in patients infected with coronavirus disease (COVID-19), particularly in those that progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with subsequent mechanical ventilation. Through a global perspective, this descriptive study was aimed at describing the patterns of co-infection with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in patients with COVID-19 ARDS. The global incidence rate of VAP in COVID-19 patients on mechanical ventilation was determined to be 41.2% supported by extended time spent on mechanical ventilation, increase in mortality rate, and the emergence of drug-resistant microbes. These outcomes are accompanied by the concomitant presence of previous antimicrobial use, invasive respiratory operations due to COVID-19 ARDS, and in some cases, corticosteroid treatment. The results of our findings add to the emergent threat of VAP as an important nosocomial infection as the COVID-19 pandemic persists.
{"title":"THE GLOBAL EMERGENCE OF VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA (VAP) IN THE ERA OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY","authors":"JJ Larion, C. Pai","doi":"10.17501/26138417.2023.6107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17501/26138417.2023.6107","url":null,"abstract":": Ventilator-associated pneumonia has been a well-known complication in the intensive care unit (ICU) and continues to be a real threat in patients infected with coronavirus disease (COVID-19), particularly in those that progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with subsequent mechanical ventilation. Through a global perspective, this descriptive study was aimed at describing the patterns of co-infection with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in patients with COVID-19 ARDS. The global incidence rate of VAP in COVID-19 patients on mechanical ventilation was determined to be 41.2% supported by extended time spent on mechanical ventilation, increase in mortality rate, and the emergence of drug-resistant microbes. These outcomes are accompanied by the concomitant presence of previous antimicrobial use, invasive respiratory operations due to COVID-19 ARDS, and in some cases, corticosteroid treatment. The results of our findings add to the emergent threat of VAP as an important nosocomial infection as the COVID-19 pandemic persists.","PeriodicalId":348869,"journal":{"name":"The global public health conference","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125423559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-21DOI: 10.17501/26138417.2023.6108
H. Finnane, C. Pai
: Despite approved vaccines against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) having been available for more than a year, low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) have been unequally affected by low vaccination coverage. The overarching goal of the COVID-19 Vaccine Global Access (COVAX) mission is to ensure that all countries can secure enough doses to vaccinate 20% of their population before any one country vaccinates more than 20% of their population. However, limited resources, poor infrastructure and constrained financial capabilities have contributed to challenges in producing, acquiring, and distributing vaccines amongst developing nations. This review was aimed at identifying inequalities and proposing mitigation measures to minimize disparities in access and distribution of COVID-19 vaccines in LMICs. A narrative literature review of scientific papers published during 2020-2022 was carried out accessing databases including Google Scholar and Medline (PubMed). Factors affecting access to COVID-19 vaccine research, manufacturing, procurement, and deployment capabilities were studied. The results revealed that the combined populations in LMICs that make up 84% of the global population were able to secure only 30% of the COVID vaccine doses produced in 2021. Alternatively, high-income countries make up 16% of the global population and had purchased 70% of vaccine doses produced in 2021. The causes were multifactorial and included challenges involving production, procurement and allocation, deployment, accessibility, and vaccine hesitancy. Mitigation measures include better manufacturing or procurement capabilities based on shared intellectual property and aid as well as better storage systems for temperature-sensitive vaccine deployment. Vaccine hesitancy can be mitigated by leveraging the influences of well-informed health care workers, social workers, political, religious and community leaders who can help dispel misinformation and improve vaccine acceptance among the masses. Reducing disparities in vaccination coverage of LMICs is an important step towards the global progress in combating the pandemic and especially in preventing the spread of potential viral variants.
{"title":"INEQUALITIES IN ACCESS TO COVID-19 VACCINES AND POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS FOR LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES","authors":"H. Finnane, C. Pai","doi":"10.17501/26138417.2023.6108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17501/26138417.2023.6108","url":null,"abstract":": Despite approved vaccines against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) having been available for more than a year, low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) have been unequally affected by low vaccination coverage. The overarching goal of the COVID-19 Vaccine Global Access (COVAX) mission is to ensure that all countries can secure enough doses to vaccinate 20% of their population before any one country vaccinates more than 20% of their population. However, limited resources, poor infrastructure and constrained financial capabilities have contributed to challenges in producing, acquiring, and distributing vaccines amongst developing nations. This review was aimed at identifying inequalities and proposing mitigation measures to minimize disparities in access and distribution of COVID-19 vaccines in LMICs. A narrative literature review of scientific papers published during 2020-2022 was carried out accessing databases including Google Scholar and Medline (PubMed). Factors affecting access to COVID-19 vaccine research, manufacturing, procurement, and deployment capabilities were studied. The results revealed that the combined populations in LMICs that make up 84% of the global population were able to secure only 30% of the COVID vaccine doses produced in 2021. Alternatively, high-income countries make up 16% of the global population and had purchased 70% of vaccine doses produced in 2021. The causes were multifactorial and included challenges involving production, procurement and allocation, deployment, accessibility, and vaccine hesitancy. Mitigation measures include better manufacturing or procurement capabilities based on shared intellectual property and aid as well as better storage systems for temperature-sensitive vaccine deployment. Vaccine hesitancy can be mitigated by leveraging the influences of well-informed health care workers, social workers, political, religious and community leaders who can help dispel misinformation and improve vaccine acceptance among the masses. Reducing disparities in vaccination coverage of LMICs is an important step towards the global progress in combating the pandemic and especially in preventing the spread of potential viral variants.","PeriodicalId":348869,"journal":{"name":"The global public health conference","volume":"403 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122857926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-21DOI: 10.17501/26138417.2023.6105
Meh Mohamed, M. Mukhtar, ME Hamad, AA Daffalla
: Scarce information is available regarding the incidence, prevalence, diagnosis, and management outcomes of Multi Drug Resistant-Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Sudan. This study aimed to assess MDR-TB diagnosis, management, treatment outcomes and predictors of treatment in Abu-Anga TB Reference Hospital in Sudan between the period 2015 - 2021. A retrospective facility-based study was conducted on the records of 60 patients with MDR-TB. Twenty-three patients with complete file records were enrolled in the study. Data collected from the hospital registry of the 23 MDR-TB case files was analyzed using (SPSS. Ver 24). Descriptive analysis was also used for counts percentages. Results of the study participants showed that among the 23 patients, multiple drug resistance type had the highest percentage (39.1%), Rifampicin resistance was (21.7%), poly-drug resistance represented (26%) with the Pre-XDR percentage (8.7%) and XDR types being at the lowest percentages (4.3%). The outcome of the treatment indicated that 10 patients (43.4%) were cured, 6 patients (26%) were lost to follow up, 4 patients (17.4 %) failed treatment, and 3 (13%) patients died. The findings of this study indicated that good outcome predictors were the adoption of Directly Observed Treatment Strategy, hospitalization treatment model, and in-patient treatment with family support. Poor treatment outcomes were significantly related to rural residency, HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) co-infection, and treatment relapse. It is recommended to increase patient awareness among those living in rural areas to available treatment regimens and improve disease perception to increase treatment compliance and adherence. The study findings highlighted the importance of training of health providers on the proper recording and maintenance of all MDR-TB case files.
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