Rooftop gardening is one of the famous agricultural technology in urban areas of many countries including Bangladesh. Crop water requirement is very high in rooftop due to high temperature and high evapotranspiration. Irrigation as well as water management is the major limitation for this practice. Considering the necessity of rooftop gardening in urban areas and irrigation issue, it is essential to develop a low cost efficient irrigation method that helps to improve production techniques for rooftop garden. From this study, we developed a smart irrigation system for watering rooftop gardening where mainly used programmable digital timer, solenoid valve and electric pump operated drip system. In this irrigation system, programmable digital timer sends a signal to the solenoid valve and electric pump that leads to open or close the whole irrigation system and crop was watered the selected interval and frequency wise. From the results, average discharge (Qavg), distribution efficiency (Ed), application efficiency (Ea), coefficient of variation for emitter flow (cv) and statistical uniformity coefficient (SUC) were achieved good performance and was found meeting American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE) standards. The designed smart irrigation system was operated excellently as the values of emission uniformity.
{"title":"Design and Development of Smart Irrigation System for Watering Rooftop Garden","authors":"R. Zaman","doi":"10.18488/rps.v9i1.2948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/rps.v9i1.2948","url":null,"abstract":"Rooftop gardening is one of the famous agricultural technology in urban areas of many countries including Bangladesh. Crop water requirement is very high in rooftop due to high temperature and high evapotranspiration. Irrigation as well as water management is the major limitation for this practice. Considering the necessity of rooftop gardening in urban areas and irrigation issue, it is essential to develop a low cost efficient irrigation method that helps to improve production techniques for rooftop garden. From this study, we developed a smart irrigation system for watering rooftop gardening where mainly used programmable digital timer, solenoid valve and electric pump operated drip system. In this irrigation system, programmable digital timer sends a signal to the solenoid valve and electric pump that leads to open or close the whole irrigation system and crop was watered the selected interval and frequency wise. From the results, average discharge (Qavg), distribution efficiency (Ed), application efficiency (Ea), coefficient of variation for emitter flow (cv) and statistical uniformity coefficient (SUC) were achieved good performance and was found meeting American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE) standards. The designed smart irrigation system was operated excellently as the values of emission uniformity.","PeriodicalId":355534,"journal":{"name":"Review of Plant Studies","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127459898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ngo Nkot Laurette, Youagang Gougueu Harris Stephane, Semboung Lang Firmin, Timb Sara Augustine Laurence, Dongmo Kenfack Julio Lambert, Nwaga Dieudonné
Salinity is one of the most important abiotic factors which are responsible for lower yields. To reduce its impact, conventional methods have been unable to solve the problem at all. In this context, developing sustainable methods which increase the productivity of saline soils without harming the environment is necessary. Some microorganisms such as rhizobia are tolerant to salt stress and can then grow in saline areas. Therefore, salt tolerant (ST) rhizobia are believed to reduce the impact of salinity on plant productivity. The aim of this study is to select the major salt-tolerant isolate of rhizobia that can alleviate salt stress in the common bean. Five salt-tolerant rhizobia were used for bean inoculation in greenhouse under salt stress (0 mM, 25 mM and 50 mM). A month after sowing, plants are harvested and analyzed for nodulation, growth and biochemical stress markers production. Collected data are analyzed statistically using SPSS 12.0. Results show that plant inoculation with ISRA352, PvNk8, PvMb1, PvNk7 reduces the effects of stress through the increase of growth, total pigments and osmolytes (proline and glycine betaine) contents compared to positive and negative controls. Plant inoculation with PvMb1 and ISRA352 led to low stress at 50 mM of NaCl. PvMb1, PvNk8 and PvNj5 are good inoculants for bean cultivation even in salt-affected soils. This research study contributes to allow the cultivation of bean in salty areas. On the other hand, the study comes up with a solution for remediation of saline soils yet to be enhanced.
盐度是造成产量降低的最重要的非生物因素之一。为了减少其影响，传统的方法根本无法解决问题。在这方面，必须发展可持续的方法，在不损害环境的情况下提高盐碱地的生产力。一些微生物如根瘤菌对盐胁迫有耐受性，可以在盐碱地生长。因此，耐盐根瘤菌可以减少盐对植物生产力的影响。本研究旨在筛选能缓解普通豆盐胁迫的主要耐盐根瘤菌分离株。采用5种耐盐根瘤菌在盐胁迫(0 mM、25 mM和50 mM)下进行温室大豆接种。播种一个月后，收获植株，分析结瘤、生长和生化胁迫标志物的产生。收集的数据采用SPSS 12.0进行统计分析。结果表明，与阳性对照和阴性对照相比，接种了ISRA352、PvNk8、PvMb1、PvNk7的植株通过提高生长、总色素和渗透产物(脯氨酸和甘氨酸甜菜碱)含量来减轻胁迫的影响。植株接种PvMb1和ISRA352后，在50 mM NaCl胁迫下胁迫较低。pvvmb1、PvNk8和PvNj5是盐渍土壤中良好的大豆栽培剂。本研究为盐渍地区豆类的种植提供了理论依据。另一方面，本研究提出了盐碱地修复的解决方案有待加强。
{"title":"Salt-Tolerant Rhizobia for Enhancing Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Productivity under Salt Stress","authors":"Ngo Nkot Laurette, Youagang Gougueu Harris Stephane, Semboung Lang Firmin, Timb Sara Augustine Laurence, Dongmo Kenfack Julio Lambert, Nwaga Dieudonné","doi":"10.18488/rps.v9i1.2926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/rps.v9i1.2926","url":null,"abstract":"Salinity is one of the most important abiotic factors which are responsible for lower yields. To reduce its impact, conventional methods have been unable to solve the problem at all. In this context, developing sustainable methods which increase the productivity of saline soils without harming the environment is necessary. Some microorganisms such as rhizobia are tolerant to salt stress and can then grow in saline areas. Therefore, salt tolerant (ST) rhizobia are believed to reduce the impact of salinity on plant productivity. The aim of this study is to select the major salt-tolerant isolate of rhizobia that can alleviate salt stress in the common bean. Five salt-tolerant rhizobia were used for bean inoculation in greenhouse under salt stress (0 mM, 25 mM and 50 mM). A month after sowing, plants are harvested and analyzed for nodulation, growth and biochemical stress markers production. Collected data are analyzed statistically using SPSS 12.0. Results show that plant inoculation with ISRA352, PvNk8, PvMb1, PvNk7 reduces the effects of stress through the increase of growth, total pigments and osmolytes (proline and glycine betaine) contents compared to positive and negative controls. Plant inoculation with PvMb1 and ISRA352 led to low stress at 50 mM of NaCl. PvMb1, PvNk8 and PvNj5 are good inoculants for bean cultivation even in salt-affected soils. This research study contributes to allow the cultivation of bean in salty areas. On the other hand, the study comes up with a solution for remediation of saline soils yet to be enhanced.","PeriodicalId":355534,"journal":{"name":"Review of Plant Studies","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123816544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Root Density, Distribution and Yield Relationships of High Yielding Sugarcane Varieties Under Sandy Soil Condition","authors":"Rachel J Sarol, Maria Vina Serrano, Johnny Agsaoay Jr., Nestor C. Guiyab, A. Casupanan, Benjamin G. Manlapaz","doi":"10.18488/journal.69.2020.71.1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.69.2020.71.1.15","url":null,"abstract":"Article History Received: 14 September 2020 Revised: 2 October 2020 Accepted: 16 October 2020 Published: 29 October 2020","PeriodicalId":355534,"journal":{"name":"Review of Plant Studies","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131195324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-16DOI: 10.18488/journal.69.2019.61.11.20
Wulita Wondwosen, M. Dejene, N. Tadesse, Seid Ahmed
Faba bean gall disease is a newly emerging and devastating disease of faba bean that threaten its production and productivity in Ethiopia. Thus, this study was conducted with the objective to evaluate the reactions of faba bean varieties against faba bean gall disease. A field experiment was conducted at Basona Werana and Ankober Districts, in 2014. Sixteen faba bean varieties along with local check were tested in RCBD design with three replications. Faba bean varieties varied significantly (p<0.05) for both disease and yield parameters. The lowest disease severity, AUDPC and infection rates were recorded from variety Gachena (Lay Gorebela) and Gora and Gachena (Mush). Moreover, the highest (2737 and 3374%-days) AUDPC values were recorded from the variety local and Selale at Mush and Lay Gorebela. The highest yield was obtained from varieties Gora, Gebelcho, Degaga, Gachena and Walki (Mush) and from varieties Gora and Gachena (Lay Gorebela). Also, yield of faba bean correlated negatively and significantly with AUDPC and final severity at both locations, whereas, AUDPC and severity associated positively and significantly from each other. From this study it can be concluded that relatively resistant and high yielder varieties can be used in combination with other control measures. Therefore, in the future, researches on integration of resistance and high yielder varieties with other management options should be conducted. Contribution/Originality: This study is one of the very few studies in Ethiopia which have investigated the response of Faba bean varieties for the newely emerged gall disease. The study assessed seventeen varieties by scientifically comparing them with very important agronomic and disease resistance related attribute and come up with valid conclusion.
{"title":"Evaluation of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Varieties against Faba Bean Gall Disease in North Shewa Zone, Ethiopia","authors":"Wulita Wondwosen, M. Dejene, N. Tadesse, Seid Ahmed","doi":"10.18488/journal.69.2019.61.11.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.69.2019.61.11.20","url":null,"abstract":"Faba bean gall disease is a newly emerging and devastating disease of faba bean that threaten its production and productivity in Ethiopia. Thus, this study was conducted with the objective to evaluate the reactions of faba bean varieties against faba bean gall disease. A field experiment was conducted at Basona Werana and Ankober Districts, in 2014. Sixteen faba bean varieties along with local check were tested in RCBD design with three replications. Faba bean varieties varied significantly (p<0.05) for both disease and yield parameters. The lowest disease severity, AUDPC and infection rates were recorded from variety Gachena (Lay Gorebela) and Gora and Gachena (Mush). Moreover, the highest (2737 and 3374%-days) AUDPC values were recorded from the variety local and Selale at Mush and Lay Gorebela. The highest yield was obtained from varieties Gora, Gebelcho, Degaga, Gachena and Walki (Mush) and from varieties Gora and Gachena (Lay Gorebela). Also, yield of faba bean correlated negatively and significantly with AUDPC and final severity at both locations, whereas, AUDPC and severity associated positively and significantly from each other. From this study it can be concluded that relatively resistant and high yielder varieties can be used in combination with other control measures. Therefore, in the future, researches on integration of resistance and high yielder varieties with other management options should be conducted. Contribution/Originality: This study is one of the very few studies in Ethiopia which have investigated the response of Faba bean varieties for the newely emerged gall disease. The study assessed seventeen varieties by scientifically comparing them with very important agronomic and disease resistance related attribute and come up with valid conclusion.","PeriodicalId":355534,"journal":{"name":"Review of Plant Studies","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121631313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of Leaf-Water Relation Traits, as Selection Criterion for Developing Drought Resistant Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) Genotypes","authors":"Z. Kebede, F. Mekbib, T. Abebe, A. Asfaw","doi":"10.18488/journal.69.2019.61.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.69.2019.61.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"Article History Received: 2 September 2019 Revised: 4 October 2019 Accepted: 7 November 2019 Published: 11 December 2019","PeriodicalId":355534,"journal":{"name":"Review of Plant Studies","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127370910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.18488/journal.69.2021.81.1.11
Abdulnabi Abbdul Ameer Matrood, A Rhouma
In this study, nine fungal species belonging to genus Aspergillus (6) and Penicillium (3), which were found on whiteflies cadavers adults collected from cucumber cultivation fields in Basra Iraq, are characterized regarding mycelial growth rate at different culture media, pH levels and temperature degrees, and their sensitivity under in vitro assay to aqueous extracts of Ocimum sanctum , Mentha arvensis and Allium sativum at different concentrations. Aspergillus and Penicillium species showed a wide range of tolerance to different culture media, pH levels and temperature degrees which decrease significantly there mycelial growth rate, although no of these parameters were able to inhibit them completely. This study has demonstrated further information on conditions favoring mycelial growth of Aspergillus and Penicillium species (at pH 6 and temperature between 25 and 30°C). In sensitivity assays, all tested species were susceptible to the aqueous extracts. The mycelial growth inhibition was significantly higher with the high concentrations of aqueous extract. The aqueous M. arvensis extracts at 150 mg/mL succeed to decrease the mycelial growth of A. parasiticus (82.5%) and A. fumigatus (81.67%). It appears that the growth rates of A. parasiticus (94.17%) and A. fumigatus (93.38%) was significantly inhibited by the aqueous A. sativum extracts at 150 mg/mL. A. fumigatus (80.83%) and A. parasiticus (76.67%) were high significantly inhibited by the aqueous extracts of O. sanctum at 150 mg/mL. The response of Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. to natural situations and aqueous extracts is important to understand their behaviour and to predict fungal spoilage on crops fruits. Contribution/Originality: This study documents the evaluation of the aqueous extracts efficacy of Ocimum sanctum , Mentha arvensis and Allium sativum against Aspergillus and Penicillium species and their sensitivity to culture media, pH and temperature under laboratory conditions.
{"title":"Penicillium and Aspergillus Species Characterization: Adaptation to Environmental Factors and Sensitivity to Aqueous Medicinal Plants Extracts","authors":"Abdulnabi Abbdul Ameer Matrood, A Rhouma","doi":"10.18488/journal.69.2021.81.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.69.2021.81.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, nine fungal species belonging to genus Aspergillus (6) and Penicillium (3), which were found on whiteflies cadavers adults collected from cucumber cultivation fields in Basra Iraq, are characterized regarding mycelial growth rate at different culture media, pH levels and temperature degrees, and their sensitivity under in vitro assay to aqueous extracts of Ocimum sanctum , Mentha arvensis and Allium sativum at different concentrations. Aspergillus and Penicillium species showed a wide range of tolerance to different culture media, pH levels and temperature degrees which decrease significantly there mycelial growth rate, although no of these parameters were able to inhibit them completely. This study has demonstrated further information on conditions favoring mycelial growth of Aspergillus and Penicillium species (at pH 6 and temperature between 25 and 30°C). In sensitivity assays, all tested species were susceptible to the aqueous extracts. The mycelial growth inhibition was significantly higher with the high concentrations of aqueous extract. The aqueous M. arvensis extracts at 150 mg/mL succeed to decrease the mycelial growth of A. parasiticus (82.5%) and A. fumigatus (81.67%). It appears that the growth rates of A. parasiticus (94.17%) and A. fumigatus (93.38%) was significantly inhibited by the aqueous A. sativum extracts at 150 mg/mL. A. fumigatus (80.83%) and A. parasiticus (76.67%) were high significantly inhibited by the aqueous extracts of O. sanctum at 150 mg/mL. The response of Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. to natural situations and aqueous extracts is important to understand their behaviour and to predict fungal spoilage on crops fruits. Contribution/Originality: This study documents the evaluation of the aqueous extracts efficacy of Ocimum sanctum , Mentha arvensis and Allium sativum against Aspergillus and Penicillium species and their sensitivity to culture media, pH and temperature under laboratory conditions.","PeriodicalId":355534,"journal":{"name":"Review of Plant Studies","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123153879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.18488/JOURNAL.69.2020.71.16.26
Maali Haddad, N. Benfradj, I. B. Salem, M. Mabrouk, N. B. Hamdi
Three field experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of seven active ingredients (Tryfloxystrobin, Iprodione, Procymidone, Mancozebe, Propinebe, Tebuconazole and Coppersulfate), against Alternaria brown spot (ABS) caused by Alternaria alternata on Minneola, Fortune, Nova and Tangerine mandarins citrus cultivars in Tunisia. Over the three trials, citrus trees received 6, 10 and 16 fungicides sprays. The results of the present investigation demonstrated the prevention ability of Mancozebe, Iprodione and Copper sulfate according to disease incidence, fruit infection and losses caused by ABS. Furthermore, the applications of those three fungicides used in mixture reduce the ABS development. In fact, disease incidence was reduced better after an application of a mixture of Mancozebe and Iprodione compared to application of Mancozebe or Iprodione alone and after an application of an alternation of Mancozebe and Iprodione with copper sulfate. From this study, it revealed that the incidence of ABS, an emerging fungi disease on Citrus in Tunisia, could be reduced by using chemical products. Contribution/Originality: This study documents the evaluation of the efficiency of seven active ingredients against citrus Alternaria brown spot caused by Alternaria alternata on Minneola, Fortune, Nova and Tangerine mandarin cultivars in Tunisia.
{"title":"Chemical Control of Alternaria Brown Spot on Mandarins Cultivars in Tunisia","authors":"Maali Haddad, N. Benfradj, I. B. Salem, M. Mabrouk, N. B. Hamdi","doi":"10.18488/JOURNAL.69.2020.71.16.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/JOURNAL.69.2020.71.16.26","url":null,"abstract":"Three field experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of seven active ingredients (Tryfloxystrobin, Iprodione, Procymidone, Mancozebe, Propinebe, Tebuconazole and Coppersulfate), against Alternaria brown spot (ABS) caused by Alternaria alternata on Minneola, Fortune, Nova and Tangerine mandarins citrus cultivars in Tunisia. Over the three trials, citrus trees received 6, 10 and 16 fungicides sprays. The results of the present investigation demonstrated the prevention ability of Mancozebe, Iprodione and Copper sulfate according to disease incidence, fruit infection and losses caused by ABS. Furthermore, the applications of those three fungicides used in mixture reduce the ABS development. In fact, disease incidence was reduced better after an application of a mixture of Mancozebe and Iprodione compared to application of Mancozebe or Iprodione alone and after an application of an alternation of Mancozebe and Iprodione with copper sulfate. From this study, it revealed that the incidence of ABS, an emerging fungi disease on Citrus in Tunisia, could be reduced by using chemical products. Contribution/Originality: This study documents the evaluation of the efficiency of seven active ingredients against citrus Alternaria brown spot caused by Alternaria alternata on Minneola, Fortune, Nova and Tangerine mandarin cultivars in Tunisia.","PeriodicalId":355534,"journal":{"name":"Review of Plant Studies","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127904730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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