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On the Quantum Mechanical Wave Function as a Link Between Cognition and the Physical World: A Role for Psychology 论连接认知与物理世界的量子力学波函数:心理学的作用
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-05-27 DOI: 10.31234/osf.io/8z9p2
D. Snyder
A straightforward explanation of fundamental tenets of quantum mechanics concerning the wave function results in the thesis that the quantum mechanical wave function is a link between human cognition and the physical world. The reticence on the part of physicists to adopt this thesis is discussed. A comparison is made to the behaviorists’ consideration of mind, and the historical roots of how the problem concerning the quantum mechanical wave function arose are discussed. The basis for an empirical demonstration that the wave function is a link between human cognition and the physical world is provided through developing an experiment using methodology from psychology and physics. Based on research in psychology and physics that relied on this methodology, it is likely that Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen’s theoretical result that mutually exclusive wave functions can simultaneously apply to the same concrete physical circumstances can be implemented on an empirical level. Original article in The Journal of Mind and Behavior is on JSTOR at https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/43853678.pdf?seq=1 . Preprint on CERN preprint server at https://cds.cern.ch/record/569426 .
对量子力学关于波函数的基本原理的直接解释,得出了量子力学波函数是人类认知和物理世界之间的联系这一命题。讨论了物理学家不愿采纳这一论点的原因。比较了行为主义者对心灵的思考,讨论了量子力学波函数问题产生的历史根源。波函数是人类认知和物理世界之间联系的经验证明的基础是通过使用心理学和物理学的方法开发的实验提供的。基于这种方法的心理学和物理学研究,爱因斯坦、波多尔斯基和罗森的理论结果——互斥波函数可以同时应用于相同的具体物理环境——很可能在经验层面上得到实现。《心理与行为杂志》的原文可以在JSTOR上找到:https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/43853678.pdf?seq=1。在CERN预印本服务器上的预印本,网址为https://cds.cern.ch/record/569426。
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引用次数: 10
Waking, Dreaming, Being: Self and Consciousness in Neuroscience, Meditation, and Philosophy 醒着,做梦,存在:神经科学,冥想和哲学中的自我和意识
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.5860/choice.189379
M. Bitbol
Waking, Dreaming, Being: Self and Consciousness in Neuroscience, Meditation, and Philosophy. Evan Thompson. New York: Columbia University Press, 2014, 496 pages, $32.95 hardcover.Consciousness is like no other object of study. In fact, it is no object at all, but rather the precondition for anything to be taken as an object of attention or thought. This unique status makes it ver y unlikely that ordinar y, one-dimensional, objectif ying strategies of research may bring much light to the nature and origin of consciousness (at least if these strategies are used in isolation). Consciousness must be approached from within, at least as much as from without, from the midst of lived experience, at least as much as from an objective scientific vantage point. Consciousness must be apprehended from where it is, not only from where one hopes to contemplate it. Prioritizing this lived, embodied, approach to consciousness is the program of phenomenology, as Edmund Husserl and his lineage defined it. Articulating the lived domain of phenomenology with the scientific study of objective correlates of mental structures, and buttressing the study of one onto the study of the other, is the extended program of neurophenomenology as developed by Francisco Varela. Some philosophers of mind also advocated such a balanced attitude, by prescribing a triangulated approach to consciousness (Flanagan, 1993) or a "reflective monist" theory of consciousness (Velmans, 2009). But, unlike neurophenomenologists, they did so shyly since they fell short from prescribing an extensive methodology of first-person inquiry, and adopted a kind of non-committal metaphysical standpoint instead.Evan Thompson makes full use of the neurophenomenological strategy, in his remarkable book Waking, Dreaming, Being : Self and Consciousness in Neuroscience, Meditation, and Philosophy, which will soon be considered a landmark and a tipping point in consciousness investigations. He systematically confronts data from cutting-edge neurocognitive science with various sources of knowledge about the corresponding lived experiences; and he carefully extracts from each one of these approaches the most relevant information to make sense of the other one. True, the best possible neurophenomenological methodology would include experimental control on both sides of the first-person/third-person divide, but even though this requirement is not fulfilled in some of the cases studied by Thompson, his intellectual mastery of the subject is such that he offers a convincing compensation for it.Yet, Thompson's most admirable achievement is probably not this one. It can rather be found in his thorough exploration of a host of so-called "altered states of consciousness," from lucid dreaming to near-death experiences. It can also be found in Thompson's masterly use of texts from the Indo-Tibetan civilizational area, which most valued the methodic culti vation of these states and the study of the corresponding experiences.
醒着,做梦,存在:神经科学,冥想和哲学中的自我和意识。埃文·汤普森。纽约:哥伦比亚大学出版社,2014年,496页,精装本32.95美元。意识不同于其他研究对象。事实上,它根本不是对象,而是任何事物被视为注意或思考对象的前提。这种独特的地位使得普通的、一维的、客观化的研究策略不太可能给意识的本质和起源带来更多的启示(至少如果这些策略是孤立使用的)。意识必须从内部接近,至少要从外部接近,从生活经验中接近,至少要从客观的科学角度接近。意识必须从它所在的地方被理解,而不仅仅是从人们希望去思考它的地方。正如埃德蒙·胡塞尔及其谱系所定义的那样,优先考虑这种活生生的、具体化的、接近意识的方法是现象学的程序。将现象学的生活领域与对心理结构客观关联的科学研究结合起来,并将一个研究支撑在另一个研究之上,这是弗朗西斯科·瓦雷拉(Francisco Varela)发展的神经现象学的扩展项目。一些心灵哲学家也提倡这样一种平衡的态度,通过提出一种三角化的意识方法(Flanagan, 1993)或一种“反思性一元论”的意识理论(Velmans, 2009)。但是,与神经现象学家不同,他们这样做是害羞的,因为他们没有规定一种广泛的第一人称调查方法,而是采取了一种不确定的形而上学立场。埃文·汤普森在他的著名著作《清醒、做梦、存在:神经科学、冥想和哲学中的自我和意识》中充分利用了神经现象学策略,这本书很快将被认为是意识研究的里程碑和转折点。他系统地将来自前沿神经认知科学的数据与有关相应生活经验的各种知识来源相结合;他仔细地从每一种方法中提取最相关的信息,以理解另一种方法。诚然,最好的神经现象学方法应该包括第一人称/第三人称的实验控制,但即使汤普森研究的一些案例没有满足这一要求,但他对这一主题的知识掌握,使他提供了令人信服的补偿。然而,汤普森最令人钦佩的成就可能不是这个。在他对一系列所谓的“意识改变状态”(从清醒梦到濒死体验)的深入探索中,我们可以找到它。汤普森对印藏文明区文本的巧妙运用也体现了这一点,这些文明区最重视对这些国家的系统培养和对相应经验的研究。这些来自《奥义书》和《吠陀经》,以及瑜伽和明佛教的资料丰富、准确、学术性强,不受任何融合主义的诱惑。因此,汤普森的书接近于我所认为的意识研究的理想:向可能发生在人类意识生活(以及超越意识生活)中的所有体验敞开心扉,考虑到各种精神传统中积累的关于这些体验的所有数据,同时对任何对这些体验的投机性过度解释保持谨慎的批评。这本书避免了狭隘唯物主义的Scylla和肤浅深奥主义的Charybdis,在一个单一的一笔:这一笔包括采取现象学的立场。哲学家们不情愿地接受了用与睡眠、迷幻药或瑜伽有关的改变状态来充实意识研究的重要性,也许是因为关于这些改变状态的论述已经被新时代的圈子所劫持。…
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引用次数: 117
Critical Notice: Supersizing the Mind: Embodiment, Action, and Cognitive Extension: 关键提示:放大思维:具体化、行动和认知延伸
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.1215/00318108-1539161
Robert D. Rupert
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引用次数: 6
Exploring affect: The rise, fall, and resurrection of the study of personality 探索情感:人格研究的兴起、衰落和复兴
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 1995-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511663994.020
S. Tomkins, E. Demos, Brewster Smith
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引用次数: 3
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Journal of Mind and Behavior
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