Pub Date : 2022-01-20DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192856838.003.0006
B. Edmondson
This chapter illustrates the importance of New York city, Harlem especially, as the location around which Caribbean literary dialect and performative modes coalesced in the early twentieth century. Utilizing the concept of the pan-Caribbean vernacular axis, the chapter discusses the influence of popular Caribbean calypsonians who travelled to New York both to perform and to record calypsos. The lyrics of these calypsos became part of the popular vernacular on both sides of the Atlantic. The career of the Trinidadian calypsonian and comedian Sam Manning is examined, as well as that of the playwright and ex-wife of Marcus Garvey, Amy Ashwood Garvey. The literary career of Jamaican dialect poet and Harlem Renaissance author Claude McKay is used as an example of the pan-Caribbean vernacular axis. It includes a discussion of the controversy over his novel Home to Harlem, and the relationship between Garveyism and dialect.
{"title":"Home to Harlem","authors":"B. Edmondson","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192856838.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192856838.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter illustrates the importance of New York city, Harlem especially, as the location around which Caribbean literary dialect and performative modes coalesced in the early twentieth century. Utilizing the concept of the pan-Caribbean vernacular axis, the chapter discusses the influence of popular Caribbean calypsonians who travelled to New York both to perform and to record calypsos. The lyrics of these calypsos became part of the popular vernacular on both sides of the Atlantic. The career of the Trinidadian calypsonian and comedian Sam Manning is examined, as well as that of the playwright and ex-wife of Marcus Garvey, Amy Ashwood Garvey. The literary career of Jamaican dialect poet and Harlem Renaissance author Claude McKay is used as an example of the pan-Caribbean vernacular axis. It includes a discussion of the controversy over his novel Home to Harlem, and the relationship between Garveyism and dialect.","PeriodicalId":355720,"journal":{"name":"Creole Noise","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129405969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-20DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192856838.003.0007
B. Edmondson
This chapter links the emergence of internationally acclaimed contemporary Creole literature to earlier historical eras and literary texts. Utilizing the concept of Creole transnationalism, it discusses the marketing of Caribbean Creoles in the works of authors Marlon James and Junot Diaz. The most extraordinary thing about James’ A Brief History of Seven Killings is that a book written mostly in Jamaican Creole found not just an international audience but a popular one. Jamaican Creole, one of the baddest of the bad grammars, is now part of a global lexicon of, not English, but Englishes. The chapter meditates on the twinned issues of sexual identity and exile in James’ work, and its relationship to his use of Creole. It links the issues of sexual identity and exile to black nationalism and gender politics to the politics of Creole literature in the Caribbean.
{"title":"Epilogue","authors":"B. Edmondson","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192856838.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192856838.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter links the emergence of internationally acclaimed contemporary Creole literature to earlier historical eras and literary texts. Utilizing the concept of Creole transnationalism, it discusses the marketing of Caribbean Creoles in the works of authors Marlon James and Junot Diaz. The most extraordinary thing about James’ A Brief History of Seven Killings is that a book written mostly in Jamaican Creole found not just an international audience but a popular one. Jamaican Creole, one of the baddest of the bad grammars, is now part of a global lexicon of, not English, but Englishes. The chapter meditates on the twinned issues of sexual identity and exile in James’ work, and its relationship to his use of Creole. It links the issues of sexual identity and exile to black nationalism and gender politics to the politics of Creole literature in the Caribbean.","PeriodicalId":355720,"journal":{"name":"Creole Noise","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121201332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-20DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192856838.003.0005
B. Edmondson
Dialect is a paradox. Bounded by its geographic and cultural specificity, it is, by definition, insular and local, the product of limited interactions; its literary concerns fleeting and dated, not universal, cosmopolitan, or of lasting value. And yet dialect narratives and musical traditions have been global fixtures for hundreds of years. This chapter explores the theme of travelling dialect in Creole literature. It describes how, in the post-Emancipation period, African-American dialect via sketches and “plantation songs” became a model for the literary rendering of Caribbean dialect. It examines Caribbean attitudes towards African Americans in the nineteenth century, the popularity of blackface minstrelsy in the Caribbean and touring choirs such as the Fisk Jubilee Choir and the Native Choir of Jamaica as major influences on the development of the Caribbean Creole literary tradition.
{"title":"Travelling Dialect","authors":"B. Edmondson","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192856838.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192856838.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Dialect is a paradox. Bounded by its geographic and cultural specificity, it is, by definition, insular and local, the product of limited interactions; its literary concerns fleeting and dated, not universal, cosmopolitan, or of lasting value. And yet dialect narratives and musical traditions have been global fixtures for hundreds of years. This chapter explores the theme of travelling dialect in Creole literature. It describes how, in the post-Emancipation period, African-American dialect via sketches and “plantation songs” became a model for the literary rendering of Caribbean dialect. It examines Caribbean attitudes towards African Americans in the nineteenth century, the popularity of blackface minstrelsy in the Caribbean and touring choirs such as the Fisk Jubilee Choir and the Native Choir of Jamaica as major influences on the development of the Caribbean Creole literary tradition.","PeriodicalId":355720,"journal":{"name":"Creole Noise","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125423864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-20DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192856838.003.0002
B. Edmondson
This chapter investigates the origins of Creole literature in the early writings of the white creoles of the Caribbean, most of whom were hostile to Emancipation during the slavery era. Early literary dialect used forms of racial ventriloquism or pseudo-transcription to argue against the freeing of the enslaved blacks. These ventriloquists, and those that they ventriloquized, yielded a lasting template for an original Caribbean narrative form. The chapter explores the “dialect war” between the abolitionist English author J.B. Moreton and pro-slavery white creole author Samuel August Mathews. White stereotypes of strong black Caribbean women as vectors of Creole speech are discussed.
{"title":"White Creoles, “Bad” Grammar, and the Birth of Dialect Literature","authors":"B. Edmondson","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192856838.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192856838.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter investigates the origins of Creole literature in the early writings of the white creoles of the Caribbean, most of whom were hostile to Emancipation during the slavery era. Early literary dialect used forms of racial ventriloquism or pseudo-transcription to argue against the freeing of the enslaved blacks. These ventriloquists, and those that they ventriloquized, yielded a lasting template for an original Caribbean narrative form. The chapter explores the “dialect war” between the abolitionist English author J.B. Moreton and pro-slavery white creole author Samuel August Mathews. White stereotypes of strong black Caribbean women as vectors of Creole speech are discussed.","PeriodicalId":355720,"journal":{"name":"Creole Noise","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131543548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-20DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192856838.003.0004
B. Edmondson
The chapter explores the life of Henry Garland Murray, the first black author of Creole literature in the English-speaking Caribbean. Murray was a popular performer of dialect sketches in post-Emancipation Jamaica who eventually published his dialect sketches in book form. The chapter discusses Murray’s travels to Panama and to Boston, where he performed at the famous Lyceum. It investigates the historical moment in the post-Emancipation Jamaica in which Murray authored his stories, particularly the nationalist bent of Jamaicans across racial lines who sought a “native literature” and identified Creole stories as the basis of that literature. It interprets the stories as balancing racist white nostalgia for slavery with an emergent literary nationalism.
{"title":"The Charles Dickens of Jamaica","authors":"B. Edmondson","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192856838.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192856838.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter explores the life of Henry Garland Murray, the first black author of Creole literature in the English-speaking Caribbean. Murray was a popular performer of dialect sketches in post-Emancipation Jamaica who eventually published his dialect sketches in book form. The chapter discusses Murray’s travels to Panama and to Boston, where he performed at the famous Lyceum. It investigates the historical moment in the post-Emancipation Jamaica in which Murray authored his stories, particularly the nationalist bent of Jamaicans across racial lines who sought a “native literature” and identified Creole stories as the basis of that literature. It interprets the stories as balancing racist white nostalgia for slavery with an emergent literary nationalism.","PeriodicalId":355720,"journal":{"name":"Creole Noise","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130717350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-20DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192856838.003.0003
B. Edmondson
The chapter focuses on the relationship between violence, both physical and rhetorical, and the emergence of dialect literature in the nineteenth-century post-Emancipation anglophone Caribbean. It focuses on racial ventriloquism, the use of so-called black voices by white authors to advocate violent retribution against black populations. The chapter uses as case studies Jamaica during the period of the Morant Bay Rebellion and British Guiana after the arrival of Indian indentured laborers and other large-scale migrations. White creole authors like British Guiana’s Michael McTurk, or “Quow,” are discussed. The chapter also examines rebuttals by black and brown people to white ventriloquist dialect in newspapers published by men of color.
{"title":"Violent Ventriloquism","authors":"B. Edmondson","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192856838.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192856838.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter focuses on the relationship between violence, both physical and rhetorical, and the emergence of dialect literature in the nineteenth-century post-Emancipation anglophone Caribbean. It focuses on racial ventriloquism, the use of so-called black voices by white authors to advocate violent retribution against black populations. The chapter uses as case studies Jamaica during the period of the Morant Bay Rebellion and British Guiana after the arrival of Indian indentured laborers and other large-scale migrations. White creole authors like British Guiana’s Michael McTurk, or “Quow,” are discussed. The chapter also examines rebuttals by black and brown people to white ventriloquist dialect in newspapers published by men of color.","PeriodicalId":355720,"journal":{"name":"Creole Noise","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132218364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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