Pub Date : 2016-09-25DOI: 10.11943/j.issn.1006-9941.2016.09.005
李彦峰, 王猛杰, 徐抗震, 宋纪蓉, 赵凤起
To evaluate the thermal stability of 1-amino-2-nitroguanidine(ANQ) and investigate the potential application value of ANQ as energetic material, thermal behaviors, specific heat capacity and adiabatic time-to-explosion of ANQ were studied by DSC, micro-DSC and TG/DTG methods. Results show that thermal behavior of ANQ can be divided into two coterminous intense exothermic decomposition processes. The peak temperatures of the two decomposition processes at the heating rate of 5 ℃·min-1 are 192.5 ℃ and 196.2 ℃, respectively, and the whole decomposition enthalpy is -2075 J·g-1. The apparent activation energy and pre-exponential constant of the first decomposition process are 224.3 kJ·mol-1 and 1023.15 s-1, respectively. The self-accelerating decomposition temperature and critical temperature of thermal explosion for ANQ are 184.5 ℃ and 192.7 ℃, respectively. The molar heat capacity of ANQ is 145.5 J·mol-1·K-1 at 298.15 K. Adiabatic time-to-explosion was estimated to be about 60 s. The thermal stability of ANQ is good.
{"title":"1-氨基-2-硝基胍的热行为","authors":"李彦峰, 王猛杰, 徐抗震, 宋纪蓉, 赵凤起","doi":"10.11943/j.issn.1006-9941.2016.09.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11943/j.issn.1006-9941.2016.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"To evaluate the thermal stability of 1-amino-2-nitroguanidine(ANQ) and investigate the potential application value of ANQ as energetic material, thermal behaviors, specific heat capacity and adiabatic time-to-explosion of ANQ were studied by DSC, micro-DSC and TG/DTG methods. Results show that thermal behavior of ANQ can be divided into two coterminous intense exothermic decomposition processes. The peak temperatures of the two decomposition processes at the heating rate of 5 ℃·min-1 are 192.5 ℃ and 196.2 ℃, respectively, and the whole decomposition enthalpy is -2075 J·g-1. The apparent activation energy and pre-exponential constant of the first decomposition process are 224.3 kJ·mol-1 and 1023.15 s-1, respectively. The self-accelerating decomposition temperature and critical temperature of thermal explosion for ANQ are 184.5 ℃ and 192.7 ℃, respectively. The molar heat capacity of ANQ is 145.5 J·mol-1·K-1 at 298.15 K. Adiabatic time-to-explosion was estimated to be about 60 s. The thermal stability of ANQ is good.","PeriodicalId":35753,"journal":{"name":"Hanneng Cailiao/Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85401357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-25DOI: 10.11943/j.issn.1006-9941.2016.09.006
肖啸, 姚二岗, 刘庆, 苏海鹏, 丁可伟, 葛忠学
1, 1′-Dioxide-5, 5′-azotetrazole dipotassium salt was synthesized via two-step reactions of azido-cyclization and oxidation-coupling using cyanogen bromide, sodium azide and 50% solution of hydroxylamine as raw materials. The yields of two-step reactions were 78% and 82%, respectively. The structure of 1, 1′-dioxide-5, 5′-azotetrazole dipotassium salt was characterized by infrared spectrum (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), elemental analysis and thermal properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry-derivative thermogravimetry (TG-DTG). Results show that there were two thermal decompositon peaks at 271.0 ℃ and 328.0 ℃ under heating condition, respectively, while possess a total mass loss of 37.5% before 320 ℃ for 1, 1′-dioxide-5, 5′-azotetrazole dipotassium salt.
{"title":"1,1′-二氧化-5,5′-偶氮四唑二钾盐的合成与热性能","authors":"肖啸, 姚二岗, 刘庆, 苏海鹏, 丁可伟, 葛忠学","doi":"10.11943/j.issn.1006-9941.2016.09.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11943/j.issn.1006-9941.2016.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"1, 1′-Dioxide-5, 5′-azotetrazole dipotassium salt was synthesized via two-step reactions of azido-cyclization and oxidation-coupling using cyanogen bromide, sodium azide and 50% solution of hydroxylamine as raw materials. The yields of two-step reactions were 78% and 82%, respectively. The structure of 1, 1′-dioxide-5, 5′-azotetrazole dipotassium salt was characterized by infrared spectrum (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), elemental analysis and thermal properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry-derivative thermogravimetry (TG-DTG). Results show that there were two thermal decompositon peaks at 271.0 ℃ and 328.0 ℃ under heating condition, respectively, while possess a total mass loss of 37.5% before 320 ℃ for 1, 1′-dioxide-5, 5′-azotetrazole dipotassium salt.","PeriodicalId":35753,"journal":{"name":"Hanneng Cailiao/Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75646830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-25DOI: 10.11943/J.ISSN.1006-9941.2016.09.008
翟连杰, 樊学忠, 王伯周, 霍欢, 李亚南, 毕福强, 张俊林
5-(3-Amino-1, 2, 5-oxadiazol-4-yl)tetrazol-1-ol (4) as well as its ammonium salt (5), and hydroxylammonium salt (6) were synthesized with high yield from malononitrile as raw material via diazotization, addition, and cyclization reactions. Their structures were characterized by infrared (IR) spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), elemental analyses, and X-ray single-crystal diffraction(XRD). The impact and friction sensitivities of compounds 4, 5 and 6 were tested using the drop hammer method and friction sensitivity tester. The thermal stabilities of compounds 4, 5 and 6 were studied by DSC. Results show that a large number of intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds for compounds 4, 5 and 6 are formed. These hydrogen bonds have an important influence on their structure, density, thermal properties and sensitivities, especially all hydrogens in the molecule of compound 6 participate in hydrogen bond formation, resulting in compound 6 has a relatively high density (1.786 g·cm-3). Compounds 4, 5 and 6 exhibit low impact and friction sensitivity and good thermal stabiliy and can be used as environmentally friendly and new-generation insensitive energetic materials.
{"title":"Synthesis and Properties of 5-(3-Amino-1, 2, 5-oxadiazol-4-yl)tetrazol-1-ol and Its Ammonium and Hydroxylammonium Salts","authors":"翟连杰, 樊学忠, 王伯周, 霍欢, 李亚南, 毕福强, 张俊林","doi":"10.11943/J.ISSN.1006-9941.2016.09.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11943/J.ISSN.1006-9941.2016.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"5-(3-Amino-1, 2, 5-oxadiazol-4-yl)tetrazol-1-ol (4) as well as its ammonium salt (5), and hydroxylammonium salt (6) were synthesized with high yield from malononitrile as raw material via diazotization, addition, and cyclization reactions. Their structures were characterized by infrared (IR) spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), elemental analyses, and X-ray single-crystal diffraction(XRD). The impact and friction sensitivities of compounds 4, 5 and 6 were tested using the drop hammer method and friction sensitivity tester. The thermal stabilities of compounds 4, 5 and 6 were studied by DSC. Results show that a large number of intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds for compounds 4, 5 and 6 are formed. These hydrogen bonds have an important influence on their structure, density, thermal properties and sensitivities, especially all hydrogens in the molecule of compound 6 participate in hydrogen bond formation, resulting in compound 6 has a relatively high density (1.786 g·cm-3). Compounds 4, 5 and 6 exhibit low impact and friction sensitivity and good thermal stabiliy and can be used as environmentally friendly and new-generation insensitive energetic materials.","PeriodicalId":35753,"journal":{"name":"Hanneng Cailiao/Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84470002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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