Pub Date : 2018-07-04DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72362
M. Molero, W. Briñez
Probiotics have been taking value over the last years due to its benefits in human health. Researchers have been looking for options in order to increase probiotics consumption, and one of the more nutritional choices is to use whey as a substrate in fermented beverages. Whey is a by-product liquid obtained during cheese processing. It is an eco-nomic source of protein, which provides multiple properties in foods. The main objective of this chapter was to carry out a complete review of important researches related to whey-based fermented beverages production. Researches show that probiotic micro- organisms have the ability to grow in whey properly, in such a way that they reach high concentrations, needed to achieve the probiotic effect that consumers are looking for. Certain substances, such as fruit pulps and carboxymethyl cellulose, have been used to improve viscosity, flavor among other important characteristics. Sensorial evaluations have been performed in order to assess consumers ’ impression, and they have been pleasantly accepted. Average shelf-life is 21 days. Through this review, it is known that whey is an excellent alternative to increment probiotic consumption, not only because it is an outstanding substrate for probiotic micro-organism ’ s growth but also due to its excellent sensorial characteristics. physico-chemical whey obtained from the manufacture of coastal cheese. This characterization was carried out using the following methods: acidity (AOAC 947.05/90), pH (AOAC 981.12/90), soluble solids (AOAC 932.12/90), total solids (AOAC 925,105/90), and lactose (FIL 28a/74). The following results were obtained: acidity (% lactic acid) 0.11; pH 6.58; total solids 6.83%, protein 0.98%; fat 0.4%; and lactose 4.54%.
{"title":"Probiotics Consumption Increment through the Use of Whey- Based Fermented Beverages","authors":"M. Molero, W. Briñez","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72362","url":null,"abstract":"Probiotics have been taking value over the last years due to its benefits in human health. Researchers have been looking for options in order to increase probiotics consumption, and one of the more nutritional choices is to use whey as a substrate in fermented beverages. Whey is a by-product liquid obtained during cheese processing. It is an eco-nomic source of protein, which provides multiple properties in foods. The main objective of this chapter was to carry out a complete review of important researches related to whey-based fermented beverages production. Researches show that probiotic micro- organisms have the ability to grow in whey properly, in such a way that they reach high concentrations, needed to achieve the probiotic effect that consumers are looking for. Certain substances, such as fruit pulps and carboxymethyl cellulose, have been used to improve viscosity, flavor among other important characteristics. Sensorial evaluations have been performed in order to assess consumers ’ impression, and they have been pleasantly accepted. Average shelf-life is 21 days. Through this review, it is known that whey is an excellent alternative to increment probiotic consumption, not only because it is an outstanding substrate for probiotic micro-organism ’ s growth but also due to its excellent sensorial characteristics. physico-chemical whey obtained from the manufacture of coastal cheese. This characterization was carried out using the following methods: acidity (AOAC 947.05/90), pH (AOAC 981.12/90), soluble solids (AOAC 932.12/90), total solids (AOAC 925,105/90), and lactose (FIL 28a/74). The following results were obtained: acidity (% lactic acid) 0.11; pH 6.58; total solids 6.83%, protein 0.98%; fat 0.4%; and lactose 4.54%.","PeriodicalId":359205,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics - Current Knowledge and Future Prospects","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128241013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-04DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72923
O. A. Akanmu
The use of chemotherapy in treating and enhancing the growth of fish has been widely criticized due to its negative environmental consequence. Hence, the use of probiotics which are bio-friendly seems to be a promising alternative. Therefore, the importance of probiotics in fish production was critically reviewed in line with their growth rate, disease treatment, and immune boosting. It was, however, realized that probiotics such as Lactobacillus fermentum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultured from maize slurry and palm wine, respectively, could serve as good probiotics, which could enhance faster growth rate and wound-healing rate. Probiotics are, therefore, recommended to the fish farmers so as to increase the profitability of the aquaculture business.
{"title":"Probiotics, an Alternative Measure to Chemotherapy in Fish Production","authors":"O. A. Akanmu","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72923","url":null,"abstract":"The use of chemotherapy in treating and enhancing the growth of fish has been widely criticized due to its negative environmental consequence. Hence, the use of probiotics which are bio-friendly seems to be a promising alternative. Therefore, the importance of probiotics in fish production was critically reviewed in line with their growth rate, disease treatment, and immune boosting. It was, however, realized that probiotics such as Lactobacillus fermentum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultured from maize slurry and palm wine, respectively, could serve as good probiotics, which could enhance faster growth rate and wound-healing rate. Probiotics are, therefore, recommended to the fish farmers so as to increase the profitability of the aquaculture business.","PeriodicalId":359205,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics - Current Knowledge and Future Prospects","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127446617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-04DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79044
Caitlin F Porubsky, Alexandria B. Glass, Victoria Comeau, C. Buckley, M. Goodman, Mary-MargaretKober
Through basic science as well as animal and human clinical trials, the evidence is grow- ing for the use of probiotics in the treatment of acne. Acne formation is dependent upon several processes, including follicular hyperkeratinization, excess sebum production, Propionibacterium acnes colonization and an inflammatory cascade. The antimicrobial properties of probiotics as well as the modification of the skin microbiome may decrease levels of P. acnes on the skin. Additionally, successful acne outcomes are influenced by compliance with topical regimens, which can commonly cause skin barrier disruption, leading to dryness and irritation. Consequently, calming inflammation as well as main taining skin hydration and barrier repair is of primary importance when treating acne. In this chapter, we discuss how probiotics affect several factors in the pathophysiology of acne development and can improve the treatment outcomes.
{"title":"The Role of Probiotics in Acne and Rosacea","authors":"Caitlin F Porubsky, Alexandria B. Glass, Victoria Comeau, C. Buckley, M. Goodman, Mary-MargaretKober","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79044","url":null,"abstract":"Through basic science as well as animal and human clinical trials, the evidence is grow- ing for the use of probiotics in the treatment of acne. Acne formation is dependent upon several processes, including follicular hyperkeratinization, excess sebum production, Propionibacterium acnes colonization and an inflammatory cascade. The antimicrobial properties of probiotics as well as the modification of the skin microbiome may decrease levels of P. acnes on the skin. Additionally, successful acne outcomes are influenced by compliance with topical regimens, which can commonly cause skin barrier disruption, leading to dryness and irritation. Consequently, calming inflammation as well as main taining skin hydration and barrier repair is of primary importance when treating acne. In this chapter, we discuss how probiotics affect several factors in the pathophysiology of acne development and can improve the treatment outcomes.","PeriodicalId":359205,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics - Current Knowledge and Future Prospects","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129084896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-04DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73064
Gislane L.V. de Oliveira
Evidences from animal models and humans have implied the involvement of alterations in the gut microbiota in development of some autoimmune diseases. Dysbiosis observed in autoimmune diseases is associated with decreased bacteria function and diversity, impaired epithelial barrier function, inflammation, and decreased regulatory T cells in the gut mucosa. Studies suggest that probiotics influence systemic immune responses, ensure the homeostasis of the healthy microbiota in the intestinal mucosa, and could, therefore, be used as adjuvant therapy to treat immune-mediated diseases. The mechanisms proposed to achieve this include mucus secretion; antimicrobial peptide production; the maintenance of the function of the gastrointestinal-epithelial barrier, ensuring adequate interactions between the gut microbiota and the mucosal immune cells; and, finally, helping the activation of host immune system in response to pathobionts. Here, we described several reports concerning probiotic applications in several animal models of autoimmune diseases and data of the main clinical trials concerning the applicability of probiotics in type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus.
{"title":"Probiotic Applications in Autoimmune Diseases","authors":"Gislane L.V. de Oliveira","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73064","url":null,"abstract":"Evidences from animal models and humans have implied the involvement of alterations in the gut microbiota in development of some autoimmune diseases. Dysbiosis observed in autoimmune diseases is associated with decreased bacteria function and diversity, impaired epithelial barrier function, inflammation, and decreased regulatory T cells in the gut mucosa. Studies suggest that probiotics influence systemic immune responses, ensure the homeostasis of the healthy microbiota in the intestinal mucosa, and could, therefore, be used as adjuvant therapy to treat immune-mediated diseases. The mechanisms proposed to achieve this include mucus secretion; antimicrobial peptide production; the maintenance of the function of the gastrointestinal-epithelial barrier, ensuring adequate interactions between the gut microbiota and the mucosal immune cells; and, finally, helping the activation of host immune system in response to pathobionts. Here, we described several reports concerning probiotic applications in several animal models of autoimmune diseases and data of the main clinical trials concerning the applicability of probiotics in type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus.","PeriodicalId":359205,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics - Current Knowledge and Future Prospects","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132610095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-04DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72639
M. Gregora
Lactobacillus species, present in the microbiota of breast milk, is a probiotic that deserves significant attention. It has a beneficial effect on the composition of the intestinal microflora and the intestinal immune system. In infants who were having Lactobacillus fermentum, a lower incidence of gastrointestinal and respiratory infections was noticed, in contrast to the control group. The significant anti-inflammatory effect of L. fermentum can be utilized to prevent and treat mastitis in breastfeeding women. It has also been shown to have a better clinical effect than classic antibiotics. Moreover, the higher share of L. fermentum in intestinal microflora of children with normal weight compared to obese ones opens other potential possibilities of the use of this probiotic.
{"title":"Lactobacillus Species in Breast Milk","authors":"M. Gregora","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72639","url":null,"abstract":"Lactobacillus species, present in the microbiota of breast milk, is a probiotic that deserves significant attention. It has a beneficial effect on the composition of the intestinal microflora and the intestinal immune system. In infants who were having Lactobacillus fermentum, a lower incidence of gastrointestinal and respiratory infections was noticed, in contrast to the control group. The significant anti-inflammatory effect of L. fermentum can be utilized to prevent and treat mastitis in breastfeeding women. It has also been shown to have a better clinical effect than classic antibiotics. Moreover, the higher share of L. fermentum in intestinal microflora of children with normal weight compared to obese ones opens other potential possibilities of the use of this probiotic.","PeriodicalId":359205,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics - Current Knowledge and Future Prospects","volume":"348 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133779502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-04DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72846
S. Adjei-Fremah, K. Ekwemalor, M. Worku, S. Ibrahim
Probiotics are viable microorganisms with beneficial health effects for humans and animals. They are formulated into many functional foods and animal feed. There is a growing research interest in the application and benefits of probiotics in ruminant production. Several recent studies have evaluated the potential of probiotics in animal nutrition and health. In this chapter, we have reviewed current research on the benefits of probiotics on gut microbial communities in ruminants and their impact on ruminant production, health and overall wellbeing.
{"title":"Probiotics and Ruminant Health","authors":"S. Adjei-Fremah, K. Ekwemalor, M. Worku, S. Ibrahim","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72846","url":null,"abstract":"Probiotics are viable microorganisms with beneficial health effects for humans and animals. They are formulated into many functional foods and animal feed. There is a growing research interest in the application and benefits of probiotics in ruminant production. Several recent studies have evaluated the potential of probiotics in animal nutrition and health. In this chapter, we have reviewed current research on the benefits of probiotics on gut microbial communities in ruminants and their impact on ruminant production, health and overall wellbeing.","PeriodicalId":359205,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics - Current Knowledge and Future Prospects","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121186559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-04DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72804
Ping Li, Q. Gu
Probiotics are live microorganisms, which confer health benefits on host when administered in adequate amounts. Probiotics exert their beneficial effects by maintenance flora healthy, enhancement of mucosal barrier integrity and modulation of immune responses. Antimicrobial substances including bacteriocins, hydrogen peroxide, organic acids, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by probiotics allow them to inhibit mucosal and epithelial adherence of pathogens and compete for limiting resources, thus suppress the growth of bacterial and fungal pathogens. Probiotics effect the colonization of fungal pathogen Candida to host surfaces, suppress Candida growth and biofilm development in vitro. Clinical results have shown that some probiotics can reduce oral, vaginal, and enteric colonization of Candida, alleviate clinical signs and symptoms, and potentially reduce the incidence of invasive fungal infection. Therefore, probiotics may be potential antifungals for prevention and treatment of candidiasis.
{"title":"Antimicrobial Effects of Probiotics and Novel Probiotic-Based Approaches for Infectious Diseases","authors":"Ping Li, Q. Gu","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72804","url":null,"abstract":"Probiotics are live microorganisms, which confer health benefits on host when administered in adequate amounts. Probiotics exert their beneficial effects by maintenance flora healthy, enhancement of mucosal barrier integrity and modulation of immune responses. Antimicrobial substances including bacteriocins, hydrogen peroxide, organic acids, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by probiotics allow them to inhibit mucosal and epithelial adherence of pathogens and compete for limiting resources, thus suppress the growth of bacterial and fungal pathogens. Probiotics effect the colonization of fungal pathogen Candida to host surfaces, suppress Candida growth and biofilm development in vitro. Clinical results have shown that some probiotics can reduce oral, vaginal, and enteric colonization of Candida, alleviate clinical signs and symptoms, and potentially reduce the incidence of invasive fungal infection. Therefore, probiotics may be potential antifungals for prevention and treatment of candidiasis.","PeriodicalId":359205,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics - Current Knowledge and Future Prospects","volume":"358 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131406431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-14DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75077
S. Antony, Marlina Ponce de Leon
Cardiovascular disease is a major health issue worldwide. Individuals who have car- diovascular disease, are often at risk or already have other diseases, which together can lead to metabolic syndromes and possibly increase the risk of morbidity and mortality. Gut microbial balance is increasingly being recognized as a possible risk factor in cardiovascular illnesses. Studies published so far have shown a possible link to hypertension, hyperlipidemia and associated cardiac illnesses. Balance of the colonic flora seems to improve these co-morbid conditions. Probiotics have been studied in several studies to determine if their use provides a beneficial non-pharmacological treatment option for diseases such as diabetes, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, cardiomyopathy and atherosclerosis. Placebo, double blinded controlled studies are s needed to determine if these perceived beneficial effects exists and to what extent probiotics play in the overall outcome in cardiovascular diseases.
{"title":"Probiotics and Its Relationship with the Cardiovascular System","authors":"S. Antony, Marlina Ponce de Leon","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75077","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular disease is a major health issue worldwide. Individuals who have car- diovascular disease, are often at risk or already have other diseases, which together can lead to metabolic syndromes and possibly increase the risk of morbidity and mortality. Gut microbial balance is increasingly being recognized as a possible risk factor in cardiovascular illnesses. Studies published so far have shown a possible link to hypertension, hyperlipidemia and associated cardiac illnesses. Balance of the colonic flora seems to improve these co-morbid conditions. Probiotics have been studied in several studies to determine if their use provides a beneficial non-pharmacological treatment option for diseases such as diabetes, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, cardiomyopathy and atherosclerosis. Placebo, double blinded controlled studies are s needed to determine if these perceived beneficial effects exists and to what extent probiotics play in the overall outcome in cardiovascular diseases.","PeriodicalId":359205,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics - Current Knowledge and Future Prospects","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116351437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-20DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72656
D. N. Kling, L. Teixeira, Evon M. DeBose-Scarlett, Claudio F. Gonzalez
The gastrointestinal surface is in constant interaction with various exogenous molecules. Exogenous components are discriminated in the GI context, as good, in case of nutrients and fibers, and bad, when they negatively affect host integrity. During this tolerogenic process, they also train the host’s immune system. The immune system is a morpho-physiologic unit driven by immune cells with the assistance of commensal organisms. Several species of commensal microorganisms have been used for centuries as probiotics due to their beneficial effects on human health. Lowering local levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines has a systemic effect, which is one of the fundamental characteristics associated with probiotics. Still, the primary mechanisms wiring those regulatory circuits as a unit remain unclear. Modulation of the innate immune system, via regulation of inflammasome assembly is emerging as a critical driver of this interaction. Stimulation of toll like receptors (TLR) and inner cell sensors like NLRP3 connect probiotics with essential host systems. In this context, the mTOR-regulated circuits, an intricate network modulating a cascade of protein phosphorylations, could be an
{"title":"A Network of Physiological Interactions Modulating GI Homeostasis: Probiotics, Inflammasome, mTOR","authors":"D. N. Kling, L. Teixeira, Evon M. DeBose-Scarlett, Claudio F. Gonzalez","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72656","url":null,"abstract":"The gastrointestinal surface is in constant interaction with various exogenous molecules. Exogenous components are discriminated in the GI context, as good, in case of nutrients and fibers, and bad, when they negatively affect host integrity. During this tolerogenic process, they also train the host’s immune system. The immune system is a morpho-physiologic unit driven by immune cells with the assistance of commensal organisms. Several species of commensal microorganisms have been used for centuries as probiotics due to their beneficial effects on human health. Lowering local levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines has a systemic effect, which is one of the fundamental characteristics associated with probiotics. Still, the primary mechanisms wiring those regulatory circuits as a unit remain unclear. Modulation of the innate immune system, via regulation of inflammasome assembly is emerging as a critical driver of this interaction. Stimulation of toll like receptors (TLR) and inner cell sensors like NLRP3 connect probiotics with essential host systems. In this context, the mTOR-regulated circuits, an intricate network modulating a cascade of protein phosphorylations, could be an","PeriodicalId":359205,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics - Current Knowledge and Future Prospects","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126843386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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