Pub Date : 2019-01-01Epub Date: 2019-05-15DOI: 10.1093/insilicoplants/diz006
Hannah A Kinmonth-Schultz, Melissa J S MacEwen, Daniel D Seaton, Andrew J Millar, Takato Imaizumi, Soo-Hyung Kim
We assessed mechanistic temperature influence on flowering by incorporating temperature-responsive flowering mechanisms across developmental age into an existing model. Temperature influences the leaf production rate as well as expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), a photoperiodic flowering regulator that is expressed in leaves. The Arabidopsis Framework Model incorporated temperature influence on leaf growth but ignored the consequences of leaf growth on and direct temperature influence of FT expression. We measured FT production in differently aged leaves and modified the model, adding mechanistic temperature influence on FT transcription, and causing whole-plant FT to accumulate with leaf growth. Our simulations suggest that in long days, the developmental stage (leaf number) at which the reproductive transition occurs is influenced by day length and temperature through FT, while temperature influences the rate of leaf production and the time (in days) the transition occurs. Further, we demonstrate that FT is mainly produced in the first 10 leaves in the Columbia (Col-0) accession, and that FT accumulation alone cannot explain flowering in conditions in which flowering is delayed. Our simulations supported our hypotheses that: (i) temperature regulation of FT, accumulated with leaf growth, is a component of thermal time, and (ii) incorporating mechanistic temperature regulation of FT can improve model predictions when temperatures change over time.
我们将不同发育年龄的温度响应型开花机制纳入现有模型，评估了温度对开花的机理影响。温度会影响叶片的生产率以及叶片中表达的光周期开花调节因子--FLOWERING LOCUS T（FT）的表达。拟南芥框架模型包含了温度对叶片生长的影响，但忽略了叶片生长对 FT 表达的影响以及温度对 FT 表达的直接影响。我们测量了不同叶龄叶片的 FT 产量，并对模型进行了修改，增加了温度对 FT 转录的机理影响，并使整个植株的 FT 随叶片生长而积累。我们的模拟结果表明，在长日照条件下，发生生殖转变的发育阶段（叶片数量）受日长和温度的影响，而温度则通过 FT 影响叶片生产的速度和发生转变的时间（以天为单位）。此外，我们还证明了 FT 主要产生于哥伦比亚（Col-0）品种的前 10 片叶子，而在开花延迟的条件下，仅靠 FT 的积累无法解释开花的原因。我们的模拟支持了我们的假设，即(i) 随着叶片生长积累的 FT 的温度调节是热时间的一个组成部分，(ii) 当温度随时间变化时，结合 FT 的机理温度调节可改进模型预测。
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