Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.56201/jbgr.v8.no2.2022.pg50.65
Asuku Abraham Olufemi, A. M. Tayo, Ajibare Ayodeji Johnson, Adeyemo Michael Bolaji, Adeyemo Racheal Oluremi, Olajide Tobiloba Samuel
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are cells that can self-replicate and differentiate in the central nervous system into neurons and glial cells. The sub granular zone (SGZ) in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) and the sub ventricular zone (SVZ) are the two principal locations where NSCs are discovered in the adult brain. The recent identification of NSCs in adult mammalian brains has sparked a flurry of preclinical and translational research to examine brand-new strategies for treating neurodegenerative illnesses. Therefore, mobilizing endogenous NSCs has become a possible therapeutic strategy for brain repair. The main secretory substance produced and released by the pineal gland is melatonin, which has a wide range of biological functions. Melatonin has recently been shown to play a significant role in NSCs, including their proliferation, differentiation, and survival. These processes are regulated by a variety of factors such as the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, histone acetylation, neurotrophic factors, and apoptotic genes that are discussed in this review.
{"title":"The Mechanisms of Melatonin’s Regulatory Functions on Neural Stem Cells’ Survival, Proliferation and Differentiation","authors":"Asuku Abraham Olufemi, A. M. Tayo, Ajibare Ayodeji Johnson, Adeyemo Michael Bolaji, Adeyemo Racheal Oluremi, Olajide Tobiloba Samuel","doi":"10.56201/jbgr.v8.no2.2022.pg50.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56201/jbgr.v8.no2.2022.pg50.65","url":null,"abstract":"Neural stem cells (NSCs) are cells that can self-replicate and differentiate in the central nervous system into neurons and glial cells. The sub granular zone (SGZ) in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) and the sub ventricular zone (SVZ) are the two principal locations where NSCs are discovered in the adult brain. The recent identification of NSCs in adult mammalian brains has sparked a flurry of preclinical and translational research to examine brand-new strategies for treating neurodegenerative illnesses. Therefore, mobilizing endogenous NSCs has become a possible therapeutic strategy for brain repair. The main secretory substance produced and released by the pineal gland is melatonin, which has a wide range of biological functions. Melatonin has recently been shown to play a significant role in NSCs, including their proliferation, differentiation, and survival. These processes are regulated by a variety of factors such as the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, histone acetylation, neurotrophic factors, and apoptotic genes that are discussed in this review.","PeriodicalId":365132,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND GENETIC RESEARCH","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122129744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.56201/jbgr.v8.no1.2022.pg42.49
Aniama Salome Ojone
The paper intends to highlight the utilization of biological tools for sustainable environmental pollution management. This is because the constant alteration and modification of environment by man has brought about a negative change in the environment as the failure and inadequacies of developmental process brings about environmental challenges by way of pollution. It is therefore important to bring to bear how biological tools could be used to correct these anomalies. The use of biological methods to deal with environmental pollution can bring about eco-friendly environment and improved economic and financial benefits. Among the recommendations is that educational and awareness programs should be organized to control pollution as good hygienic practices can prevent disease.
{"title":"Utilizing Biological Tools for Sustainable Environmental Pollution Management","authors":"Aniama Salome Ojone","doi":"10.56201/jbgr.v8.no1.2022.pg42.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56201/jbgr.v8.no1.2022.pg42.49","url":null,"abstract":"The paper intends to highlight the utilization of biological tools for sustainable environmental pollution management. This is because the constant alteration and modification of environment by man has brought about a negative change in the environment as the failure and inadequacies of developmental process brings about environmental challenges by way of pollution. It is therefore important to bring to bear how biological tools could be used to correct these anomalies. The use of biological methods to deal with environmental pollution can bring about eco-friendly environment and improved economic and financial benefits. Among the recommendations is that educational and awareness programs should be organized to control pollution as good hygienic practices can prevent disease.","PeriodicalId":365132,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND GENETIC RESEARCH","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132929458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.56201/jbgr.v8.no2.2022.pg22.41
Ibienebo Chris Davies, Efekemo, Oghenetekevwe, Evelyn Godwin Amaewhule
The behavioural and histological effects of sublethal concentrations (0.0 ml/L, 12.8 ml/L, 25.59 ml/L, 38.39 ml/L, 51.19 ml/L, and 63.99 ml/L) of Xylene were evaluated in African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) after 28 days of exposure. Physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, conductivity, hydrogen ion concentration (pH), total hardness, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, ammonia, and nitrate levels in the experiment were monitored using the standard method. Significant variations were observed in the different units except for the controlled unit. Behavioural changes were observed closely during the sublethal toxicity test using standard procedures. The bioassay experiments were repeated three times and the renewable test method was used. concentrations showed histopathological alterations in the gills and liver. Severely deformations were observed at 12.80ml/l, 38.39ml/l), 51.19ml/l, and 63.99ml/l. No form of abnormalities was observed in the fish gill and liver in the controlled unit. Progressive hyperventilation, faster operculum and tail beat movement, erratic movement, gulping of air, and spiralling. jumping, display of vigorous jerky movement suffocation, and loss of reflex were observed in C. gariepinus exposed to higher sublethal concentrations of Xylene. There was a significant dose-dependent variation in parameters in the experiment. In conclusion, xylene caused an alteration in the histopathological parameters and the behaviour of C. garienpinus. Therefore, we recommend the need for realistic regulatory measures and proper monitoring and sensitization on use to stakeholders.
{"title":"Quantal Response and Histopathological Effects of Sub-lethal Concentrations of a Selected Oilfield Chemical on African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)","authors":"Ibienebo Chris Davies, Efekemo, Oghenetekevwe, Evelyn Godwin Amaewhule","doi":"10.56201/jbgr.v8.no2.2022.pg22.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56201/jbgr.v8.no2.2022.pg22.41","url":null,"abstract":"The behavioural and histological effects of sublethal concentrations (0.0 ml/L, 12.8 ml/L, 25.59 ml/L, 38.39 ml/L, 51.19 ml/L, and 63.99 ml/L) of Xylene were evaluated in African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) after 28 days of exposure. Physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, conductivity, hydrogen ion concentration (pH), total hardness, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, ammonia, and nitrate levels in the experiment were monitored using the standard method. Significant variations were observed in the different units except for the controlled unit. Behavioural changes were observed closely during the sublethal toxicity test using standard procedures. The bioassay experiments were repeated three times and the renewable test method was used. concentrations showed histopathological alterations in the gills and liver. Severely deformations were observed at 12.80ml/l, 38.39ml/l), 51.19ml/l, and 63.99ml/l. No form of abnormalities was observed in the fish gill and liver in the controlled unit. Progressive hyperventilation, faster operculum and tail beat movement, erratic movement, gulping of air, and spiralling. jumping, display of vigorous jerky movement suffocation, and loss of reflex were observed in C. gariepinus exposed to higher sublethal concentrations of Xylene. There was a significant dose-dependent variation in parameters in the experiment. In conclusion, xylene caused an alteration in the histopathological parameters and the behaviour of C. garienpinus. Therefore, we recommend the need for realistic regulatory measures and proper monitoring and sensitization on use to stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":365132,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND GENETIC RESEARCH","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126201702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.56201/jbgr.v8.no2.2022.pg13.21
E. O. Wekhe, E. Chuku, S. S. Agbagwa, O. P. Brown
The research on the nutrient composition of Lasianthera africana (Nkanka) and its spoilage moulds was carried out in the Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology Rivers State University Portharcourt. The nkanka leaves were purchased from Mile 3 Market in Portharcourt and was analysed in the laboratory of of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Rivers State University. The results of the proximate analysis of Lasianthera africana leaves revealed that the leaves are rich in moisture (65.45±0.07%) ash (4.515±0.01%), lipid (3.515±0.02%) fibre (6.48±0.06%), carbohydrate (3.34±0.07%) and protein (16.70±0.07%) respectively. Mineral assessment revealed the presence of Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium and vitamin C, A and B1. Phytochemical composition showed the presence of Glycoside, Oxalate, saponins, tannins, carotenoid, polyphenol, flavonoid and lignant. The fungal characterization produced three organisms viz; Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus sp, and Mucor sp with perentage incidences of 60% and 20% respectively. In conclusion, lasianthera africana leaves should be regularly consumed as they are used for the treatment of diarrhoea, dysentry, stomach troubles, ulcers and diabetes and also they are prone to fungal contaminations. Therefore, proper care should be taken during harvest and storage to reduce contamination
{"title":"Nutrient Composition of Lasianthera africana (NKANKA) and its Spoilage Moulds","authors":"E. O. Wekhe, E. Chuku, S. S. Agbagwa, O. P. Brown","doi":"10.56201/jbgr.v8.no2.2022.pg13.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56201/jbgr.v8.no2.2022.pg13.21","url":null,"abstract":"The research on the nutrient composition of Lasianthera africana (Nkanka) and its spoilage moulds was carried out in the Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology Rivers State University Portharcourt. The nkanka leaves were purchased from Mile 3 Market in Portharcourt and was analysed in the laboratory of of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Rivers State University. The results of the proximate analysis of Lasianthera africana leaves revealed that the leaves are rich in moisture (65.45±0.07%) ash (4.515±0.01%), lipid (3.515±0.02%) fibre (6.48±0.06%), carbohydrate (3.34±0.07%) and protein (16.70±0.07%) respectively. Mineral assessment revealed the presence of Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium and vitamin C, A and B1. Phytochemical composition showed the presence of Glycoside, Oxalate, saponins, tannins, carotenoid, polyphenol, flavonoid and lignant. The fungal characterization produced three organisms viz; Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus sp, and Mucor sp with perentage incidences of 60% and 20% respectively. In conclusion, lasianthera africana leaves should be regularly consumed as they are used for the treatment of diarrhoea, dysentry, stomach troubles, ulcers and diabetes and also they are prone to fungal contaminations. Therefore, proper care should be taken during harvest and storage to reduce contamination","PeriodicalId":365132,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND GENETIC RESEARCH","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129869857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-11DOI: 10.56201/jbgr.v8.no2.2022.pg1.12
H. Y. Abbaya, Y. Philimon, A. Elihu, A. Lawal, I. A. Lumboyi
The study was carried out to determine the effect of species, sex and age on thermoregulatory traits of three species of animals in the hot season of Mubi. The species were cattle, sheep and goat. A total of forty eight (48) animals were used, comprising of sixteen (16) each of cattle, sheep and goat that were sourced at international cattle market Mubi. Thermoregulatory parameters taken were, rectal temperature (RT), Respiration rate (RR) and Pulse rate (PR). Heat Tolerance Coefficient was calculated as an index. The thermoregulatory traits measured were subjected to analysis of variance using statistical analysis for sciences (SAS) and means were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test. Species and sex significantly (P<0.05) affected rectal temperature and pulse rate. The highest recorded rectal temperature was in goat (39.74 0C). The highest pulse rate was in cattle (59.08 beats/minutes). The highest recorded rectal temperature was in male cattle (39.03 0C). The highest pulse rate was in female goat (36.97 beats/ minute), respectively. The highest recorded rectal temperature was in adult sheep (39.03 0C). The highest recoded respiratory rate was in young cattle (72.67 breaths/minute). The highest recorded pulse rate was in young sheep (39.33beats/minute). The highest recoded heat tolerance coefficient was in young cattle (4.48). Respiration rate perfectly correlated positively (P<0.001; r=0.99) with Heat Tolerant Coefficient. It was concluded that sheep had better thermoregulation ability than cattle and goat. This study recommend a provision of sheds at animal’s stands to reduce the direct effect of radiation on the animals at Mubi livestock market
{"title":"Species, Age and Sex Effect on Thermoregulatory Parameters of Animals in Hot Season of Mubi","authors":"H. Y. Abbaya, Y. Philimon, A. Elihu, A. Lawal, I. A. Lumboyi","doi":"10.56201/jbgr.v8.no2.2022.pg1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56201/jbgr.v8.no2.2022.pg1.12","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out to determine the effect of species, sex and age on thermoregulatory traits of three species of animals in the hot season of Mubi. The species were cattle, sheep and goat. A total of forty eight (48) animals were used, comprising of sixteen (16) each of cattle, sheep and goat that were sourced at international cattle market Mubi. Thermoregulatory parameters taken were, rectal temperature (RT), Respiration rate (RR) and Pulse rate (PR). Heat Tolerance Coefficient was calculated as an index. The thermoregulatory traits measured were subjected to analysis of variance using statistical analysis for sciences (SAS) and means were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test. Species and sex significantly (P<0.05) affected rectal temperature and pulse rate. The highest recorded rectal temperature was in goat (39.74 0C). The highest pulse rate was in cattle (59.08 beats/minutes). The highest recorded rectal temperature was in male cattle (39.03 0C). The highest pulse rate was in female goat (36.97 beats/ minute), respectively. The highest recorded rectal temperature was in adult sheep (39.03 0C). The highest recoded respiratory rate was in young cattle (72.67 breaths/minute). The highest recorded pulse rate was in young sheep (39.33beats/minute). The highest recoded heat tolerance coefficient was in young cattle (4.48). Respiration rate perfectly correlated positively (P<0.001; r=0.99) with Heat Tolerant Coefficient. It was concluded that sheep had better thermoregulation ability than cattle and goat. This study recommend a provision of sheds at animal’s stands to reduce the direct effect of radiation on the animals at Mubi livestock market","PeriodicalId":365132,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND GENETIC RESEARCH","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125096681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-02DOI: 10.56201/jbgr.v8.no1.2022.pg28.42
A. O, Dike C.L
Fungal population were studied from different farming soils in Rukpokwu community, in Rivers State. The control soil was collected from a non- farming soil. Soil samples were collected from different location using a hand auger at dept of 0-15cm and labeled A-F. Mycological and physicochemical analysis were done using standard procedures. The mean total fungal count ranged between 5.21×103 to 2.57×104 CFU/g. The lowest fungal counts were found in sample F (control), while the highest fungal counts were found in sample A. The predominant fungal isolates identified were Mucor sp, Microsporum sp, Candida sp, Penicillium sp, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus sp, Rhodotorula sp, Geotrichum sp, Scopulariopsis sp, and Saccharomyces sp. Candida sp occurred more followed by A. niger while Rodiotorula sp, Rhizopus sp, Saccharomyces sp and Geotrichum sp shared similar frequency and occurred the least. The study showed that fungal populations in the various farms were higher than those in the control. The fungal isolates from the various soil samples differed only little. The nutrient composition of farm soil revealed that the soil samples contain nutrients necessary for fungus and crop growth. The results suggest that plants residue can play a pivotal role in fungal population in soil.
{"title":"Fungal Population in Farming Soils in a Community in Rivers State","authors":"A. O, Dike C.L","doi":"10.56201/jbgr.v8.no1.2022.pg28.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56201/jbgr.v8.no1.2022.pg28.42","url":null,"abstract":"Fungal population were studied from different farming soils in Rukpokwu community, in Rivers State. The control soil was collected from a non- farming soil. Soil samples were collected from different location using a hand auger at dept of 0-15cm and labeled A-F. Mycological and physicochemical analysis were done using standard procedures. The mean total fungal count ranged between 5.21×103 to 2.57×104 CFU/g. The lowest fungal counts were found in sample F (control), while the highest fungal counts were found in sample A. The predominant fungal isolates identified were Mucor sp, Microsporum sp, Candida sp, Penicillium sp, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus sp, Rhodotorula sp, Geotrichum sp, Scopulariopsis sp, and Saccharomyces sp. Candida sp occurred more followed by A. niger while Rodiotorula sp, Rhizopus sp, Saccharomyces sp and Geotrichum sp shared similar frequency and occurred the least. The study showed that fungal populations in the various farms were higher than those in the control. The fungal isolates from the various soil samples differed only little. The nutrient composition of farm soil revealed that the soil samples contain nutrients necessary for fungus and crop growth. The results suggest that plants residue can play a pivotal role in fungal population in soil.","PeriodicalId":365132,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND GENETIC RESEARCH","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126813824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}