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The Mechanisms of Melatonin’s Regulatory Functions on Neural Stem Cells’ Survival, Proliferation and Differentiation 褪黑素对神经干细胞存活、增殖和分化的调控机制
Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.56201/jbgr.v8.no2.2022.pg50.65
Asuku Abraham Olufemi, A. M. Tayo, Ajibare Ayodeji Johnson, Adeyemo Michael Bolaji, Adeyemo Racheal Oluremi, Olajide Tobiloba Samuel
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are cells that can self-replicate and differentiate in the central nervous system into neurons and glial cells. The sub granular zone (SGZ) in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) and the sub ventricular zone (SVZ) are the two principal locations where NSCs are discovered in the adult brain. The recent identification of NSCs in adult mammalian brains has sparked a flurry of preclinical and translational research to examine brand-new strategies for treating neurodegenerative illnesses. Therefore, mobilizing endogenous NSCs has become a possible therapeutic strategy for brain repair. The main secretory substance produced and released by the pineal gland is melatonin, which has a wide range of biological functions. Melatonin has recently been shown to play a significant role in NSCs, including their proliferation, differentiation, and survival. These processes are regulated by a variety of factors such as the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, histone acetylation, neurotrophic factors, and apoptotic genes that are discussed in this review.
神经干细胞(NSCs)是一种在中枢神经系统中能够自我复制并分化为神经元和胶质细胞的细胞。海马齿状回(DG)的亚颗粒区(SGZ)和脑室下区(SVZ)是在成人大脑中发现NSCs的两个主要位置。最近在成年哺乳动物大脑中发现的NSCs引发了一系列临床前和转化研究,以研究治疗神经退行性疾病的新策略。因此,动员内源性NSCs已成为一种可能的脑修复治疗策略。松果体产生和释放的主要分泌物质是褪黑激素,具有广泛的生物学功能。褪黑素最近被证明在NSCs的增殖、分化和存活中起着重要作用。这些过程受到多种因素的调控,如MAPK/ERK信号通路、组蛋白乙酰化、神经营养因子和凋亡基因,本文将对这些因素进行讨论。
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引用次数: 0
Utilizing Biological Tools for Sustainable Environmental Pollution Management 利用生物工具进行可持续的环境污染管理
Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.56201/jbgr.v8.no1.2022.pg42.49
Aniama Salome Ojone
The paper intends to highlight the utilization of biological tools for sustainable environmental pollution management. This is because the constant alteration and modification of environment by man has brought about a negative change in the environment as the failure and inadequacies of developmental process brings about environmental challenges by way of pollution. It is therefore important to bring to bear how biological tools could be used to correct these anomalies. The use of biological methods to deal with environmental pollution can bring about eco-friendly environment and improved economic and financial benefits. Among the recommendations is that educational and awareness programs should be organized to control pollution as good hygienic practices can prevent disease.
本文旨在强调生物工具在可持续环境污染管理中的应用。这是因为人类对环境的不断改变和改造带来了环境的负面变化,因为发展过程的失败和不充分以污染的方式带来了环境挑战。因此,重要的是要考虑如何使用生物工具来纠正这些异常。利用生物方法治理环境污染,既能实现生态友好,又能提高经济效益和财政效益。其中一项建议是,应该组织教育和意识项目来控制污染,因为良好的卫生习惯可以预防疾病。
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引用次数: 0
Quantal Response and Histopathological Effects of Sub-lethal Concentrations of a Selected Oilfield Chemical on African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) 某油田化学品亚致死浓度对非洲鲶鱼的定量反应及组织病理学影响
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.56201/jbgr.v8.no2.2022.pg22.41
Ibienebo Chris Davies, Efekemo, Oghenetekevwe, Evelyn Godwin Amaewhule
The behavioural and histological effects of sublethal concentrations (0.0 ml/L, 12.8 ml/L, 25.59 ml/L, 38.39 ml/L, 51.19 ml/L, and 63.99 ml/L) of Xylene were evaluated in African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) after 28 days of exposure. Physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, conductivity, hydrogen ion concentration (pH), total hardness, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, ammonia, and nitrate levels in the experiment were monitored using the standard method. Significant variations were observed in the different units except for the controlled unit. Behavioural changes were observed closely during the sublethal toxicity test using standard procedures. The bioassay experiments were repeated three times and the renewable test method was used. concentrations showed histopathological alterations in the gills and liver. Severely deformations were observed at 12.80ml/l, 38.39ml/l), 51.19ml/l, and 63.99ml/l. No form of abnormalities was observed in the fish gill and liver in the controlled unit. Progressive hyperventilation, faster operculum and tail beat movement, erratic movement, gulping of air, and spiralling. jumping, display of vigorous jerky movement suffocation, and loss of reflex were observed in C. gariepinus exposed to higher sublethal concentrations of Xylene. There was a significant dose-dependent variation in parameters in the experiment. In conclusion, xylene caused an alteration in the histopathological parameters and the behaviour of C. garienpinus. Therefore, we recommend the need for realistic regulatory measures and proper monitoring and sensitization on use to stakeholders.
研究了亚致死浓度(0.0 ml/L、12.8 ml/L、25.59 ml/L、38.39 ml/L、51.19 ml/L和63.99 ml/L)二甲苯对非洲鲶鱼(Clarias gariepinus) 28 d后的行为和组织学影响。采用标准方法监测实验中的理化参数,如温度、电导率、氢离子浓度(pH)、总硬度、总溶解固形物、溶解氧、总碱度、氨和硝酸盐水平。除控制单元外,在不同单元中观察到显着变化。在使用标准程序进行亚致死毒性试验期间密切观察行为变化。生物测定实验重复3次,采用再生试验法。浓度显示鳃和肝脏的组织病理学改变。12.80ml/l、38.39ml/l、51.19ml/l、63.99ml/l时出现严重变形。在控制单元中,未观察到鱼鳃和肝脏出现任何形式的异常。进行性换气过度,肺盖和尾拍运动加快,运动不稳定,呼吸急促,螺旋式上升。暴露于亚致死浓度较高的二甲苯后,加里平棘猴出现跳跃、剧烈抽搐运动、窒息和反射丧失。实验中参数有明显的剂量依赖性变化。由此可见,二甲苯引起了加里宾弓形虫的组织病理参数和行为的改变。因此,我们建议有必要采取切合实际的监管措施,并对利益相关者的使用进行适当的监测和敏感化。
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引用次数: 0
Nutrient Composition of Lasianthera africana (NKANKA) and its Spoilage Moulds 非洲Lasianthera africana (NKANKA)的营养成分及其腐坏霉菌
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.56201/jbgr.v8.no2.2022.pg13.21
E. O. Wekhe, E. Chuku, S. S. Agbagwa, O. P. Brown
The research on the nutrient composition of Lasianthera africana (Nkanka) and its spoilage moulds was carried out in the Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology Rivers State University Portharcourt. The nkanka leaves were purchased from Mile 3 Market in Portharcourt and was analysed in the laboratory of of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Rivers State University. The results of the proximate analysis of Lasianthera africana leaves revealed that the leaves are rich in moisture (65.45±0.07%) ash (4.515±0.01%), lipid (3.515±0.02%) fibre (6.48±0.06%), carbohydrate (3.34±0.07%) and protein (16.70±0.07%) respectively. Mineral assessment revealed the presence of Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium and vitamin C, A and B1. Phytochemical composition showed the presence of Glycoside, Oxalate, saponins, tannins, carotenoid, polyphenol, flavonoid and lignant. The fungal characterization produced three organisms viz; Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus sp, and Mucor sp with perentage incidences of 60% and 20% respectively. In conclusion, lasianthera africana leaves should be regularly consumed as they are used for the treatment of diarrhoea, dysentry, stomach troubles, ulcers and diabetes and also they are prone to fungal contaminations. Therefore, proper care should be taken during harvest and storage to reduce contamination
对非洲Lasianthera africana (Nkanka)及其腐败霉菌的营养成分进行了研究。nkanka叶子是从Portharcourt的Mile 3市场购买的,并在河流州立大学植物科学与生物技术实验室进行了分析。结果表明,非洲Lasianthera叶片分别富含水分(65.45±0.07%)、灰分(4.515±0.01%)、脂肪(3.515±0.02%)、纤维(6.48±0.06%)、碳水化合物(3.34±0.07%)和蛋白质(16.70±0.07%)。矿物评估显示存在钙、铁、镁、磷、钾、钠和维生素C、A和B1。植物化学成分主要有苷类、草酸类、皂苷类、单宁类、类胡萝卜素、多酚类、类黄酮类和色素。真菌鉴定产生三种微生物:;黑曲霉、根霉和毛霉的感染率分别为60%和20%。总之,非洲灯叶应该经常食用,因为它们被用来治疗腹泻、痢疾、胃病、溃疡和糖尿病,而且它们容易受到真菌污染。因此,在收获和储存期间应采取适当的措施以减少污染
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引用次数: 1
Species, Age and Sex Effect on Thermoregulatory Parameters of Animals in Hot Season of Mubi 木壁热季物种、年龄和性别对动物体温调节参数的影响
Pub Date : 2022-08-11 DOI: 10.56201/jbgr.v8.no2.2022.pg1.12
H. Y. Abbaya, Y. Philimon, A. Elihu, A. Lawal, I. A. Lumboyi
The study was carried out to determine the effect of species, sex and age on thermoregulatory traits of three species of animals in the hot season of Mubi. The species were cattle, sheep and goat. A total of forty eight (48) animals were used, comprising of sixteen (16) each of cattle, sheep and goat that were sourced at international cattle market Mubi. Thermoregulatory parameters taken were, rectal temperature (RT), Respiration rate (RR) and Pulse rate (PR). Heat Tolerance Coefficient was calculated as an index. The thermoregulatory traits measured were subjected to analysis of variance using statistical analysis for sciences (SAS) and means were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test. Species and sex significantly (P<0.05) affected rectal temperature and pulse rate. The highest recorded rectal temperature was in goat (39.74 0C). The highest pulse rate was in cattle (59.08 beats/minutes). The highest recorded rectal temperature was in male cattle (39.03 0C). The highest pulse rate was in female goat (36.97 beats/ minute), respectively. The highest recorded rectal temperature was in adult sheep (39.03 0C). The highest recoded respiratory rate was in young cattle (72.67 breaths/minute). The highest recorded pulse rate was in young sheep (39.33beats/minute). The highest recoded heat tolerance coefficient was in young cattle (4.48). Respiration rate perfectly correlated positively (P<0.001; r=0.99) with Heat Tolerant Coefficient. It was concluded that sheep had better thermoregulation ability than cattle and goat. This study recommend a provision of sheds at animal’s stands to reduce the direct effect of radiation on the animals at Mubi livestock market
研究了木壁炎热季节,物种、性别和年龄对3种动物体温调节特性的影响。这些物种是牛、绵羊和山羊。总共使用了48只动物,包括牛、绵羊和山羊各16只,均来自国际牛市场Mubi。测量体温调节参数为直肠温度(RT)、呼吸频率(RR)和脉搏率(PR)。计算耐热系数作为指标。测得的温度调节性状采用科学统计分析(SAS)进行方差分析,均数采用Duncan多元极差检验分离。物种和性别对直肠温度和脉搏率有显著影响(P<0.05)。有记录的最高直肠温度为山羊(39.74℃)。脉搏率最高的是牛(59.08次/分)。有记录的最高直肠温度为雄性牛(39.03℃)。母山羊脉搏率最高,分别为36.97次/分。有记录的最高直肠温度为成年羊(39.03℃)。记录呼吸率最高的是幼牛(72.67次/分钟)。记录的脉搏率最高的是幼羊(39.33次/分钟)。编码耐热系数最高的是幼牛(4.48)。呼吸速率完全正相关(P<0.001;r=0.99)。由此可见,绵羊的体温调节能力优于牛和山羊。本研究建议在动物摊位设置棚子,以减少辐射对Mubi牲畜市场动物的直接影响
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引用次数: 0
Fungal Population in Farming Soils in a Community in Rivers State 河流州一个社区耕作土壤中的真菌种群
Pub Date : 2022-07-02 DOI: 10.56201/jbgr.v8.no1.2022.pg28.42
A. O, Dike C.L
Fungal population were studied from different farming soils in Rukpokwu community, in Rivers State. The control soil was collected from a non- farming soil. Soil samples were collected from different location using a hand auger at dept of 0-15cm and labeled A-F. Mycological and physicochemical analysis were done using standard procedures. The mean total fungal count ranged between 5.21×103 to 2.57×104 CFU/g. The lowest fungal counts were found in sample F (control), while the highest fungal counts were found in sample A. The predominant fungal isolates identified were Mucor sp, Microsporum sp, Candida sp, Penicillium sp, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus sp, Rhodotorula sp, Geotrichum sp, Scopulariopsis sp, and Saccharomyces sp. Candida sp occurred more followed by A. niger while Rodiotorula sp, Rhizopus sp, Saccharomyces sp and Geotrichum sp shared similar frequency and occurred the least. The study showed that fungal populations in the various farms were higher than those in the control. The fungal isolates from the various soil samples differed only little. The nutrient composition of farm soil revealed that the soil samples contain nutrients necessary for fungus and crop growth. The results suggest that plants residue can play a pivotal role in fungal population in soil.
对河流州Rukpokwu社区不同耕作土壤中的真菌种群进行了研究。对照土壤采自非农业土壤。使用手动螺旋钻在0-15cm深度的不同位置采集土壤样品,并标记为a - f。采用标准程序进行真菌学和理化分析。平均真菌总数在5.21×103至2.57×104 CFU/g之间。样品F(对照)真菌数量最少,样品a真菌数量最多,鉴定出的优势真菌分离物为Mucor sp、Microsporum sp、Candida sp、Penicillium sp、Aspergillus niger、Aspergillus flavus、Rhizopus sp、Rhodotorula sp、Geotrichum sp、Scopulariopsis sp和Saccharomyces sp,其次为Candida sp,其次为Rodiotorula sp、Rhizopus sp、Saccharomyces sp和Geotrichum sp出现频率相似,出现频率最低。研究表明,各农场的真菌数量均高于对照。不同土壤样品的真菌分离株差异不大。农田土壤的养分组成表明,土壤样品含有真菌和作物生长所必需的养分。结果表明,植物残体在真菌种群中起着关键作用。
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