Reid's theory, which explains the origin of earthquakes as the release of elastic deformation energy by the earth's crust, does not allow the creation of a theory of deep-focus earthquakes. We can say with confidence: - if humanity had not experienced disasters caused by deeply focused earthquakes, scientists would still have argued that such events cannot occur in nature. This article shows a model of a deep-focus earthquake, which is a classic hydraulic shock, a well-studied process followed by a phase transition of the rock material and the formation of plasma. It is known that where the fluid flows (in our case, magma) through various pipes (in our case these are different cracks in the mantle, volcanic vents, kimberlite pipes), hydraulic shocks always occurred. This routine process in hydrodynamics studied far and wide, causes the birth of a special kind of plasma in the bowels of the Earth - Warm Dense Matter (WDM), which, in our opinion, is a generator of earthquakes. This article discusses the possibility of obtaining WDM due to the energy of a hydraulic shock with the subsequent explosion of the resulting concentrated plasma and the formation of seismic waves…
{"title":"Warm Dense Matter Generator of Earthquakes?","authors":"S. Bychkov","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3498652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3498652","url":null,"abstract":"Reid's theory, which explains the origin of earthquakes as the release of elastic deformation energy by the earth's crust, does not allow the creation of a theory of deep-focus earthquakes. We can say with confidence: - if humanity had not experienced disasters caused by deeply focused earthquakes, scientists would still have argued that such events cannot occur in nature. This article shows a model of a deep-focus earthquake, which is a classic hydraulic shock, a well-studied process followed by a phase transition of the rock material and the formation of plasma. It is known that where the fluid flows (in our case, magma) through various pipes (in our case these are different cracks in the mantle, volcanic vents, kimberlite pipes), hydraulic shocks always occurred. This routine process in hydrodynamics studied far and wide, causes the birth of a special kind of plasma in the bowels of the Earth - Warm Dense Matter (WDM), which, in our opinion, is a generator of earthquakes. This article discusses the possibility of obtaining WDM due to the energy of a hydraulic shock with the subsequent explosion of the resulting concentrated plasma and the formation of seismic waves…","PeriodicalId":369184,"journal":{"name":"GeographyRN: Geomorphology (Topic)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122848024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kumar R. Rao, Sreekeshava K. S., Manish S. Dharek, P. Sunagar
A raster based route alignment using multi criteria factors created as raster layers is useful for evolving total cost raster layer utilized at different stages for multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). The integration of least cost path algorithm into the 3-D view of the terrain or false color composite Remote sensing data can give value addition in planning process and formulation of action plans. The designing of optimum route alignment depends upon the number of factor considered in the process of corridor analysis model for finding the optimum route for alignment to ensure designing of the road from source to a destination within two specified end point locations. The raster data layer on land use and land cover type can be prepared for generating relative cost layer using the image classification algorithms and the slope raster layer can be obtained from the digital Elevation Model. The optimum route has the least cost and it can incorporate parameters on environmental, technical, social, and economic issues. The raster corridor analysis has been implemented to design optimum route alignment between two locations in the Himalayan region of India to consider the suitability of the technique for hill road construction. The details of the same are given in the paper.
{"title":"Raster Least Cost Approach for Automated Corridor Alignment in Undulated Terrain","authors":"Kumar R. Rao, Sreekeshava K. S., Manish S. Dharek, P. Sunagar","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3517652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3517652","url":null,"abstract":"A raster based route alignment using multi criteria factors created as raster layers is useful for evolving total cost raster layer utilized at different stages for multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). The integration of least cost path algorithm into the 3-D view of the terrain or false color composite Remote sensing data can give value addition in planning process and formulation of action plans. The designing of optimum route alignment depends upon the number of factor considered in the process of corridor analysis model for finding the optimum route for alignment to ensure designing of the road from source to a destination within two specified end point locations. The raster data layer on land use and land cover type can be prepared for generating relative cost layer using the image classification algorithms and the slope raster layer can be obtained from the digital Elevation Model. The optimum route has the least cost and it can incorporate parameters on environmental, technical, social, and economic issues. The raster corridor analysis has been implemented to design optimum route alignment between two locations in the Himalayan region of India to consider the suitability of the technique for hill road construction. The details of the same are given in the paper.","PeriodicalId":369184,"journal":{"name":"GeographyRN: Geomorphology (Topic)","volume":"219 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122838393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shipping, an important factor in the operation of the world economy is a digital age laggard. Digitization can make it more efficient, sustainable, and safer. For IS researchers this domain is also relatively unexplored, and there are opportunities for IS scholars to provide theoretical advances in describing, modeling, and redesigning the maritime ecosystem. This article introduces a research agenda for maritime informatics. Building on complex adaptive systems (CAS) theory, capital creation systems thinking, and episodic tight coupling, the maritime industry is conceived as a self-organizing ecosystem (SOE). In an SOE, autonomous organizations emerge to meet the various needs of a central, but not coordinating, entity. A systematic approach is applied to develop eight research questions about SOEs, based on three of their major characteristics identified by network analysis, namely (1) An SOE is an aggregation of agents whose diverse capabilities are identified by tags; (2) Actions by agents, both intentional and unintentional, change an ecosystem’s environment and can have non-linear effects on other agents, including the initiating agent; (3) As part of the capital creation process, agents episodically tightly couple to create physical and informational flows and capital. System dynamics and object orientation are applied to provide validity for, and to suggest methods for answering the research questions. These questions provide a grounding for maritime informatics research, as well as exploring SOEs generally.
{"title":"A Research Agenda for Self-Organizing Ecosystems: The Case for Maritime Informatics","authors":"R. Watson, M. Lind","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2891660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2891660","url":null,"abstract":"Shipping, an important factor in the operation of the world economy is a digital age laggard. Digitization can make it more efficient, sustainable, and safer. For IS researchers this domain is also relatively unexplored, and there are opportunities for IS scholars to provide theoretical advances in describing, modeling, and redesigning the maritime ecosystem. This article introduces a research agenda for maritime informatics. Building on complex adaptive systems (CAS) theory, capital creation systems thinking, and episodic tight coupling, the maritime industry is conceived as a self-organizing ecosystem (SOE). In an SOE, autonomous organizations emerge to meet the various needs of a central, but not coordinating, entity. A systematic approach is applied to develop eight research questions about SOEs, based on three of their major characteristics identified by network analysis, namely (1) An SOE is an aggregation of agents whose diverse capabilities are identified by tags; (2) Actions by agents, both intentional and unintentional, change an ecosystem’s environment and can have non-linear effects on other agents, including the initiating agent; (3) As part of the capital creation process, agents episodically tightly couple to create physical and informational flows and capital. System dynamics and object orientation are applied to provide validity for, and to suggest methods for answering the research questions. These questions provide a grounding for maritime informatics research, as well as exploring SOEs generally.","PeriodicalId":369184,"journal":{"name":"GeographyRN: Geomorphology (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130413721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are simple well-known conditions for the validity of regression and cor- relation as statistical tools. We analyse by examples the eect of nonstationarity on inference using these methods and compare them to model based inference. Finally we analyse some data on annual mean temperature and sea level, by ap- plying the cointegrated vector autoregressive model, which explicitly takes into account the nonstationarity of the variables.
{"title":"The Analysis of Nonstationary Time Series Using Regression, Correlation and Cointegration with an Application to Annual Mean Temperature and Sea Level","authors":"S. Johansen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1693759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1693759","url":null,"abstract":"There are simple well-known conditions for the validity of regression and cor- relation as statistical tools. We analyse by examples the eect of nonstationarity on inference using these methods and compare them to model based inference. Finally we analyse some data on annual mean temperature and sea level, by ap- plying the cointegrated vector autoregressive model, which explicitly takes into account the nonstationarity of the variables.","PeriodicalId":369184,"journal":{"name":"GeographyRN: Geomorphology (Topic)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122008661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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