1. Abstract Background: Trichotillomania is a self-induced psychocutaneous dermatosis that is considered an impulse control disorder associated with obsessive-compulsive features. The disorder is characterized alopecia caused by repetitive pulling of own hair which cause irregular shape areas, partially devoid of hair. Treatment of the condition is generally unsatisfactory, because the condition is commonly resistant to treatment and relapse is common. Patients and methods: The case of girl with persistent alopecia of several months despite several treatments by several dermatologists was studied. The available evidence-based pharmacologic therapies that can be useful for the child’s condition was reviewed. Results: A thirteen-year old girl was referred to pediatric psychiatry clinic at the Children Teaching Hospital of Baghdad Medical City because of persistent alopecia of several months despite several treatments by several dermatologists. The parents didn’t give clues to any a psychosocial stress in the family. Although the parents were finding at several occasions tufts of hair in the bed of girl when awakening her at the morning, they were surprised to learn that her condition is self-induced. The girl was rather shy and denied pulling her hair. Examination of her scalp showed irregular shape areas, partially devoid of hair suggesting trichotillomania. The patient was not from Baghdad and there was no pediatric psychiatry service in the province where she came from. It was not possible to the girl a cognitive behavioral therapy in a busy tertiary center, nor was this convenient to her family. The need for a pharmacologic therapy was clearly demanded. Review of the available research evidence suggests that monotherapy of trichotillomania is not consistently effective and combination of therapies is more likely to be successful. Conclusion: Trichotillomania remains a challenging psychiatric condition with no first- line medications universally approved. The available evidence suggests that monotherapy of trichotillomania is not consistently effective and combination of therapies is more likely to be successful. The combination of a safer antidepressant, clomipramine with a safer neuroleptic, risperidone with or without the addition of N-acetylcysteine represents the current evidence-based recommendation for the pharmacologic treatment of childhood trichotillomania.
{"title":"Childhood Trichotillomania: A Case and a Review of the Available Evidence-Based Pharmacologic Therapies.","authors":"Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi","doi":"10.46940/sjpmh.01.1006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46940/sjpmh.01.1006","url":null,"abstract":"1. Abstract\u0000Background: Trichotillomania is a self-induced psychocutaneous dermatosis that is considered an impulse control disorder associated with obsessive-compulsive features. The disorder is characterized alopecia caused by repetitive pulling of own hair which cause irregular shape areas, partially devoid of hair. Treatment of the condition is generally unsatisfactory, because the condition is commonly resistant to treatment and relapse is common.\u0000Patients and methods: The case of girl with persistent alopecia of several months despite several treatments by several dermatologists was studied. The available evidence-based pharmacologic therapies that can be useful for the child’s condition was reviewed.\u0000Results: A thirteen-year old girl was referred to pediatric psychiatry clinic at the Children Teaching Hospital of Baghdad Medical City because of persistent alopecia of several months despite several treatments by several dermatologists. The parents didn’t give clues to any a psychosocial stress in the family. Although the parents were finding at several occasions tufts of hair in the bed of girl when awakening her at the morning, they were surprised to learn that her condition is self-induced. The girl was rather shy and denied pulling her hair. Examination of her scalp showed irregular shape areas, partially devoid of hair suggesting trichotillomania. The patient was not from Baghdad and there was no pediatric psychiatry service in the province where she came from. It was not possible to the girl a cognitive behavioral therapy in a busy tertiary center, nor was this convenient to her family. \u0000The need for a pharmacologic therapy was clearly demanded. \u0000Review of the available research evidence suggests that monotherapy of trichotillomania is not consistently effective and combination of therapies is more likely to be successful. \u0000Conclusion: Trichotillomania remains a challenging psychiatric condition with no first- line medications universally approved. The available evidence suggests that monotherapy of trichotillomania is not consistently effective and combination of therapies is more likely to be successful. The combination of a safer antidepressant, clomipramine with a safer neuroleptic, risperidone with or without the addition of N-acetylcysteine represents the current evidence-based recommendation for the pharmacologic treatment of childhood trichotillomania.","PeriodicalId":371087,"journal":{"name":"SunKrist Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"513 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131400930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: There are many evidences about relationship between eating behavior and drug addiction. A number of susceptibility loci that point to shared higher order genetic pathways underling addiction were found in genetic studies. This study assumed that a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of food addiction would produce important enrichment in genes and pathways related to addiction. Methods: This study done among 314 women of European ancestry, by using a GWAS of food addiction, which is determined by the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale (mYFAS). Results for enrichment of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (n 5 44), genes (n 5 238) and pathways (n 5 11) involved in drug addiction were tested. Results: Two loci met GW-significance (P< 2.5 10 -8) with no obvious roles in eating behavior, they are mapping to 17q21.31 and 11q13.4. GW results were significantly enriched for gene members of the MAPK signaling pathway (P = 0.02). After adjustment for multiple testing, candidate SNP or gene for drug addiction was not linked with food addiction. Conclusions: limited support was delivered for shared genetic underpinnings of drug addiction and food addiction, although the GWAS of mYFAS, need further investigation and follow up.
{"title":"The Genetic Base for Drug Addiction.","authors":"Srwsh N. qadr","doi":"10.46940/sjdor.01.1005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46940/sjdor.01.1005","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: There are many evidences about relationship between eating behavior and drug addiction. A number of susceptibility loci that point to shared higher order genetic pathways underling addiction were found in genetic studies. This study assumed that a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of food addiction would produce important enrichment in genes and pathways related to addiction.\u0000Methods: This study done among 314 women of European ancestry, by using a GWAS of food addiction, which is determined by the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale (mYFAS). Results for enrichment of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (n 5 44), genes (n 5 238) and pathways (n 5 11) involved in drug addiction were tested. \u0000Results: Two loci met GW-significance (P< 2.5 10 -8) with no obvious roles in eating behavior, they are mapping to 17q21.31 and 11q13.4. GW results were significantly enriched for gene members of the MAPK signaling pathway (P = 0.02). After adjustment for multiple testing, candidate SNP or gene for drug addiction was not linked with food addiction.\u0000Conclusions: limited support was delivered for shared genetic underpinnings of drug addiction and food addiction, although the GWAS of mYFAS, need further investigation and follow up.","PeriodicalId":371087,"journal":{"name":"SunKrist Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128615984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It has been disturbingly observed that many learners in the field of medicine, both undergraduate and postgraduate levels may have satisfactory information acquisition in their fields of study, but fail to use it appropriately when it comes to clinical practice. One of the important roles of instructors and professional trainers in the field of medicine is to encourage learners to adopt deep learning approaches by making the studied materials interesting and design a curriculum and assessment methods that encourage understanding which help in establishing and creating experience. Deep learning is mostly motivated by the interest in understanding the studied materials and the need to interpret the presented knowledge during the course. Comprehension is the main intention and focus of the learners adopting deep learning [1-3]. This special article presents authentic real case studies in child psychiatry aiming at encouraging the learners of this field to adopt deep learning by making these cases interesting with real patients’ photos. These cases which represents major referrals in at the pediatric psychiatry clinic are designed to make comprehension is the essential outcome of learning.
{"title":"Case Studies in Pediatric Psychiatry: An Approach to Deep Learning and Experience Acquisition.","authors":"","doi":"10.46940/sjpmh.01.1004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46940/sjpmh.01.1004","url":null,"abstract":"It has been disturbingly observed that many learners in the field of medicine, both undergraduate and postgraduate levels may have satisfactory information acquisition in their fields of study, but fail to use it appropriately when it comes to clinical practice. One of the important roles of instructors and professional trainers in the field of medicine is to encourage learners to adopt deep learning approaches by making the studied materials interesting and design a curriculum and assessment methods that encourage understanding which help in establishing and creating experience. Deep learning is mostly motivated by the interest in understanding the studied materials and the need to interpret the presented knowledge during the course. Comprehension is the main intention and focus of the learners adopting deep learning [1-3]. \u0000This special article presents authentic real case studies in child psychiatry aiming at encouraging the learners of this field to adopt deep learning by making these cases interesting with real patients’ photos. These cases which represents major referrals in at the pediatric psychiatry clinic are designed to make comprehension is the essential outcome of learning.","PeriodicalId":371087,"journal":{"name":"SunKrist Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127465576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Autistic disorders have become increasingly known as pervasive developmental disorders since the 1980s. They have been recently called autism spectrum disorder mostly by the American Psychiatric Association. They include five chronic disorders marked by early impairment in socialization, communication and behavior. There is no curative therapy or therapies for autistic disorders and they continue to be regarded as lifelong disorders. The aim of this paper is to describe our extensive experiences with treatment of autistic disorders with emphasis on the possibility of curing these disorders with a new therapeutic approach. Marked improvement or disappearance of autistic features in these disorders has not been reported with any therapy before. Materials and methods: During the period from December, 2017 to November, 2019, 116 patients with various autistic disorders were observed at the pediatric psychiatry clinic of the Teaching Hospital of Baghdad Medical City. 84 (72.4%) patients were males and 32 (28.6%) female’s patients were females. The patients’ ages ranged from two years to 16 years. The patients were from several provinces in Iraq including Baghdad, Saladdin, Najaf, Wassit, Kerbalaand Erbil in the North of Iraq). The patients were reported previously in several publications. All the patients had very poor speech development except the patients with Asperger syndrome. Most of the patients with a diagnosis other than Asperger syndrome were not saying any word and few patients were saying few words. Most patients were treated with a new therapeutic approach which included injectable cerebrolysin as the main therapeutic component. Marked improvement or disappearance of autistic features in these disorders has not been reported with any therapy before. The patients were treated with a new approach which aimed at improving the cardinal features of autistic disorders which include impairment of social interaction which is mostly manifested by poor responsiveness to their name and infrequent engagement with others manifested by poor eye contact and infrequently looking to faces. It was not possible to follow all the patients regularly nor was it possible to document details of the treatment and responses of all patients. Results: Almost all the patients treated with the new therapeutic approach experienced some improvement and lessening of the autistic features during the follow-up period. Treatment was also associated with initiation of speech and improvement of repetitive behaviors. It was possible to document complete disappearance of the main autistic features in twenty patients. It seems that the patients who achieved complete disappearance of the main autistic features will need an intensive learning especially of speech to abolish the effect of the time when they were under the effect of autistic behavior and to push them toward a possible cure of their illness. Conclusion: In this paper, we have demonstrated the possibility o
{"title":"Cure of Autistic Disorders: Mission Impossible is Possible in an Illustrated Pioneering Experience.","authors":"","doi":"10.46940/sjpmh.01.1003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46940/sjpmh.01.1003","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Autistic disorders have become increasingly known as pervasive developmental disorders since the 1980s. They have been recently called autism spectrum disorder mostly by the American Psychiatric Association. They include five chronic disorders marked by early impairment in socialization, communication and behavior. There is no curative therapy or therapies for autistic disorders and they continue to be regarded as lifelong disorders. The aim of this paper is to describe our extensive experiences with treatment of autistic disorders with emphasis on the possibility of curing these disorders with a new therapeutic approach. Marked improvement or disappearance of autistic features in these disorders has not been reported with any therapy before. Materials and methods: During the period from December, 2017 to November, 2019, 116 patients with various autistic disorders were observed at the pediatric psychiatry clinic of the Teaching Hospital of Baghdad Medical City. 84 (72.4%) patients were males and 32 (28.6%) female’s patients were females. The patients’ ages ranged from two years to 16 years. The patients were from several provinces in Iraq including Baghdad, Saladdin, Najaf, Wassit, Kerbalaand Erbil in the North of Iraq). The patients were reported previously in several publications. All the patients had very poor speech development except the patients with Asperger syndrome. Most of the patients with a diagnosis other than Asperger syndrome were not saying any word and few patients were saying few words. Most patients were treated with a new therapeutic approach which included injectable cerebrolysin as the main therapeutic component. Marked improvement or disappearance of autistic features in these disorders has not been reported with any therapy before. The patients were treated with a new approach which aimed at improving the cardinal features of autistic disorders which include impairment of social interaction which is mostly manifested by poor responsiveness to their name and infrequent engagement with others manifested by poor eye contact and infrequently looking to faces. It was not possible to follow all the patients regularly nor was it possible to document details of the treatment and responses of all patients. Results: Almost all the patients treated with the new therapeutic approach experienced some improvement and lessening of the autistic features during the follow-up period. Treatment was also associated with initiation of speech and improvement of repetitive behaviors. It was possible to document complete disappearance of the main autistic features in twenty patients. It seems that the patients who achieved complete disappearance of the main autistic features will need an intensive learning especially of speech to abolish the effect of the time when they were under the effect of autistic behavior and to push them toward a possible cure of their illness. Conclusion: In this paper, we have demonstrated the possibility o","PeriodicalId":371087,"journal":{"name":"SunKrist Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129861927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Habit forming in humans is reflexive. We change our environment and ourselves in order to attain maximum comfort and well-being. It is the effort that goes into these adaptive processes that forms a habit. The habit is intended to prevent us from constant experimenting and risk taking. The greater our well-being, the better we function and the longer we survive. Habits can be thought of as obsessive-compulsive rituals intended to reduce and fend off anxiety and provide cognitive closure. They also have a pronounced social function and foster bonding, attachment and group interdependence.
{"title":"Habit-forming in a Time of Pandemic.","authors":"","doi":"10.46940/sjpmh.01.1002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46940/sjpmh.01.1002","url":null,"abstract":"Habit forming in humans is reflexive. We change our environment and ourselves in order to attain maximum comfort and well-being. It is the effort that goes into these adaptive processes that forms a habit. The habit is intended to prevent us from constant experimenting and risk taking. The greater our well-being, the better we function and the longer we survive. Habits can be thought of as obsessive-compulsive rituals intended to reduce and fend off anxiety and provide cognitive closure. They also have a pronounced social function and foster bonding, attachment and group interdependence.","PeriodicalId":371087,"journal":{"name":"SunKrist Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125656794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Habit forming in humans is reflexive. We change our environment and ourselves in order to attain maximum comfort and well-being. It is the effort that goes into these adaptive processes that forms a habit. The habit is intended to prevent us from constant experimenting and risk taking. The greater our well-being, the better we function and the longer we survive. Habits can be thought of as obsessive-compulsive rituals intended to reduce and fend off anxiety and provide cognitive closure. They also have a pronounced social function and foster bonding, attachment and group interdependence.
{"title":"The Psychopathology of the Manosphere.","authors":"","doi":"10.46940/sjpmh.01.1001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46940/sjpmh.01.1001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000Habit forming in humans is reflexive. We change our environment and ourselves in order to attain maximum comfort and well-being. It is the effort that goes into these adaptive processes that forms a habit. The habit is intended to prevent us from constant experimenting and risk taking. The greater our well-being, the better we function and the longer we survive. Habits can be thought of as obsessive-compulsive rituals intended to reduce and fend off anxiety and provide cognitive closure. They also have a pronounced social function and foster bonding, attachment and group interdependence.","PeriodicalId":371087,"journal":{"name":"SunKrist Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128043779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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