This study compared the activation of the clavicular, sternocostal and abdominal heads of the pectoralis major (PM) and the long portion of the triceps brachii during the execution of the bench press with several inclinations, grip types, and grip widths. Thirteen healthy men with more than a year of resistance training experience participated in this study. The subjects performed 6 repetitions of various variations of the bench press at angles of -15°, 0° and 30° with grip width of 100% and 200% of their biacromial width in both pronation and supination with a load equivalent of their respective 12RM for each movement. EMG, bar acceleration and shoulder angle were recorded during each repetition. Activation of the clavicular head of the PM was, compared to a wide pronation at 0°, significantly higher at a close pronation at 0°and 30°; during a close supination at 30° and during a wide supination at 30°. Activation of the sternocostal head of the PM was, during a wide pronation at 0°, significantly higher than during a close supination at 0°, 30° and -15°; during a wide supination at 30; during a wide supination at 0° and 30° and at close pronation at 30° and -15°. Activation of the abdominal head of the PM was significantly better with wide pronation at -15° and 0° compared to all positions at 30°. Triceps brachii were better solicited during close pronation at 0° and -15° compared to supinated grip at 0° and 30°. Results from this study show that the bench press exercise performed with a wide pronation grip at 0° can maximize the activation of the three heads of the PM.
{"title":"The Effect of 12 variations of the bench press exercise on the EMG activity of three heads of the pectoralis major","authors":"Xavier Roy, Keven Arseneault, Pierre Sercia","doi":"10.47206/iuscaj.v1i1.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47206/iuscaj.v1i1.39","url":null,"abstract":"This study compared the activation of the clavicular, sternocostal and abdominal heads of the pectoralis major (PM) and the long portion of the triceps brachii during the execution of the bench press with several inclinations, grip types, and grip widths. Thirteen healthy men with more than a year of resistance training experience participated in this study. The subjects performed 6 repetitions of various variations of the bench press at angles of -15°, 0° and 30° with grip width of 100% and 200% of their biacromial width in both pronation and supination with a load equivalent of their respective 12RM for each movement. EMG, bar acceleration and shoulder angle were recorded during each repetition. Activation of the clavicular head of the PM was, compared to a wide pronation at 0°, significantly higher at a close pronation at 0°and 30°; during a close supination at 30° and during a wide supination at 30°. Activation of the sternocostal head of the PM was, during a wide pronation at 0°, significantly higher than during a close supination at 0°, 30° and -15°; during a wide supination at 30; during a wide supination at 0° and 30° and at close pronation at 30° and -15°. Activation of the abdominal head of the PM was significantly better with wide pronation at -15° and 0° compared to all positions at 30°. Triceps brachii were better solicited during close pronation at 0° and -15° compared to supinated grip at 0° and 30°. Results from this study show that the bench press exercise performed with a wide pronation grip at 0° can maximize the activation of the three heads of the PM.","PeriodicalId":374236,"journal":{"name":"IUSCA Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133887798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of an 11-week unilateral versus bilateral plyometric training intervention on maximal isometric voluntary (MVC) knee extensor torque, countermovement jump height (CMJ), running economy (RE) and 3-km time trial (TT) performance. Twenty-seven recreationally trained endurance runners (12 females and 15 males) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: unilateral plyometric training (UPT; n = 9), bilateral plyometric training (BPT; n = 9) and control (CON; n = 9). RE, VO2max, 3-km treadmill TT, isometric MVC (bilateral and unilateral) and CMJ (bilateral and unilateral) were measured prior to and after 11 weeks of training (UPT and BPT; volume equated, 20-40 minutes, 2-3 days/week). Separate two-way repeated measures ANOVAs were used to assess within and between group differences in RE, VO2max, 3-km TT, maximal isometric knee extensor torque and CMJ. Following 11 weeks of plyometric training there were significant improvements in RE (UPT 5.6%; BPT 4.9%, p < 0.01) and 3-km TT performance (UPT 2.4%; BPT 2.5%, p < 0.01) in addition to CMJ (UPT 12.5%; BPT 14.5%, p < 0.01) and maximal isometric knee extensor torque in the unilateral group (14.0%, p < 0.01). No significant differences in VO2max or anthropometric measures were detected (p > 0.05). No statistically significant differences between training interventions (p > 0.05) were detected in any measure. These data demonstrate that UPT and BPT result in similar improvements in RE and 3-km TT run performance in recreational distance runners.
该研究的目的是调查11周单侧与双侧增强训练干预对最大等距自主(MVC)膝关节伸肌扭矩、反运动跳跃高度(CMJ)、跑步经济性(RE)和3公里计时赛(TT)表现的影响。27名经过娱乐性训练的耐力跑者(12名女性和15名男性)被随机分为三组:单侧增强训练(UPT);n = 9)，双侧增强训练(BPT;n = 9)和对照组(CON;在训练前和训练后11周分别测量RE、VO2max、3公里跑步机TT、等长MVC(双侧和单侧)和CMJ(双侧和单侧)(UPT和BPT;体积相等，20-40分钟，2-3天/周)。采用单独的双向重复测量anova来评估组内和组间RE、VO2max、3 km TT、最大等距膝关节伸肌扭矩和CMJ的差异。经过11周的增强训练，RE有显著改善(UPT 5.6%;BPT 4.9%， p < 0.01)和3 km TT性能(UPT 2.4%;BPT 2.5%， p < 0.01)， CMJ (UPT 12.5%;单侧组BPT为14.5% (p < 0.01)，最大等距膝关节伸肌扭矩为14.0% (p < 0.01)。VO2max和人体测量值无显著差异(p > 0.05)。训练干预之间的差异无统计学意义(p > 0.05)。这些数据表明，UPT和BPT对休闲长跑运动员的RE和3公里TT跑性能的改善效果相似。
{"title":"Effects of Unilateral Versus Bilateral Plyometric Training on Endurance Running Performance","authors":"Ian Greenwood, A. Kay, A. Baross","doi":"10.47206/iuscaj.v1i1.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47206/iuscaj.v1i1.36","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of an 11-week unilateral versus bilateral plyometric training intervention on maximal isometric voluntary (MVC) knee extensor torque, countermovement jump height (CMJ), running economy (RE) and 3-km time trial (TT) performance. Twenty-seven recreationally trained endurance runners (12 females and 15 males) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: unilateral plyometric training (UPT; n = 9), bilateral plyometric training (BPT; n = 9) and control (CON; n = 9). RE, VO2max, 3-km treadmill TT, isometric MVC (bilateral and unilateral) and CMJ (bilateral and unilateral) were measured prior to and after 11 weeks of training (UPT and BPT; volume equated, 20-40 minutes, 2-3 days/week). Separate two-way repeated measures ANOVAs were used to assess within and between group differences in RE, VO2max, 3-km TT, maximal isometric knee extensor torque and CMJ. Following 11 weeks of plyometric training there were significant improvements in RE (UPT 5.6%; BPT 4.9%, p < 0.01) and 3-km TT performance (UPT 2.4%; BPT 2.5%, p < 0.01) in addition to CMJ (UPT 12.5%; BPT 14.5%, p < 0.01) and maximal isometric knee extensor torque in the unilateral group (14.0%, p < 0.01). No significant differences in VO2max or anthropometric measures were detected (p > 0.05). No statistically significant differences between training interventions (p > 0.05) were detected in any measure. These data demonstrate that UPT and BPT result in similar improvements in RE and 3-km TT run performance in recreational distance runners. ","PeriodicalId":374236,"journal":{"name":"IUSCA Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121456457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Strongmen are characterised by large mass they use to perform feats of strength, the effect this large mass has on the athlete’s health are unknown. The aim of this study was to: characterise a group of strongmen and to compare observed values with established parameters for good health. We measured: resting metabolic rate, body composition, skinfolds, lipid profiles, fasted glucose, blood pressure, power output, and grip strength in 6 competitive strongmen over 6 months. Blood pressure varied with 3 of the strongmen recording hypertensive values. Fasted blood glucose levels aligned with values for healthy adults, cholesterol/lipid profiles variable with the suggestion that values are generally poorer in strongmen than in healthy adults. The large body mass of the strongmen corresponded with a large amount of adipose tissue, which may incur risk for non-communicable disease. Furthermore, the risk of disease may be further compounded by anabolic steroid use. Dietary considerations are made for protecting cardiovascular health and the potential for 'healthy' weight gain. To our knowledge this is the first such nested cohort study in the area of strongmen competitors. Larger studies are needed to confirm and further elucidate this data. Considerations for protecting the health of strongman competition is made.
{"title":"A Case Study Series of the Health Status and Key Anthropometry in Very Large Strength Athletes","authors":"A. Chappell, T. Simper","doi":"10.47206/IUSCAJ.V1I1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47206/IUSCAJ.V1I1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Strongmen are characterised by large mass they use to perform feats of strength, the effect this large mass has on the athlete’s health are unknown. The aim of this study was to: characterise a group of strongmen and to compare observed values with established parameters for good health. We measured: resting metabolic rate, body composition, skinfolds, lipid profiles, fasted glucose, blood pressure, power output, and grip strength in 6 competitive strongmen over 6 months. Blood pressure varied with 3 of the strongmen recording hypertensive values. Fasted blood glucose levels aligned with values for healthy adults, cholesterol/lipid profiles variable with the suggestion that values are generally poorer in strongmen than in healthy adults. The large body mass of the strongmen corresponded with a large amount of adipose tissue, which may incur risk for non-communicable disease. Furthermore, the risk of disease may be further compounded by anabolic steroid use. Dietary considerations are made for protecting cardiovascular health and the potential for 'healthy' weight gain. To our knowledge this is the first such nested cohort study in the area of strongmen competitors. Larger studies are needed to confirm and further elucidate this data. Considerations for protecting the health of strongman competition is made.","PeriodicalId":374236,"journal":{"name":"IUSCA Journal","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115167011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this brief report is to report the findings of an investigation of the potential influence of the removal of achievement feedback on subjects undertaking maximal fitness testing. Subjects were asked to complete a two incremental volitional time-to-exhaustion cycle ergometer trials, one with feedback and one without. The final minute of each trial, following the last increase in increment in resistance was broken down into four 15-second intervals and a frequency count made of how many subjects stopped within each interval. A chi-square test was used to determine that there was a significant difference between the expected frequencies and the observed frequencies (p<0.05) in the feedback condition. With feedback, subjects were significantly more likely to stop in the first interval (0-15s) while without feedback subjects were evenly distributed across all four intervals. There was also a non-significant, but medium-to-large difference, in time-to-exhaustion with those in the feedback condition going an average 39.44s longer. This suggests a potential psychological element related to goal achievement that influences performance in incremental volitional time-to-exhaustion cycle ergometer trials. The information subjects have available on which to base goals (level of increment, time etc.) needs to be managed to prevent spontaneous goal setting and ensure true time-to-exhaustion is achieved.
{"title":"The Influence of Removing the Perception of Achievement on Performance in Volitional Time-to-Exhaustion Cycle Ergometer Trials","authors":"R. Lorimer, J. Babraj","doi":"10.47206/IUSCAJ.V1I1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47206/IUSCAJ.V1I1.12","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this brief report is to report the findings of an investigation of the potential influence of the removal of achievement feedback on subjects undertaking maximal fitness testing. Subjects were asked to complete a two incremental volitional time-to-exhaustion cycle ergometer trials, one with feedback and one without. The final minute of each trial, following the last increase in increment in resistance was broken down into four 15-second intervals and a frequency count made of how many subjects stopped within each interval. A chi-square test was used to determine that there was a significant difference between the expected frequencies and the observed frequencies (p<0.05) in the feedback condition. With feedback, subjects were significantly more likely to stop in the first interval (0-15s) while without feedback subjects were evenly distributed across all four intervals. There was also a non-significant, but medium-to-large difference, in time-to-exhaustion with those in the feedback condition going an average 39.44s longer. This suggests a potential psychological element related to goal achievement that influences performance in incremental volitional time-to-exhaustion cycle ergometer trials. The information subjects have available on which to base goals (level of increment, time etc.) needs to be managed to prevent spontaneous goal setting and ensure true time-to-exhaustion is achieved.","PeriodicalId":374236,"journal":{"name":"IUSCA Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129043783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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