It has been long acknowledged that the production and perception of speech are affected by the presence or absence of higher levels of linguistic information, too. The recoverability of meaning heavily relies on semantic context (Ganong 1980); similarly, the precision of articulation is inversely proportional to the presence of semantic information (Goldrick et al. 2013; Kitahara et al. 2019). Diachronic phonological processes, for example, are often reported to seek homophony avoidance (see, e.g., Silverman 2012). The question arises whether homophony avoidance is actively present in synchronic language use, too, and how (if at all) it interacts with phonological contrast maintenance or neutralisation. A number of studies demonstrate that laryngeal processes previously considered to be neutralising (e.g., word-final devoicing, voicing assimilation) are not completely neutralizing phonetically. An underlyingly voiced obstruent often contains more phonation in devoicing contexts than an underlyingly voiceless obstruent, or if this is not the case, other phonetic features like the length of the preceding vowel, or the vowel/consonant duration ratio are systematically different, thereby maintaining the underlying laryngeal contrast (Bárkányi and G. Kiss 2019 provide an overview in Hungarian of this). The present study seeks to explore to what extent a particular lexical factor, homophony avoidance, i.e., whether or not a word forms a minimal pair with another word in the lexicon (“minimal pairhood”), affects the realisation of the primary laryngeal feature, the amount of phonation, in the word-final alveolar stops /t/ and /d/ and the fricatives /s/ and /z/ in potentially neutralising and nonneutralising contexts in the speech of Hungarian native speakers. To this end, acoustic experiments were carried out with test words ending in these obstruents in minimal pairs and non-minimal pairs that were placed in various phonetic environments.
人们早就认识到，语言的产生和感知也受到更高层次语言信息存在与否的影响。意义的可恢复性在很大程度上依赖于语义语境(Ganong 1980);同样，发音的精度与语义信息的存在成反比(Goldrick et al. 2013;Kitahara et al. 2019)。例如，据报道，历时语音过程经常寻求避免同音谐音(参见，例如，Silverman 2012)。问题出现了，同音回避是否也积极地存在于共时语言使用中，以及它是如何(如果有的话)与语音对比维持或中和相互作用的。许多研究表明，以前被认为是中和的喉部过程(例如，词尾发声，发声同化)并没有完全中和语音。在发声环境中，潜在的发声障碍通常比潜在的不发声障碍包含更多的发音，或者如果不是这样，其他语音特征，如前元音的长度，或元音/辅音的持续时间比是系统不同的，从而保持潜在的喉部对比(Bárkányi和G. Kiss 2019用匈牙利语对此进行了概述)。本研究旨在探索一个特定的词汇因素，同音避免，即一个单词是否与词汇中的另一个单词形成最小成对(“最小成对”)，在多大程度上影响了匈牙利语母语者在潜在中和和非中和语境中，在单词的最后一个alveolar stops /t/和/d/以及摩擦音/s/和/z/中实现喉音的主要特征，即发音量。为此，在声学实验中，以这些障碍结尾的测试词以最小对和非最小对的形式被放置在不同的语音环境中。
{"title":"The effect of homophony avoidance in voicing","authors":"Zoltán G. Kiss","doi":"10.57133/evenyrbk.22gk","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57133/evenyrbk.22gk","url":null,"abstract":"It has been long acknowledged that the production and perception of speech are affected by the presence or absence of higher levels of linguistic information, too. The recoverability of meaning heavily relies on semantic context (Ganong 1980); similarly, the precision of articulation is inversely proportional to the presence of semantic information (Goldrick et al. 2013; Kitahara et al. 2019). Diachronic phonological processes, for example, are often reported to seek homophony avoidance (see, e.g., Silverman 2012). The question arises whether homophony avoidance is actively present in synchronic language use, too, and how (if at all) it interacts with phonological contrast maintenance or neutralisation. A number of studies demonstrate that laryngeal processes previously considered to be neutralising (e.g., word-final devoicing, voicing assimilation) are not completely neutralizing phonetically. An underlyingly voiced obstruent often contains more phonation in devoicing contexts than an underlyingly voiceless obstruent, or if this is not the case, other phonetic features like the length of the preceding vowel, or the vowel/consonant duration ratio are systematically different, thereby maintaining the underlying laryngeal contrast (Bárkányi and G. Kiss 2019 provide an overview in Hungarian of this). The present study seeks to explore to what extent a particular lexical factor, homophony avoidance, i.e., whether or not a word forms a minimal pair with another word in the lexicon (“minimal pairhood”), affects the realisation of the primary laryngeal feature, the amount of phonation, in the word-final alveolar stops /t/ and /d/ and the fricatives /s/ and /z/ in potentially neutralising and nonneutralising contexts in the speech of Hungarian native speakers. To this end, acoustic experiments were carried out with test words ending in these obstruents in minimal pairs and non-minimal pairs that were placed in various phonetic environments.","PeriodicalId":383885,"journal":{"name":"The Even Yearbook","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125660676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Not so exceptional case marking in English","authors":"Krisztina Szécsényi, M. Newson","doi":"10.57133/evenyrbk.22ns","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57133/evenyrbk.22ns","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":383885,"journal":{"name":"The Even Yearbook","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129959231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"‘They are what define us’, ‘You are what make us great’. Plural-agreeing what in free relatives serving as predicates","authors":"Marcel den Dikken","doi":"10.57133/evenyrbk.22di","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57133/evenyrbk.22di","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":383885,"journal":{"name":"The Even Yearbook","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131181326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
György Komáromi Csipkés was a Hungarian Calvinist theologian, translator of the Bible, a prolific writer in ecclesiastical topics, and a man of many other talents, including his aptitude for writing grammars (in Latin). After his grammar on Hebrew (Schola Hebraica, 1654) and Hungarian (Hungaria Illustrata, 1655), he wrote a grammar book titled Anglicvm Spicilegium on English in 1664, being the first Hungarian author to do so. The book is also the first grammar book in Hungary that contains a relatively well-written and complex chapter on (then contemporary) Early Modern English (EMoE) pronunciation, if not phonology (‘well-written’ must be taken with some reservation though), something that cannot be said about the rest of his book (see below). Komáromi spent nine months in England in 1652 (mentioned specifically in the introduction) following his stay in Utrecht, where he pursued his doctoral studies in oriental languages. After his studies in England, he returned to Utrecht where he completed his doctoral degree, returning eventually to Hungary in 1653. The book was written some ten years after his return to Hungary, ultimately published in 1664 in Debrecen. As was usual, the grammar was written in Latin. The only extant copy of the book is found in the Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (in the Ráth György collection), digitized in 2021. The book was translated into Hungarian by C. Vladár in 2021. No English translation of the book exists. The impetus to this article, as well as the translation of the grammar into Hungarian, was provided by Balogh (2022), who analyses the work from a number of aspects and positions it in a wider Hungarian (and not only Hungarian) context. After publication, the book lay forgotten; the next known mention of the book is by Károly Szabó in 1885 in the second volume of his series of Old Hungarian Libraries. The grammar cannot have had a wide audience to enjoy it, as interest in English ran low at that time (the lingua franca of learning was
György Komáromi csipksamas是一位匈牙利加尔文主义神学家，圣经的翻译家，一位教会题材的多产作家，还有许多其他方面的才能，包括他在写作语法(拉丁文)方面的天赋。在他的希伯来语语法(Schola Hebraica, 1654)和匈牙利语语法(hungia Illustrata, 1655)之后，他于1664年写了一本名为《英语语法大全》的语法书，成为第一个这样做的匈牙利作家。这本书也是匈牙利第一本语法书，包含了一个相对写得很好的和复杂的章节，关于(当时当代的)早期现代英语(EMoE)的发音，如果不是音韵学(“写得很好”必须有所保留)，这是他的书的其他部分所不能说的(见下文)。Komáromi于1652年在英国度过了九个月(在引言中特别提到)，之后他在乌得勒支继续他的东方语言博士研究。在英国完成学业后，他回到乌得勒支，在那里完成了博士学位，最终于1653年回到匈牙利。这本书是在他回到匈牙利大约十年后写的，最终于1664年在德布勒森出版。像往常一样，语法是用拉丁文写的。这本书唯一现存的副本在匈牙利科学院图书馆(Ráth György收藏)，于2021年数字化。这本书于2021年由C. Vladár翻译成匈牙利语。这本书没有英文译本。Balogh(2022)提供了这篇文章的动力，以及将语法翻译成匈牙利语，他从多个方面分析了这部作品，并将其置于更广泛的匈牙利语(而不仅仅是匈牙利语)语境中。出版后，这本书被遗忘了;下一个已知的提到这本书是在1885年Károly Szabó在他的旧匈牙利图书馆系列的第二卷中。这本语法书不可能有很多读者喜欢，因为当时人们对英语的兴趣很低(学习的通用语是英语)
{"title":"Early Modern English pronunciation — The evidence from Hungarian","authors":"Attila Starčević","doi":"10.57133/evenyrbk.22st","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57133/evenyrbk.22st","url":null,"abstract":"György Komáromi Csipkés was a Hungarian Calvinist theologian, translator of the Bible, a prolific writer in ecclesiastical topics, and a man of many other talents, including his aptitude for writing grammars (in Latin). After his grammar on Hebrew (Schola Hebraica, 1654) and Hungarian (Hungaria Illustrata, 1655), he wrote a grammar book titled Anglicvm Spicilegium on English in 1664, being the first Hungarian author to do so. The book is also the first grammar book in Hungary that contains a relatively well-written and complex chapter on (then contemporary) Early Modern English (EMoE) pronunciation, if not phonology (‘well-written’ must be taken with some reservation though), something that cannot be said about the rest of his book (see below). Komáromi spent nine months in England in 1652 (mentioned specifically in the introduction) following his stay in Utrecht, where he pursued his doctoral studies in oriental languages. After his studies in England, he returned to Utrecht where he completed his doctoral degree, returning eventually to Hungary in 1653. The book was written some ten years after his return to Hungary, ultimately published in 1664 in Debrecen. As was usual, the grammar was written in Latin. The only extant copy of the book is found in the Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (in the Ráth György collection), digitized in 2021. The book was translated into Hungarian by C. Vladár in 2021. No English translation of the book exists. The impetus to this article, as well as the translation of the grammar into Hungarian, was provided by Balogh (2022), who analyses the work from a number of aspects and positions it in a wider Hungarian (and not only Hungarian) context. After publication, the book lay forgotten; the next known mention of the book is by Károly Szabó in 1885 in the second volume of his series of Old Hungarian Libraries. The grammar cannot have had a wide audience to enjoy it, as interest in English ran low at that time (the lingua franca of learning was","PeriodicalId":383885,"journal":{"name":"The Even Yearbook","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127669575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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