Pub Date : 1988-01-01DOI: 10.1163/9789004478497_010
E. Ninke
AND RECOMMENDATIONS Science Shop of Economics, RuG 5 Abstract and recommendations The Stedenband Groningen-San Carlos and Housing Association Nijestee asked the Science Shop of Economics at the University of Groningen to research how projects for financial support for housebuilding and renovation in the relatively poor city of San Carlos in Nicaragua could be designed. Microfinance and housebuilding The size of loans to the poor are on average relatively small; in the literature such small-scale financial services to the poor are commonly referred to as microfinance. Small-scale financial services, credits and savings of microfinance programs are usually provided at the local level, to both people in the rural and urban areas operating small enterprises. The essence of microfinance is that the poor can borrow small amounts of money, without the requirement of standard collateral or a fixed income, for investment in their enterprises. Recently, some microfinance institutions in a.o Nicagaragua started to notice that the poor that borrowed from microfinance programs often used these loans to improve their houses instead of putting the money in their small enterprises. As a consequence the microfinance lending institutions in Nicaragua started to offer microfinance of housing programs. Such finance is a rather new development, and addresses the shelter needs of the rural and urban poor in developing countries that do not have access to traditional mortgage finance. Such loans usually range from $100 to $5000, and are used for home improvement or the construction of new basic core units. There is some evidence that small improvements to their housing conditions financed with the help of relatively short loans may have a large impact on the survival strategies of low-income households. Evidence learns that people dependent on survival strategies generally want to keep their indebtedness as short as possible to also be able to cope with other pressing needs such as food, education of the children and medicines. Nicaragua In 2001, in Nicaragua, 58% of households lived overcrowded, i.e. with two or more people living in one room. Some 40% of all housing units were constructed with scrap or other impermanent materials. Overall, approximately 70% of the housing stock required some work, while half this number required major work or replacement. These facts demonstrate the urgent need for improving housing conditions of the Nicaraguan people. The Nicaraguan housing market on the whole is largely underdeveloped. In part this is due to the relatively high prices in terms of local purchasing power. To illustrate, a lowest cost commercially produced house that was offered on the market in the year 2000 was a 36 m2 “basic” house with minimum services which was sold for $11,000. This may explain why in the same year the number of mortgaged loans increased to about 1000 only compared to a new urban household formation of more MICROFINANCE OF HOUSING, THE CASE OF N
{"title":"The Case of Nicaragua","authors":"E. Ninke","doi":"10.1163/9789004478497_010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004478497_010","url":null,"abstract":"AND RECOMMENDATIONS Science Shop of Economics, RuG 5 Abstract and recommendations The Stedenband Groningen-San Carlos and Housing Association Nijestee asked the Science Shop of Economics at the University of Groningen to research how projects for financial support for housebuilding and renovation in the relatively poor city of San Carlos in Nicaragua could be designed. Microfinance and housebuilding The size of loans to the poor are on average relatively small; in the literature such small-scale financial services to the poor are commonly referred to as microfinance. Small-scale financial services, credits and savings of microfinance programs are usually provided at the local level, to both people in the rural and urban areas operating small enterprises. The essence of microfinance is that the poor can borrow small amounts of money, without the requirement of standard collateral or a fixed income, for investment in their enterprises. Recently, some microfinance institutions in a.o Nicagaragua started to notice that the poor that borrowed from microfinance programs often used these loans to improve their houses instead of putting the money in their small enterprises. As a consequence the microfinance lending institutions in Nicaragua started to offer microfinance of housing programs. Such finance is a rather new development, and addresses the shelter needs of the rural and urban poor in developing countries that do not have access to traditional mortgage finance. Such loans usually range from $100 to $5000, and are used for home improvement or the construction of new basic core units. There is some evidence that small improvements to their housing conditions financed with the help of relatively short loans may have a large impact on the survival strategies of low-income households. Evidence learns that people dependent on survival strategies generally want to keep their indebtedness as short as possible to also be able to cope with other pressing needs such as food, education of the children and medicines. Nicaragua In 2001, in Nicaragua, 58% of households lived overcrowded, i.e. with two or more people living in one room. Some 40% of all housing units were constructed with scrap or other impermanent materials. Overall, approximately 70% of the housing stock required some work, while half this number required major work or replacement. These facts demonstrate the urgent need for improving housing conditions of the Nicaraguan people. The Nicaraguan housing market on the whole is largely underdeveloped. In part this is due to the relatively high prices in terms of local purchasing power. To illustrate, a lowest cost commercially produced house that was offered on the market in the year 2000 was a 36 m2 “basic” house with minimum services which was sold for $11,000. This may explain why in the same year the number of mortgaged loans increased to about 1000 only compared to a new urban household formation of more MICROFINANCE OF HOUSING, THE CASE OF N","PeriodicalId":385112,"journal":{"name":"The Battle of Human Rights","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115174014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-01-01DOI: 10.1163/9789004478497_006
{"title":"The American Convention on Human Rights","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/9789004478497_006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004478497_006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":385112,"journal":{"name":"The Battle of Human Rights","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121362800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-01-01DOI: 10.1163/9789004478497_008
J. L. Delgado
{"title":"The Inter-American Court of Human Rights","authors":"J. L. Delgado","doi":"10.1163/9789004478497_008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004478497_008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":385112,"journal":{"name":"The Battle of Human Rights","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122943893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-01-01DOI: 10.1163/9789004478497_011
Alfredo Schclarek, M. Caggia
{"title":"The Case of Chile","authors":"Alfredo Schclarek, M. Caggia","doi":"10.1163/9789004478497_011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004478497_011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":385112,"journal":{"name":"The Battle of Human Rights","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116088218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1163/9789004478497_009
A. Brody
Despite ongoing economic sanctions, the United States has emerged as a major exporter of agricultural goods to Cuba, which imports up to 80 percent of its food. Given Cuba's geographic and economic position, states in the Southern region of the United States have competitive export advantages in terms of production, quality, logistics and proximity. This SLC Regional Resource examines existing and future agricultural export opportunities for member states in the Southern Legislative Conference.
{"title":"The Case of Cuba","authors":"A. Brody","doi":"10.1163/9789004478497_009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004478497_009","url":null,"abstract":"Despite ongoing economic sanctions, the United States has emerged as a major exporter of agricultural goods to Cuba, which imports up to 80 percent of its food. Given Cuba's geographic and economic position, states in the Southern region of the United States have competitive export advantages in terms of production, quality, logistics and proximity. This SLC Regional Resource examines existing and future agricultural export opportunities for member states in the Southern Legislative Conference.","PeriodicalId":385112,"journal":{"name":"The Battle of Human Rights","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132442829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：