Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.36004/nier.es.2020.1-08
The study examines the role of socio-economic and maternal factors on under–five child mortality in Zimbabwe. The research is based on the analysis of the 2012 population census data. A logistic regression model was employed to determine factors that significantly affect under-five child mortality. The results revealed that maternal educational level, age at first birth, marital status, sanitation and provincial location were significant determinants of under–five child mortality. Public health interventions should focus on mothers; single, formerly married, had early childbearing, uneducated, use unsafe drinking water and toilets.
{"title":"PREDICTORS OF UNDER–FIVE CHILD MORTALITY IN ZIMBABWE","authors":"","doi":"10.36004/nier.es.2020.1-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36004/nier.es.2020.1-08","url":null,"abstract":"The study examines the role of socio-economic and maternal factors on under–five child mortality in Zimbabwe. The research is based on the analysis of the 2012 population census data. A logistic regression model was employed to determine factors that significantly affect under-five child mortality. The results revealed that maternal educational level, age at first birth, marital status, sanitation and provincial location\u0000were significant determinants of under–five child mortality. Public health interventions should focus on mothers; single, formerly married, had early childbearing, uneducated, use unsafe drinking water and toilets.","PeriodicalId":385406,"journal":{"name":"ECONOMY AND SOCIOLOGY 2020 NO. 1","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114672874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.36004/nier.es.2020.1-07
T. Gutium
The period of temporary economic isolation caused by the Covid-19 pandemic has affected the economies of all countries in the world. After quarantine and the gradual restoration of the activity of all economic sectors, competition in the world market will intensify. Countries will promote strategies for economic growth, improving economic security, increasing exports, and protecting domestic producers. Given the fact that resources are limited and exhaustible, it is necessary to correctly identify priority sectors when developing strategies. For this purpose, the competitiveness index can be used, since competitiveness is one of the main characteristics that allows anyone to determine its position on the market, and increasing competitiveness ensures victory in the competition. The novelty and purpose of the study is to develop two new integral indices, and to improve one symmetric index of comparative advantage developed earlier. Some of empirical and theoretical methods were used in this research: abstraction, the method of ascending from the abstract to the concrete, comparison, measurement, analysis and synthesis, economic and mathematical modelling. To identify priority sectors, the author used the developed indices to assess the competitiveness of goods, not only on the foreign market, but also on the domestic market. This study can serve economists as a tool for assessing the competitiveness of goods, identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the goods offered, in the context of developing measures to increase competitiveness, which will increase the profitability of entrepreneurship.
{"title":"METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE ELABORATION OF INDICATORS FOR QUANTIFYING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF GOODS","authors":"T. Gutium","doi":"10.36004/nier.es.2020.1-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36004/nier.es.2020.1-07","url":null,"abstract":"The period of temporary economic isolation caused by the Covid-19 pandemic has affected the economies of all countries in the world. After quarantine and the gradual restoration of the activity of all economic sectors, competition in the world market will intensify. Countries will promote strategies for economic growth, improving economic security, increasing exports, and protecting domestic producers. Given the fact that resources are limited and exhaustible, it is necessary to correctly identify priority sectors when developing strategies. For this purpose, the competitiveness index can be used, since competitiveness is one of the main characteristics that allows anyone to determine its position on the market, and increasing competitiveness ensures victory in the competition. The novelty and purpose of the study is to develop two new integral indices, and to improve one symmetric index of comparative advantage developed earlier. Some of empirical and theoretical methods were used in this research: abstraction, the method of ascending from the abstract to the concrete, comparison, measurement, analysis and synthesis, economic and mathematical modelling. To identify priority sectors, the author used the developed indices to assess the competitiveness of goods, not only on the foreign market, but also on the domestic market. This study can serve economists as a tool for assessing the competitiveness\u0000of goods, identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the goods offered, in the context of developing measures to increase competitiveness, which will increase the profitability of entrepreneurship.","PeriodicalId":385406,"journal":{"name":"ECONOMY AND SOCIOLOGY 2020 NO. 1","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121340905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.36004/nier.es.2020.1-04
Money laundering and terrorism financing are serious and internationally emerging issues that must be approached and confronted at European Union level. The latest terrorist attacks and periodic banking scandals highlight the necessity for additional attention in this particular direction. In regard to the internal EU market, financial flows are integrated and trans-border by nature, thus funds can circulate rapidly, from one country to another, offering the possibility to perpetrators and terrorists to transfer money across Member State avoiding detection by authorities. This specific situation generates the necessity to identify and understand the particular ML/TF risks generated by services and products offered within the EU economic and financial ecosystem. In order to ensure an efficient mechanism for identifying the ML/TF risks associated with the products and services provided on the territory of European Union, the 4AMLD provides the obligation of the EU Commission to perform once in two years the so-called European Union Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing Supranational Risk Assessment. Since 2017 two supra-national risk assessments were carried out and the final results are used by Member States to monitor the evolution of risks at Union level and to implement the necessary recommendation for ensuring a proper minimization of threats and vulnerabilities at the national level. This paper aims to analyze, understand and compare the main outcomes of the two assessments, namely the identified risks and their links with vulnerable sectors, as well as the evolution or devolution of certain risks as a result of mitigation measures applied by EU Member States. Another task of this article is to provide additional recommendations in terms of mitigating measures and efforts, which must be taken into account by Member States
{"title":"RISK-BASED APPROACH IN THE EUROPEAN UNION LEGISLATION TO PREVENT MONEY LAUNDERING AND FINANCING OF TERRORISM","authors":"","doi":"10.36004/nier.es.2020.1-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36004/nier.es.2020.1-04","url":null,"abstract":"Money laundering and terrorism financing are serious and internationally emerging issues that must be approached and confronted at European Union level. The latest terrorist attacks and periodic banking scandals highlight the necessity for additional attention in this particular direction. In regard to the internal EU market, financial flows are integrated and trans-border by nature, thus funds can circulate rapidly, from one country to another, offering the possibility to perpetrators and terrorists to transfer money across Member State avoiding detection by authorities. This specific situation generates the necessity to identify and understand the particular ML/TF risks generated by services and products offered within the EU economic and financial ecosystem. In order to ensure an efficient mechanism for identifying the ML/TF risks associated with the products and services provided on the territory of European Union, the 4AMLD provides the obligation of the EU Commission to perform once in two years the so-called European Union Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing Supranational Risk\u0000Assessment. Since 2017 two supra-national risk assessments were carried out and the final results are used by Member States to monitor the evolution of risks at Union level and to implement the necessary recommendation for ensuring a proper minimization of threats and vulnerabilities at the national level. This paper aims to analyze, understand and compare the main outcomes of the two assessments, namely the identified risks and their links with vulnerable sectors, as well as the evolution or devolution of certain risks as a result of mitigation measures applied by EU Member States. Another task of this article is to provide additional recommendations in terms of mitigating measures and efforts, which must be taken into account by Member States","PeriodicalId":385406,"journal":{"name":"ECONOMY AND SOCIOLOGY 2020 NO. 1","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132327651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.36004/nier.es.2020.1-05
As the Republic of Moldova has limited opportunities to provide generous financial support to farmers, it is extremely important to efficiently use subsidy means, so as to contribute to the development and modernization of agriculture and rural areas. The development of agriculture in a dynamic way can be achieved on the basis of an efficient subsidy system, administered, monitored and evaluated. The aim of the research is to analyse and evaluate the efficiency and impact of subsidization on the development of the agricultural sector and to ensure a stable increase in agricultural production, emphasizing main support measures in this direction. To carry out this study, various research methods were used, such as: observation method, table method, analysis and synthesis method, comparison method, monographic method, statistical data collection. This article presents an analysis of the evolution of the subsidy fund for agricultural producers, which has increased 2.25 times in the last 7 years. There has also been analysed the structure of beneficiaries of subsidies according to the legal organizational form, who received subsidies during the reference period. It has been found that households are in the top of beneficiaries of subsidies who had a share of 62.03% in 2018. The distribution of subsidies by development regions and per one hectare of agricultural land in the profile of development regions has been studied and it has been found that the predominant share is held by agricultural enterprises in the Centre region, about 38.9% of the means of the subsidy fund. The results of the research show an increase in the subsidy level, through support measures. In this context, we can mention that the support measures must ensure an efficient use of the subsidies
{"title":"EFFICIENCY OF SUBSIDIES ALLOCATION TO AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA","authors":"","doi":"10.36004/nier.es.2020.1-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36004/nier.es.2020.1-05","url":null,"abstract":"As the Republic of Moldova has limited opportunities to provide generous financial support to farmers, it is extremely important to efficiently use subsidy means, so as to contribute to the development and modernization of agriculture and rural areas. The development of agriculture in a dynamic way can be achieved on the basis of an efficient subsidy system, administered, monitored and evaluated. The aim of the research is to analyse and evaluate the efficiency and impact of subsidization on the development of the agricultural sector and to ensure a stable increase in agricultural production, emphasizing main support measures in this direction. To carry out this study, various research methods were used, such as: observation method, table method, analysis and synthesis method, comparison method, monographic method, statistical data collection. This article presents an analysis of the evolution of the subsidy fund for agricultural producers, which has increased 2.25 times in the last 7 years. There has also been analysed the structure of beneficiaries of subsidies according to the legal organizational form, who received subsidies during the reference period. It has been found that households are in the top of beneficiaries of subsidies who had a share of 62.03% in 2018. The distribution of subsidies by development regions and per one hectare of agricultural land in the profile of development regions has been studied and it has been found that the predominant share is held by agricultural enterprises in the Centre region, about 38.9% of the means of the\u0000subsidy fund. The results of the research show an increase in the subsidy level, through support measures. In this context, we can mention that the support measures must ensure an efficient use of the subsidies","PeriodicalId":385406,"journal":{"name":"ECONOMY AND SOCIOLOGY 2020 NO. 1","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115729142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.36004/nier.es.2020.1-02
Considering the growing role of the insurance protection function in a dynamic business environment, the issue of efficient management and solvency of insurance companies is becoming a priority. The purpose of this study is to identify the performance determinants of the insurance business. To achieve this goal, the authors researched methodological aspects of assessing the financial performance of the insurance company in terms of absolute and relative indicators of financial results. The authors consider that profit and profitability indicators are important to give a quantitative and qualitative assessment to the financial management of companies. The monographic method and the causal explanation were applied to concretize the model for forming the overall financial result of the insurance company. The methodological approach in order to test the hypothesis was made by adapting the factorial model for analysing the profitability of sales revenues to the specifics of the insurance company's activity. Profit and profitability indicators play an important role in the process of qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the company's financial management. The analyses performed by the authors based on the public financial statements of the insurance company "Acord Grup" SA, the reports of the National Financial Market Commission (NCFM) and the reports of the Romanian Financial Supervisory Authority (FSA) highlighted the decreasing trend of profitability indicators of insurance companies. In order to react as quickly as possible and manage the given situation, the authors recommend to the managers of the insurance companies to apply the factorial analysis models, in order to capture the determinants of the profitability indicators of the insurance activity, which require an increased attention.
{"title":"PERFORMANCE DETERMINANTS OF THE INSURANCE COMPANY’S ACTIVITY","authors":"","doi":"10.36004/nier.es.2020.1-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36004/nier.es.2020.1-02","url":null,"abstract":"Considering the growing role of the insurance protection function in a dynamic business environment, the issue of efficient management and solvency of insurance companies is becoming a priority. The purpose of this study is to identify the performance determinants of the insurance business. To achieve this goal, the authors\u0000researched methodological aspects of assessing the financial performance of the insurance company in terms of absolute and relative indicators of financial results. The authors consider that profit and profitability indicators are important to give a quantitative and qualitative assessment to the financial management of\u0000companies. The monographic method and the causal explanation were applied to concretize the model for forming the overall financial result of the insurance company. The methodological approach in order to test the hypothesis was made by adapting the factorial model for analysing the profitability of sales revenues to the specifics of the insurance company's activity. Profit and profitability indicators play an important role in the process of qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the company's financial management. The analyses performed by the authors based on the public financial statements of the insurance company \"Acord Grup\" SA, the reports of the National Financial Market Commission (NCFM) and the reports of the Romanian Financial\u0000Supervisory Authority (FSA) highlighted the decreasing trend of profitability indicators of insurance companies.\u0000In order to react as quickly as possible and manage the given situation, the authors recommend to the managers of the insurance companies to apply the factorial analysis models, in order to capture the determinants of the profitability indicators of the insurance activity, which require an increased attention.","PeriodicalId":385406,"journal":{"name":"ECONOMY AND SOCIOLOGY 2020 NO. 1","volume":"536 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116080950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.36004/nier.es.2020.1-09
This year, 2020, marks the 25th anniversary of the 1995 United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing where gender mainstreaming was introduced. Since then, gender mainstreaming has come to be recognized as the inter-governmentally agreed strategy to achieve gender equality and female empowerment and involves integrating a gender perspective into all aspects of governmental policy, regulation, and budgeting, with an eye towards promoting equality between women and men, social inclusion, and eliminating discrimination in all its forms. Despite notable achievements, an important body of feminist scholarship reveals that gender mainstreaming faces many challenges. In this paper, I contribute to this body of knowledge by using a feminist reflective practice approach to analyze the gender mainstreaming process I undertook as part of the 2020 Comprehensive Youth Sector Analysis in the Republic of Moldova. Through this analysis, I identify a number of challenges that can be understood as part of the larger social construction of gender inequality and conclude that gender mainstreaming processes embody the same gender inequality and patriarchy that we encounter in our larger social structures. This, in turn, acts as one of the greatest threats to gender mainstreaming as an effective strategy to achieve gender equality.
{"title":"A FEMINIST REFLECTIVE ANALYSIS OF GENDER MAINSTREAMING IN YOUTH POLICY AND PRACTICE IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA","authors":"","doi":"10.36004/nier.es.2020.1-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36004/nier.es.2020.1-09","url":null,"abstract":"This year, 2020, marks the 25th anniversary of the 1995 United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing where gender mainstreaming was introduced. Since then, gender mainstreaming has come to be recognized as the inter-governmentally agreed strategy to achieve gender equality and female empowerment and involves integrating a gender perspective into all aspects of governmental policy, regulation, and budgeting, with an eye towards promoting equality between women and men, social inclusion, and eliminating discrimination in all its forms. Despite notable achievements, an important body of feminist scholarship reveals that gender mainstreaming faces many challenges. In this paper, I contribute to this body of knowledge by using a feminist reflective practice approach to analyze the gender mainstreaming process I undertook as part of the 2020 Comprehensive Youth Sector Analysis in the Republic of Moldova. Through this analysis, I identify a number of challenges that can be understood as part of the larger social construction of gender inequality and conclude that gender mainstreaming processes embody the same gender inequality and patriarchy that we encounter in our larger social structures. This, in turn, acts as one of the greatest threats to gender mainstreaming as an effective strategy to achieve gender equality.","PeriodicalId":385406,"journal":{"name":"ECONOMY AND SOCIOLOGY 2020 NO. 1","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130395205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.36004/nier.es.2020.1-06
The use of modern marketing strategies for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is an important factor that can contribute to strengthening entrepreneurial activity, qualitative structural changes to SMEs, and ensuring business sustainability and stability. The digital revolution and technologies open up new opportunities for the business sector, improving the quality of communication with customers, while digital marketing (DM) is an important tool that can ensure the competitiveness and effectiveness of actions taken to promote products and services. This article presents the results of a qualitative study of the perception and practice of SMEs in the field of DM conducted by the author in 2019. Twenty entrepreneurs – SME owners in Chisinau were interviewed. The analysis also includes a case study of the BRAVO-MOTORS company practice. The theoretical and conceptual framework of the study is comprised of modern marketing theory, ResourceBased View approach (Wernerelt B.) and Theory of dynamic capabilities (Teece et al.). The results of the study showed that SMEs do not pay due attention to digitalization of business processes, data collection and analysis, optimization of work processes and monitoring of key indicators. The role and importance of developing a marketing strategy is in many cases underestimated, and marketing activities are limited to the use of individual marketing elements only. There is a low level of competence of entrepreneurs in the field of marketing, especially regarding modern marketing tactics and strategies, as well as the lack of an integrated approach to the strategy of promotion and development of the company.
为中小型企业(SMEs)使用现代营销战略是一个重要因素，可以有助于加强企业活动，对中小型企业进行定性结构变革，并确保业务的可持续性和稳定性。数字革命和技术为商业部门开辟了新的机会，提高了与客户沟通的质量，而数字营销(DM)是一个重要的工具，可以确保所采取的行动，以促进产品和服务的竞争力和有效性。本文介绍了作者在2019年对中小企业在DM领域的认知和实践进行的定性研究的结果。基希讷乌的20位企业家和中小企业主接受了采访。分析还包括对BRAVO-MOTORS公司实践的案例研究。本研究的理论和概念框架由现代营销理论、资源基础观方法(Wernerelt B.)和动态能力理论(Teece et al.)组成。研究结果表明，中小企业对业务流程的数字化、数据的收集和分析、工作流程的优化和关键指标的监控重视不够。在许多情况下，制定营销战略的作用和重要性被低估了，营销活动仅限于单个营销要素的使用。企业家在市场营销领域的能力水平较低，特别是在现代营销策略和战略方面，以及缺乏一个综合的方法来促进公司的战略和发展。
{"title":"DIGITAL MARKETING IN THE PRACTICE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA","authors":"","doi":"10.36004/nier.es.2020.1-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36004/nier.es.2020.1-06","url":null,"abstract":"The use of modern marketing strategies for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is an important factor that can contribute to strengthening entrepreneurial activity, qualitative structural changes to SMEs, and ensuring business sustainability and stability. The digital revolution and technologies open up new opportunities for the business sector, improving the quality of communication with customers, while digital marketing (DM) is an important tool that can ensure the competitiveness and effectiveness of actions taken to promote products and services. This article presents the results of a qualitative study of the perception and practice of SMEs in the field of DM conducted by the author in 2019. Twenty entrepreneurs – SME owners in Chisinau were interviewed. The analysis also includes a case study of the BRAVO-MOTORS company practice. The theoretical and conceptual framework of the study is comprised of modern marketing theory, ResourceBased View approach (Wernerelt B.) and Theory of dynamic capabilities (Teece et al.). The results of the study showed that SMEs do not pay due attention to digitalization of business processes, data collection and analysis, optimization of work processes and monitoring of key indicators. The role and importance of developing a marketing strategy is in many cases underestimated, and marketing activities are limited to the use of individual marketing elements only. There is a low level of competence of entrepreneurs in the field of marketing, especially regarding modern marketing tactics and strategies, as well as the lack of an integrated approach to the strategy of promotion and development of the company.","PeriodicalId":385406,"journal":{"name":"ECONOMY AND SOCIOLOGY 2020 NO. 1","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114621764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.36004/nier.es.2020.1-10
This study presents the results of the development of demographic transition at the regional level in the Czech Lands. The analysis uses data from censuses and vital statistics. The period for analysis is 1869-1935, and the data was recalculated for the 2011 administrative division. In the study, we used the classical approach of analysis of the demographic processes. This article aims, first, to show the evolution of mortality and fertility levels at the regional level during the demographic transition, and second, to show that the demographic transition in the Czech lands follows the patterns of other European countries, but with some particularities at the regional level.
{"title":"DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL IN CZECH LANDS","authors":"","doi":"10.36004/nier.es.2020.1-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36004/nier.es.2020.1-10","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the results of the development of demographic transition at the regional level in the Czech Lands. The analysis uses data from censuses and vital statistics. The period for analysis is 1869-1935, and the data was recalculated for the 2011 administrative division. In the study, we used the classical approach of analysis of the demographic processes. This article aims, first, to show the evolution of mortality and fertility levels at the regional level during the demographic transition, and second, to show that the demographic transition in the Czech lands follows the patterns of other European countries, but with some particularities at the regional level.","PeriodicalId":385406,"journal":{"name":"ECONOMY AND SOCIOLOGY 2020 NO. 1","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114705175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.36004/nier.es.2020.1-01
The financial sector of the Republic of Moldova belongs to the developing ones and is characterized by a higher level of risk and, therefore, a higher likelihood of a systemic crisis. Globalization and development of advanced information technologies not only create great opportunities for rapid economic development, but also pose serious security threats to the economic development of states, especially in a developing economy. In these conditions, the issue of ensuring the financial stability of the state is becoming increasingly relevant. The state of the financial and foreign exchange market represents one of the most important aspects of the financial security of the state. This study has been developed as part of the scientific project 15.817.06.02A "Development of tools for measuring the financial stability of the state". The study analyzes various macrofinancial risk management tools. The purpose of this study was to calculate the pressure index on the foreign exchange market of both the Republic of Moldova and the main partner countries in terms of international trade. The results of related studies conducted by the authors of this work, which revealed that stability indicators in the foreign exchange market are associated with foreign trade risks served as an argument for the authors of the work to calculate the pressure index on the currency market of Romania and the Russian Federation for comparison with the indicators of the Republic of Moldova. Methods used in research include theoretical and comparative approaches, descriptive statistics and econometric models. The results of the research showed that international trade and the foreign exchange market are interdependent. The first can be considered a channel for transmitting the currency crisis, since demand increases with increasing imports, and this leads to increased pressure on the foreign exchange market. Increased exports reduce pressure on the foreign exchange market. But the greatest impact on the foreign exchange market in the Republic of Moldova is made by remittances from abroad, which are directly correlated with the dynamics of labor exports. At the same time, it was concluded that at present, due to macroprudential regulation, there are no linear dependencies in financial markets and, therefore, there are no correlations, but only the interdependence of variables.
{"title":"EXCHANGE MARKET PRESSURE INDEX AS A MACROECONOMIC RISK MEASURING INSTRUMENT","authors":"","doi":"10.36004/nier.es.2020.1-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36004/nier.es.2020.1-01","url":null,"abstract":"The financial sector of the Republic of Moldova belongs to the developing ones and is characterized by a higher level of risk and, therefore, a higher likelihood of a systemic crisis. Globalization and development of advanced information technologies not only create great opportunities for rapid economic development, but also pose serious security threats to the economic development of states, especially in a developing economy. In these conditions, the issue of ensuring the financial stability of the state is becoming increasingly relevant. The state of the financial and foreign exchange market represents one of the most important aspects of the financial security of the state. This study has been developed as part of the scientific project 15.817.06.02A \"Development of tools for measuring the financial stability of the state\". The study analyzes various macrofinancial risk management tools. The purpose of this study was to calculate the pressure index on the foreign exchange market of both the Republic of Moldova and the main partner countries in terms of international trade. The results of related studies conducted by the authors of this work, which revealed that stability indicators in the foreign exchange market are associated with foreign trade risks served as an argument for the authors of the work to calculate the pressure index on the currency market of Romania and the Russian Federation for comparison with the indicators of the Republic of Moldova. Methods used in research include theoretical and comparative approaches, descriptive statistics and econometric models. The results of the research showed that international trade and the foreign exchange market are interdependent. The first can be considered a channel for transmitting the currency crisis, since demand increases with increasing imports, and this leads to increased pressure on the foreign exchange market. Increased exports reduce pressure on the foreign exchange market. But the greatest impact on the foreign exchange market in the Republic of Moldova is made by remittances from abroad, which are directly correlated with the dynamics of labor\u0000exports. At the same time, it was concluded that at present, due to macroprudential regulation, there are no linear dependencies in financial markets and, therefore, there are no correlations, but only the interdependence of variables.","PeriodicalId":385406,"journal":{"name":"ECONOMY AND SOCIOLOGY 2020 NO. 1","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128049275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.36004/nier.es.2020.1-03
People with disabilities experience significant difficulties in the process of finding a job, which is caused not only by their health status, difficulty in getting education, but also by the reluctance of entrepreneurs to hire disabled people. In this situation, people with disabilities, who can provide selfemployment or create their own business, get an additional chance to have a constant source of income, develop themselves and, in general, integrate more successfully into social life. The aim of the research was to identify the basic needs of support of entrepreneurs with disabilities; for this purpose, in 2017, a survey of 75 individuals was conducted. The results of the survey implemented within the project of the National Institute for Economic Research (NIER) showed that for people with disabilities (unlike other groups of small entrepreneurs) is not enough to create a favorable business environment. No less important is the improvement of general living conditions of persons with disabilities, especially the improvement of their access to social infrastructure, education and the labor market. The main directions of the state support of people with disabilities aimed at the business development and selfemployment, are proposed to be following: improvement of legislation on supporting social entrepreneurship to increase the ability of persons with disabilities to be employed; improvement of access to education for people with disabilities through building and modernization of social infrastructure objects; use of direct economic and financial forms of support for this group of people, including through state target programs; support for the establishment of business associations uniting entrepreneurs with disabilities, etc
{"title":"SPECIAL NEEDS OF ENTREPRENEURS WITH DISABILITIES IN THE CONDITION OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA","authors":"","doi":"10.36004/nier.es.2020.1-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36004/nier.es.2020.1-03","url":null,"abstract":"People with disabilities experience significant difficulties in the process of finding a job, which is caused not only by their health status, difficulty in getting education, but also by the reluctance of entrepreneurs to hire disabled people. In this situation, people with disabilities, who can provide selfemployment or create their own business, get an additional chance to have a constant source of income, develop themselves and, in general, integrate more successfully into social life. The aim of the research was to identify the basic needs of support of entrepreneurs with disabilities; for this purpose, in 2017, a survey of 75 individuals was conducted. The results of the survey implemented within the project of the National Institute for Economic Research (NIER) showed that for people with disabilities (unlike other groups of small entrepreneurs) is not enough to create a favorable business environment. No less important is the improvement of general living conditions of persons with disabilities, especially the improvement of their access to social infrastructure, education and the labor market. The main directions of the state support of people with disabilities aimed at the business development and selfemployment, are proposed to be following: improvement of legislation on supporting social entrepreneurship to increase the ability of persons with disabilities to be employed; improvement of access to education for people with disabilities through building and modernization of social infrastructure objects; use of direct economic and financial forms of support for this group of people, including through state target programs; support for the establishment of business associations uniting\u0000entrepreneurs with disabilities, etc","PeriodicalId":385406,"journal":{"name":"ECONOMY AND SOCIOLOGY 2020 NO. 1","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125520531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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