THE PUNISHMENT IMPERATIVE: THE RISE AND FAILURE OF MASS INCARCERATION IN AMERICA Todd R. Clear and Natasha A. Frost (2014). New York: New York University Press. pp 258 (hdbk) 19.99 [pounds sterling]. ISBN 978-0-8147-1719-6 Clear and Frost introduce their book by defining what the 'Punishment Imperative' (PI) is, and how the 'grand social experiment' of mass incarceration has shaped the course of the American criminal justice system over the past several decades: '[T]he Punishment Imperative began with the co-alignment of an array of forces that came together to make the explosive growth in the penal system a social and political possibility.' The authors argue that rising crime rates, media attention to victimization, high political priority, an emerging, large pool of unemployed young black men that came to symbolize an urban 'enemy' in which to wage 'wars' against, and a political economy that emphasized get-tough politics propelled the prison population and extended the reach of the correctional system starting in the 1970s. The book's timeliness allows the analysis of this storyline to be advanced by proposing that 2009 marked a shift in the mass incarceration trajectory, as prison numbers began to meaningfully drop for the first time in years, which, they contend, signifies the fall of the Punishment Imperative. (12) The authors support this (somewhat tentative) claim by arguing that the dominant driver for the reduction of dependence and overuse of prisons is the present economic crisis, though it is more complex than simple austerity: 'So while the current fiscal crisis is a motivating factor for the downsizing of the correctional system, it is not by itself the cause. The de-escalation of punishment is possible mainly because the sentiment of punitiveness has undergone an important shift (11).' This book, then, is about the rise, failure, and fall of the Punishment Imperative. Because of that, it is an interesting read for established academics, practitioners, and students alike. The first several chapters present a thorough and well-researched navigation through the development and growth of the Punishment Imperative. To begin, the historical context which laid the groundwork for the turn in public and political punitiveness in the 1970s is outlined. This introduction leads to a sophisticated examination of the PI as a 'grand social experiment', in which the authors argue that the PI as a social and political experiment is particularly insidious because 'the goal was never articulated, the full array of consequences was never considered, and the momentum built even as the forces driving the policy shifts diminished' (57). This is a persuasive section, specifically because it addresses broader moral concerns about the impact of such wide-reaching, yet often racially targeted, state-sanctioned controls on community and social justice: 'concern about crime became shorthand for a broader concern about what many perceived as the general break
{"title":"The Punishment Imperative: The Rise and Failure of Mass Incarceration in America","authors":"B. Schmidt","doi":"10.5860/choice.51-4739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.51-4739","url":null,"abstract":"THE PUNISHMENT IMPERATIVE: THE RISE AND FAILURE OF MASS INCARCERATION IN AMERICA Todd R. Clear and Natasha A. Frost (2014). New York: New York University Press. pp 258 (hdbk) 19.99 [pounds sterling]. ISBN 978-0-8147-1719-6 Clear and Frost introduce their book by defining what the 'Punishment Imperative' (PI) is, and how the 'grand social experiment' of mass incarceration has shaped the course of the American criminal justice system over the past several decades: '[T]he Punishment Imperative began with the co-alignment of an array of forces that came together to make the explosive growth in the penal system a social and political possibility.' The authors argue that rising crime rates, media attention to victimization, high political priority, an emerging, large pool of unemployed young black men that came to symbolize an urban 'enemy' in which to wage 'wars' against, and a political economy that emphasized get-tough politics propelled the prison population and extended the reach of the correctional system starting in the 1970s. The book's timeliness allows the analysis of this storyline to be advanced by proposing that 2009 marked a shift in the mass incarceration trajectory, as prison numbers began to meaningfully drop for the first time in years, which, they contend, signifies the fall of the Punishment Imperative. (12) The authors support this (somewhat tentative) claim by arguing that the dominant driver for the reduction of dependence and overuse of prisons is the present economic crisis, though it is more complex than simple austerity: 'So while the current fiscal crisis is a motivating factor for the downsizing of the correctional system, it is not by itself the cause. The de-escalation of punishment is possible mainly because the sentiment of punitiveness has undergone an important shift (11).' This book, then, is about the rise, failure, and fall of the Punishment Imperative. Because of that, it is an interesting read for established academics, practitioners, and students alike. The first several chapters present a thorough and well-researched navigation through the development and growth of the Punishment Imperative. To begin, the historical context which laid the groundwork for the turn in public and political punitiveness in the 1970s is outlined. This introduction leads to a sophisticated examination of the PI as a 'grand social experiment', in which the authors argue that the PI as a social and political experiment is particularly insidious because 'the goal was never articulated, the full array of consequences was never considered, and the momentum built even as the forces driving the policy shifts diminished' (57). This is a persuasive section, specifically because it addresses broader moral concerns about the impact of such wide-reaching, yet often racially targeted, state-sanctioned controls on community and social justice: 'concern about crime became shorthand for a broader concern about what many perceived as the general break","PeriodicalId":38894,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Community Justice","volume":"47 1","pages":"151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71145385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ORGANISED SEXUAL ABUSE Michael Salter (2013) Routledge. pp. 208. Pbk 26.99 [pounds sterling]. ISBN 978-1-138-78915-9 Salter's first book, Organised Sexual Abuse, is an ambitious attempt to provide a comprehensive account of paedophile networks, their means of operating, and their effects on victims. Whilst Salter ensures that a range of academic perspectives are included throughout the book, its most notable feature is the presence of extensive, firsthand accounts from victims; often graphic, and always harrowing, it is the inclusion of these first-person narratives which makes Organised Sexual Abuse both compelling and disturbing. Salter provides a unique insight into some of the most extreme forms of group sexual exploitation, and through eliciting responses from those subjected to this abuse, he ensures that his book is an authentic account of a sensitive area of study. Organised Sexual Abuse is divided into ten principal chapters, with each chapter containing various sub-divisions. Whilst this guides the reader through the subject matter, the headings and sub-headings of the chapters themselves are not in English. Although this is most probably a typographical error, it leads to difficultly when navigating oneself through the book, especially since the Contents and text of the book are both in English. With the exception of this oversight, Salter provides a comprehensive account of several forms of group paedophilia: ranging from incestuous abuse, to institutionalize paedophile groups, satanic child-abuse gangs and child-murder. Although Salter includes some data on the group sexual abuse of adults, the book's main focus is on child-victims. The first four chapters provide the reader with a detailed theoretical background to the subject; Chapters One and Two present a review of the existing literature, and contextualize the current findings through including the opinions of practitioners. Chapter Three goes on to provide an historical account of the origins of sadism, child abuse and abuse more generally. The information provided is detailed, and is representative of the more sociological approach which Salter adopts throughout the book. Although much of the existing work on child sex-abuse is more psychological/quantitative in its nature, Salter's qualitative methodology provides this topic with a 'human' context, revealing abuse through the eyes of survivors and victims. It is from Chapter Five that these accounts begin in earnest, starting with a harrowing case-study of the author's friend 'Sarah', and her prolonged exposure to organised abuse as a child and as an adult. What makes this chapter particularly compelling is that the author himself was friends with 'Sarah' during a period of this abuse. He was, therefore, a witness to the aftermath of her abuse and the stalking she was subjected to. This level of proximity between author and victim of crime is unusual in an academic text, yet it only serves to increase the vividness of the cha
{"title":"Organised Sexual Abuse","authors":"Dev R. Maitra","doi":"10.4324/9780203082188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203082188","url":null,"abstract":"ORGANISED SEXUAL ABUSE Michael Salter (2013) Routledge. pp. 208. Pbk 26.99 [pounds sterling]. ISBN 978-1-138-78915-9 Salter's first book, Organised Sexual Abuse, is an ambitious attempt to provide a comprehensive account of paedophile networks, their means of operating, and their effects on victims. Whilst Salter ensures that a range of academic perspectives are included throughout the book, its most notable feature is the presence of extensive, firsthand accounts from victims; often graphic, and always harrowing, it is the inclusion of these first-person narratives which makes Organised Sexual Abuse both compelling and disturbing. Salter provides a unique insight into some of the most extreme forms of group sexual exploitation, and through eliciting responses from those subjected to this abuse, he ensures that his book is an authentic account of a sensitive area of study. Organised Sexual Abuse is divided into ten principal chapters, with each chapter containing various sub-divisions. Whilst this guides the reader through the subject matter, the headings and sub-headings of the chapters themselves are not in English. Although this is most probably a typographical error, it leads to difficultly when navigating oneself through the book, especially since the Contents and text of the book are both in English. With the exception of this oversight, Salter provides a comprehensive account of several forms of group paedophilia: ranging from incestuous abuse, to institutionalize paedophile groups, satanic child-abuse gangs and child-murder. Although Salter includes some data on the group sexual abuse of adults, the book's main focus is on child-victims. The first four chapters provide the reader with a detailed theoretical background to the subject; Chapters One and Two present a review of the existing literature, and contextualize the current findings through including the opinions of practitioners. Chapter Three goes on to provide an historical account of the origins of sadism, child abuse and abuse more generally. The information provided is detailed, and is representative of the more sociological approach which Salter adopts throughout the book. Although much of the existing work on child sex-abuse is more psychological/quantitative in its nature, Salter's qualitative methodology provides this topic with a 'human' context, revealing abuse through the eyes of survivors and victims. It is from Chapter Five that these accounts begin in earnest, starting with a harrowing case-study of the author's friend 'Sarah', and her prolonged exposure to organised abuse as a child and as an adult. What makes this chapter particularly compelling is that the author himself was friends with 'Sarah' during a period of this abuse. He was, therefore, a witness to the aftermath of her abuse and the stalking she was subjected to. This level of proximity between author and victim of crime is unusual in an academic text, yet it only serves to increase the vividness of the cha","PeriodicalId":38894,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Community Justice","volume":"12 1","pages":"106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70575466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT IN TWENTIETH CENTURY BRITAIN: AUDIENCE, JUSTICE, MEMORY Lizzie Seal (2014) Abingdon: Routledge pp 188 Hbk 85.00 [pounds sterling]. ISBN 0978-0-415-62244-8 In 'Capital Punishment in Twentieth-Century Britain' Lizzie Seal has produced a fascinating, well researched and wide ranging book which examines the complexity of public perceptions of and responses to the perpetrators of crimes which did or once would have attracted the death penalty. This is a book about the everyday meanings and cultural life of capital punishment in twentieth-century Britain. The disappearance of the gallows from public view is the start point for this book. The end of execution as public spectacle in 1868 meant that the event itself whilst directly experienced behind prison walls by very few continued to be experienced by the wider population largely through imagination and representation. Lizzie Seal is interested in how people's experiences of execution by the state have been transformed over the decades since its withdrawal from public view. In chapters one and two, having offered an overview of capital punishment since 1868 and an examination of how in the twentieth century, executions were accessed primarily through the reading of newspapers, the author addresses the continuing role of capital punishment as entertainment and the anxieties this raised primarily around 'taste'. Chapters four and five explore protest against the death penalty and public responses to capital punishment as expressed in letters to the Home Office about specific cases. In particular she focuses on the symbol of justice as crucial for articulating anxieties about capital punishment in mid-twentieth century Britain. In Chapter six Lizzie Seal examines the political, legal and cultural significance of the Timothy Evans and Edith Thompson cases. Seal contends that in the years following their executions the cases of Evans and Thompson became 'emblematic of the failures and horrors of the death penalty' (p.122), Here Seal draws on Avery Gordon's concept of haunting to analyse how the 'seething presence' of Evans and Thompson returned following their deaths and continues to cast a ghostly shadow. Seal acknowledges that Evans and Thompson were not the only examples of 'haunting'. Other high profile cases such as those of Ruth Ellis, Derek Bentley and James Hanratty could be viewed through the same lens but as she contends, focussing on Evans and Thompson allows her to analyse themes of gender, horror, justice and error. In chapter seven the author explores capital punishment's continuing place in British culture, examining competing perceptions and understandings and addresses the continuing support for capital punishment particularly in relation to terrorism. …
{"title":"Capital Punishment in Twentieth Century Britain: Audience, Justice, Memory","authors":"Christine Cody","doi":"10.5860/choice.185385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.185385","url":null,"abstract":"CAPITAL PUNISHMENT IN TWENTIETH CENTURY BRITAIN: AUDIENCE, JUSTICE, MEMORY Lizzie Seal (2014) Abingdon: Routledge pp 188 Hbk 85.00 [pounds sterling]. ISBN 0978-0-415-62244-8 In 'Capital Punishment in Twentieth-Century Britain' Lizzie Seal has produced a fascinating, well researched and wide ranging book which examines the complexity of public perceptions of and responses to the perpetrators of crimes which did or once would have attracted the death penalty. This is a book about the everyday meanings and cultural life of capital punishment in twentieth-century Britain. The disappearance of the gallows from public view is the start point for this book. The end of execution as public spectacle in 1868 meant that the event itself whilst directly experienced behind prison walls by very few continued to be experienced by the wider population largely through imagination and representation. Lizzie Seal is interested in how people's experiences of execution by the state have been transformed over the decades since its withdrawal from public view. In chapters one and two, having offered an overview of capital punishment since 1868 and an examination of how in the twentieth century, executions were accessed primarily through the reading of newspapers, the author addresses the continuing role of capital punishment as entertainment and the anxieties this raised primarily around 'taste'. Chapters four and five explore protest against the death penalty and public responses to capital punishment as expressed in letters to the Home Office about specific cases. In particular she focuses on the symbol of justice as crucial for articulating anxieties about capital punishment in mid-twentieth century Britain. In Chapter six Lizzie Seal examines the political, legal and cultural significance of the Timothy Evans and Edith Thompson cases. Seal contends that in the years following their executions the cases of Evans and Thompson became 'emblematic of the failures and horrors of the death penalty' (p.122), Here Seal draws on Avery Gordon's concept of haunting to analyse how the 'seething presence' of Evans and Thompson returned following their deaths and continues to cast a ghostly shadow. Seal acknowledges that Evans and Thompson were not the only examples of 'haunting'. Other high profile cases such as those of Ruth Ellis, Derek Bentley and James Hanratty could be viewed through the same lens but as she contends, focussing on Evans and Thompson allows her to analyse themes of gender, horror, justice and error. In chapter seven the author explores capital punishment's continuing place in British culture, examining competing perceptions and understandings and addresses the continuing support for capital punishment particularly in relation to terrorism. …","PeriodicalId":38894,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Community Justice","volume":"12 1","pages":"108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71024576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CONTRASTS IN PUNISHMENT: AN EXPLANATION OF ANGLOPHONE EXCESS AND NORDIC EXCEPTIONALISM Pratt, J. and Eriksson, A. (2013). Abingdon: Routledge. 272 pp. (hbk) 90.00 [pounds sterling], ISBN 978-0415-52473-5 As academics and practitioners become increasingly frustrated at the punitive criminal justice policy and the condemnatory public discourse around offending in the UK, they are inclined to look to the Scandinavian nations as examples of an alternative approach. Pratt and Eriksson's excellent book provides a detailed account of these differences in approach to criminal justice, locating penal policy in a social and historical context. The book provides hope to Anglophone penal reformers in identifying a different approach but also highlights the scale of the task; the punitive penal policy in Anglophone countries has such strong social and historical roots that it is difficult to see how any significant change could come easily or quickly. A refreshing aspect of 'Contrasts in Punishment' is how little attention is paid to American influences, with discussion of the Anglophone countries concentrating on England, New Zealand and Australia. This focus means that the material presented feels fresh, interesting and original and provides the authors with a structure to discuss penal approaches without simply highlighting the relative degrees of American influence on each nation. This starts in the introduction where a discussion of recent prison builds in two nations highlights their differences in penal policy. In Norway, a prison is built that has exercise facilities, space for family visits and that looks like the outside world. In New Zealand, every expense is spared as prisoners are required to build their own cells from shipping containers. The photographs, used in the introduction and then sparingly throughout the book, are welcome illustrations of the differences the authors describe. Chapter one sets out the differences in punishment between the Anglophone countries and the Nordic countries of Finland, Norway and Sweden. When set out in this clear and structured way, the extent of these differences is strikingly obvious; the Nordic countries have much lower rates of imprisonment and treat their prisoners very differently. Nordic countries utilise smaller prisons, promote a higher quality of prison life and provide greater opportunities for work and education. Prison officers in the Nordic countries are trained in a different way, relate to prisoners with greater courtesy and less professional distance, and even look different, in terms of the uniforms they wear. These observations of the prison systems are the result of the authors' meticulous research--they toured forty prisons--and are presented in an engaging way. The two contrasting weekly menus, with weights and quantities recorded on the New Zealand menu but not the Finnish version, strongly and visually illustrate much wider differences in philosophy and approach. Although the descriptio
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YOUTH WORKERS, STUCKNESS, AND THE MYTH OF SUPERCOMPETENCE: NOT KNOWING WHAT TO DO Anderson-Nathe, B. (2010). Abingdon: Routledge. pp.146 (pbk) 22.99[pounds sterling] ISBN 978 0 415 99773 7 This is one of the most relevant and gripping titles in youth work publication in recent years. The book is focussed on the American youth work profession; however, parallels are drawn with the nature of the profession in other countries, for example, the United Kingdom. On opening the book for the first time, it could appear to be a complicated and difficult read as a result of the page layout and formatting, but this impression cannot be further from the truth! This book is gripping from the start. It is written honestly and is full of examples of incidents that youth workers are reluctant to share because it makes them feel incompetent and not 'good enough' to do their jobs. The starting point is the moment of 'not-knowing' what to do and, therefore, getting stuck in a new or even routine interaction with a young person. The 'myth of supercompetence'--that all your colleagues are better at the job than you are and better equipped to deal with unexpected circumstances--is the second key theme of this innovative, thought-provoking and reflective phenomenological analysis. Anderson-Nathe starts his account by looking at the related theory that might be able to account for the phenomena he is trying to describe. This is a thorough examination that reveals the relevance of these theories, but also the shortcomings in explaining the full extent of the phenomena that he is trying to put on the agenda. Chapter Three goes on to explore the methodological underpinning of the phenomenological nature of the research. The issues of 'not-knowing' and supercompetence must be explored from an interpretive research perspective as the value of the subjective account is in the experience and meaning that workers attach to these moments. A bonus of this chapter is that the author includes detailed, practical advice and guidance on how to conduct phenomenological research. This allows the book to develop from a reflective account that validates and exposes youth workers' meaningful experiences to a text that can be used to develop future interpretive qualitative research. However, something that seems to be missing from this chapter is the rationale as to why the author embarked on this type of research in the first place. The rest of the book is divided into five themes. The first three themes relate to the lived reality of the 'not-knowing' moment experienced by youth workers. The remaining two themes relate to the reflection that youth workers undertake during the moment of 'not-knowing', but also afterwards. Chapter Four provides the biographical details of the 12 participating narrators. It also provides a brief introduction to the main examples of 'not-knowing' that were shared in the interviews. This introduction of the narrators of the meaning-making experiences is extre
{"title":"Youth Workers, Stuckness, and the Myth of Supercompetence: Not Knowing What to Do","authors":"L. Conradie","doi":"10.4324/9781315877853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315877853","url":null,"abstract":"YOUTH WORKERS, STUCKNESS, AND THE MYTH OF SUPERCOMPETENCE: NOT KNOWING WHAT TO DO Anderson-Nathe, B. (2010). Abingdon: Routledge. pp.146 (pbk) 22.99[pounds sterling] ISBN 978 0 415 99773 7 This is one of the most relevant and gripping titles in youth work publication in recent years. The book is focussed on the American youth work profession; however, parallels are drawn with the nature of the profession in other countries, for example, the United Kingdom. On opening the book for the first time, it could appear to be a complicated and difficult read as a result of the page layout and formatting, but this impression cannot be further from the truth! This book is gripping from the start. It is written honestly and is full of examples of incidents that youth workers are reluctant to share because it makes them feel incompetent and not 'good enough' to do their jobs. The starting point is the moment of 'not-knowing' what to do and, therefore, getting stuck in a new or even routine interaction with a young person. The 'myth of supercompetence'--that all your colleagues are better at the job than you are and better equipped to deal with unexpected circumstances--is the second key theme of this innovative, thought-provoking and reflective phenomenological analysis. Anderson-Nathe starts his account by looking at the related theory that might be able to account for the phenomena he is trying to describe. This is a thorough examination that reveals the relevance of these theories, but also the shortcomings in explaining the full extent of the phenomena that he is trying to put on the agenda. Chapter Three goes on to explore the methodological underpinning of the phenomenological nature of the research. The issues of 'not-knowing' and supercompetence must be explored from an interpretive research perspective as the value of the subjective account is in the experience and meaning that workers attach to these moments. A bonus of this chapter is that the author includes detailed, practical advice and guidance on how to conduct phenomenological research. This allows the book to develop from a reflective account that validates and exposes youth workers' meaningful experiences to a text that can be used to develop future interpretive qualitative research. However, something that seems to be missing from this chapter is the rationale as to why the author embarked on this type of research in the first place. The rest of the book is divided into five themes. The first three themes relate to the lived reality of the 'not-knowing' moment experienced by youth workers. The remaining two themes relate to the reflection that youth workers undertake during the moment of 'not-knowing', but also afterwards. Chapter Four provides the biographical details of the 12 participating narrators. It also provides a brief introduction to the main examples of 'not-knowing' that were shared in the interviews. This introduction of the narrators of the meaning-making experiences is extre","PeriodicalId":38894,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Community Justice","volume":"9 1","pages":"85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70459573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
RELATIONSHIP-BASED SOCIAL WORK Ruch, G., Turney, D, & Ward, A. (eds.) (2010). London: Jessica Kingsley. pp.272 (pbk) £19.99 ISBN 978-184905003-6 This book is a well-structured look at the place of relationships in social work practice and examines the theoretical base as well as the need for training in, supervision of, and reflection on, its use. The opening chapters by Gillian Ruch and Adrian Ward are well-argued and enlightening, locating the theories of relationship-based work in an historical context, and contextualising the discussions that follow. The links to reflective practice are many and offer sound advice to social work students trying to locate 'self-awareness' in social work and, more explicitly, in reflective practice. The editors' discussion of the ambiguous nature of social work, 'Social Work occupies an ambivalent social space' (p. 22), will help the desired 'light-bulb' moment looked for, in my experience of teaching, in this subject area. The book also develops the why's and how's of there being 'no right answer' to service users' problems, and how a sound knowledge of relationships can help with working in 'Schon's (1983) swampy lowlands'. Adrian Ward's note that ? am suggesting that this is more of an art than a science, more a question of growth and development, rather than merely training' (p. 64) sums up, for me, the need for a fluid approach to working from such a perspective. The next section of the book moves into a series of contributor discussions around the place, and use, of relationships in practice. Chapter Four gives clear evidence of how the understanding of relationships can be used in drawing out information from vulnerable service users and disaffected clients. This aspect provides reference to sound transferable practice skills for working in high-risk situations, such as child abuse cases. However, I felt there was a missed opportunity in the lack of discussion of the evidence from research in such situations, which underpins empowering practice when working with involuntary clients. Kohli and Dutton's links to short-term work gives added breadth to the use of relationships in brief work where they may often be seen as less important because of the time-limited nature of the intervention. They additionally draw in and provide an antimanagerial argument applicable to child protection when they note, 'there is a danger that with families on the move colliding with professionals making haste, little is made into too much and that too much is left invisible and compressed into too little' (p. 101). In my view, they draw out culturally-competent practice, although it is not named as such, with diverse ethnic groups, refugees and asylum seekers. Chapters Six, Seven and Eight then move into working with strong feelings and the emotional costs of working with service users whose behaviours can be unexpected and, very often, intimidating. …
基于关系的社会工作:Ruch, G, Turney, D, and Ward, A.(编)(2010)。伦敦:杰西卡·金斯利。这本书是一个结构良好的看在社会工作实践的关系的地方，并检查的理论基础，以及需要培训，监督和反思，它的使用。吉莉安·鲁奇(Gillian Ruch)和阿德里安·沃德(Adrian Ward)所著的开篇章节论述得很好，很有启发性，将基于关系的工作理论置于历史背景中，并将随后的讨论置于背景中。与反思性实践的联系很多，并为社会工作学生提供了合理的建议，这些学生试图在社会工作中找到“自我意识”，更明确地说，在反思性实践中。编辑们对社会工作的模棱两可性质的讨论，“社会工作占据了一个矛盾的社会空间”(第22页)，将有助于我在这个主题领域的教学经验中所寻找的理想的“灯泡”时刻。这本书还阐述了服务用户的问题“没有正确答案”的原因和方法，以及良好的人际关系知识如何有助于在“Schon(1983)沼泽低地”工作。艾德里安·沃德的笔记?我认为这更像是一门艺术而不是一门科学，更像是一个成长和发展的问题，而不仅仅是训练”(第64页)，对我来说，总结了从这种角度出发，需要一种灵活的方法。本书的下一部分将围绕关系在实践中的位置和使用展开一系列贡献者讨论。第四章提供了明确的证据，说明如何利用对关系的理解，从弱势服务使用者和心怀不满的客户那里提取信息。这方面为处理高风险情况(如虐待儿童案件)提供了可靠的可转移实践技能参考。然而，我觉得在这种情况下缺乏对研究证据的讨论是一个错失的机会，这是在与非自愿客户合作时支持授权实践的基础。Kohli和Dutton与短期工作的联系为在短期工作中使用关系提供了更多的广度，在短期工作中，由于干预的时间限制性质，它们通常被视为不那么重要。他们还引用并提供了一个适用于儿童保护的反管理论点，他们指出，“有一种危险，即移动中的家庭与匆忙的专业人员发生冲突，很少变成太多，太多被忽视并压缩成太少”(第101页)。在我看来，它们引出了不同种族群体、难民和寻求庇护者的文化主管实践，尽管没有这样命名。第六章、第七章和第八章接着讨论了与服务用户打交道的强烈情感和情感成本，这些服务用户的行为可能出乎意料，而且经常令人生畏。．..
{"title":"Relationship-Based Social Work","authors":"Courtney Jones","doi":"10.1921/803160107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1921/803160107","url":null,"abstract":"RELATIONSHIP-BASED SOCIAL WORK Ruch, G., Turney, D, & Ward, A. (eds.) (2010). London: Jessica Kingsley. pp.272 (pbk) £19.99 ISBN 978-184905003-6 This book is a well-structured look at the place of relationships in social work practice and examines the theoretical base as well as the need for training in, supervision of, and reflection on, its use. The opening chapters by Gillian Ruch and Adrian Ward are well-argued and enlightening, locating the theories of relationship-based work in an historical context, and contextualising the discussions that follow. The links to reflective practice are many and offer sound advice to social work students trying to locate 'self-awareness' in social work and, more explicitly, in reflective practice. The editors' discussion of the ambiguous nature of social work, 'Social Work occupies an ambivalent social space' (p. 22), will help the desired 'light-bulb' moment looked for, in my experience of teaching, in this subject area. The book also develops the why's and how's of there being 'no right answer' to service users' problems, and how a sound knowledge of relationships can help with working in 'Schon's (1983) swampy lowlands'. Adrian Ward's note that ? am suggesting that this is more of an art than a science, more a question of growth and development, rather than merely training' (p. 64) sums up, for me, the need for a fluid approach to working from such a perspective. The next section of the book moves into a series of contributor discussions around the place, and use, of relationships in practice. Chapter Four gives clear evidence of how the understanding of relationships can be used in drawing out information from vulnerable service users and disaffected clients. This aspect provides reference to sound transferable practice skills for working in high-risk situations, such as child abuse cases. However, I felt there was a missed opportunity in the lack of discussion of the evidence from research in such situations, which underpins empowering practice when working with involuntary clients. Kohli and Dutton's links to short-term work gives added breadth to the use of relationships in brief work where they may often be seen as less important because of the time-limited nature of the intervention. They additionally draw in and provide an antimanagerial argument applicable to child protection when they note, 'there is a danger that with families on the move colliding with professionals making haste, little is made into too much and that too much is left invisible and compressed into too little' (p. 101). In my view, they draw out culturally-competent practice, although it is not named as such, with diverse ethnic groups, refugees and asylum seekers. Chapters Six, Seven and Eight then move into working with strong feelings and the emotional costs of working with service users whose behaviours can be unexpected and, very often, intimidating. …","PeriodicalId":38894,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Community Justice","volume":"9 1","pages":"154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68032990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SOCIOLOGY FOR SOCIAL WORKERS AND PROBATION OFFICERS Cree, V. (ed.) (1999) 2nd edition, London: Routledge, pp.272 (pbk) £26.99 ISBN 978-0-415-15016-3 Cree offers a well-crafted and accessible introduction to sociological theory. The first chapter introduces definitions and perspectives and the following seven chapters address key concepts. Included are focused accounts of frameworks that structure the social environment. Obvious contenders like 'family' and 'community' are joined by 'health and illness', and 'crime and deviance'. Each chapter follows the same template: an introduction to the concept; some theoretical tools for study; and links between theory and practice. The section on gender is particularly strong, presenting an even-handed picture of feminist positions. The text book is written explicitly to show the usefulness of 'thinking sociologically1, of placing personalised understanding in a social context. This move is examined explicitly in the preface and in the final chapter, where Cree offers ways of integrating sociological thinking into practice. Perhaps the most attractive part of this book is Cree's unwavering and unhidden belief that understanding the social world, and using the conceptual tools offered by sociology, helps practitioners to work. It is an ambitious project. Recognising that both sociology and social work 'may be regarded as an integral part of the process through which society investigates, controls and manages (or, to use Foucault's terminology, 'disciplines') its citizens' (p. 6) is not comfortable. Without this understanding, Cree argues, social workers run the risk of perpetuating oppression and discrimination. Working from this stance to offer a comprehensible account of theory is a challenge well-answered. Cree is interested in how concepts develop over time and in discursive explanations. Her approach in the book is based on broad questions paraphrased from Foucault (Cree, 1995). These questions frame the link between structural explanations and individual actions that can be hard to bring into practice situations. I found her explanations of major approaches compelling; from Marx to Rousseau, from identity politics to the post modern turn, the short entries are consistent, clear and readable. It is hard to find fault with what is in this book but, despite the title, probation officers are not well served here. There is almost no mention of probation work or workers and, worse, some comments could be inimical. For example, she comments that the use of the term 'offender' could be seen as discriminatory (p. 173). This may be true but is unhelpful to practitioners whose organisational structure demands the use of the word. Omissions are everywhere; the section on family does not look at criminal or criminalised families, the section on community looks at gender, sexuality, age and disability, but not offending. …
社会工作者和缓刑官员的社会学克里，v(编)(1999)第二版，伦敦:劳特利奇，页272 (pbk)£26.99 ISBN 978-0-415-15016-3克里提供了一个精心制作和易于访问的社会学理论介绍。第一章介绍了定义和观点，接下来的七章讨论了关键概念。包括对构建社会环境的框架的重点描述。像“家庭”和“社区”这样明显的竞争者，还有“健康和疾病”以及“犯罪和越轨行为”。每章都遵循相同的模板:概念介绍;研究的一些理论工具;理论和实践之间的联系。关于性别的部分尤其突出，呈现了一幅公平的女权主义立场的画面。这本教科书明确地展示了“社会学思考”的有用性，将个人理解置于社会背景中。在前言和最后一章中，克里提出了将社会学思想整合到实践中的方法，对这一举措进行了明确的考察。也许这本书最吸引人的部分是克里毫不动摇和毫不掩饰的信念，即理解社会世界，并使用社会学提供的概念工具，帮助实践者工作。这是一项雄心勃勃的计划。认识到社会学和社会工作都“可能被视为社会调查、控制和管理(或者，用福柯的术语来说，‘纪律’)其公民的过程的一个组成部分”(第6页)是不舒服的。克里认为，如果没有这种理解，社会工作者就会面临压迫和歧视永久化的风险。从这一立场出发，提供一种可理解的理论解释，这是一个很好的挑战。Cree感兴趣的是概念是如何随着时间和话语解释而发展的。她在书中的方法是基于福柯(Cree, 1995)的广泛问题。这些问题构建了结构性解释和个人行为之间的联系，而这些行为很难付诸实践。我发现她对主要方法的解释很有说服力;从马克思到卢梭，从身份政治到后现代转向，短小的条目始终如一，清晰易读。很难找出这本书的缺点，但是，尽管书名如此，缓刑官在这里并没有得到很好的服务。书中几乎没有提到试用期工作或员工，更糟糕的是，一些评论可能带有敌意。例如，她评论说，使用“罪犯”一词可被视为歧视性的(第173页)。这可能是对的，但对于那些组织结构需要使用这个词的从业者来说，这是没有帮助的。遗漏无处不在;关于家庭的部分不涉及犯罪或被定罪的家庭，关于社区的部分关注性别、性取向、年龄和残疾，但不涉及犯罪。…
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YOUNG PEOPLE, CRIME AND JUSTICE Hopkins- Burke, R. (2008). Cullompton: Willan. pp256. £58.00hbk ISBN 978-1-84392-368-8 £19.99pbk ISBN 978-1-84392-367-1 This is a timely volume reflecting on the current concerns about crime and anti -social behaviour associated with young people and on the attempts of the Labour government since 1997 to respond to these concerns. In doing so, the author establishes that anxieties about the conduct of young people are no new phenomenon and that successive panics have arisen throughout the modern period. At the present time, however, in late modernity, perceptions of risk and insecurity have resulted in increased measures of social control, both formal and informal, impinging upon young people's lives. Roger Hopkins -Burke is here attempting to provide a rounded basic text, written from an explicitly left realist perspective, which means that he has sympathies with both the attempts of the Labour administration to respond positively to young people offending or at risk of offending and with the concerns raised by critics of the reformed youth justice system. The book is divided into three broad sections: i. Young people, criminality and criminal justice ii. Explaining youth criminal behaviour iii. The contemporary youth justice system and its critics. These sections are in themselves fairly introductory but, taken together, do provide a challenging analysis of the way that contemporary British society views young people and the measures in place for control, discipline and, significantly in the author's view, tutelage. The first section outlines how these three elements have featured throughout history in the social policy relating to young people, and how the emphasis has changed at different periods. The discussion of tutelage as a means of social control via education, employment and activities such as youthwork and social work is of particular relevance to the latter stages of the book. Here tutelage features prominently again, but more explicitly as a means of attempting inclusion and reintegration within the Third Way politics of New Labour. The first section of the book provides useful context, examining the changing constructions of childhood and adolescence throughout modernity and the resultant twists and turns in policy. The second section looks at theoretical explanations for young people's criminality. While it covers all the main schools of thought organised into rational actor, biological, psychological and sociological theorising, a student wishing to develop an in depth understanding would be advised to supplement the material in this volume - perhaps by visiting Hopkins -Burke's own explorations of criminological theory in earlier publications. …
{"title":"Young People, Crime and Justice","authors":"A. Robinson","doi":"10.4324/9781843925361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781843925361","url":null,"abstract":"YOUNG PEOPLE, CRIME AND JUSTICE Hopkins- Burke, R. (2008). Cullompton: Willan. pp256. £58.00hbk ISBN 978-1-84392-368-8 £19.99pbk ISBN 978-1-84392-367-1 This is a timely volume reflecting on the current concerns about crime and anti -social behaviour associated with young people and on the attempts of the Labour government since 1997 to respond to these concerns. In doing so, the author establishes that anxieties about the conduct of young people are no new phenomenon and that successive panics have arisen throughout the modern period. At the present time, however, in late modernity, perceptions of risk and insecurity have resulted in increased measures of social control, both formal and informal, impinging upon young people's lives. Roger Hopkins -Burke is here attempting to provide a rounded basic text, written from an explicitly left realist perspective, which means that he has sympathies with both the attempts of the Labour administration to respond positively to young people offending or at risk of offending and with the concerns raised by critics of the reformed youth justice system. The book is divided into three broad sections: i. Young people, criminality and criminal justice ii. Explaining youth criminal behaviour iii. The contemporary youth justice system and its critics. These sections are in themselves fairly introductory but, taken together, do provide a challenging analysis of the way that contemporary British society views young people and the measures in place for control, discipline and, significantly in the author's view, tutelage. The first section outlines how these three elements have featured throughout history in the social policy relating to young people, and how the emphasis has changed at different periods. The discussion of tutelage as a means of social control via education, employment and activities such as youthwork and social work is of particular relevance to the latter stages of the book. Here tutelage features prominently again, but more explicitly as a means of attempting inclusion and reintegration within the Third Way politics of New Labour. The first section of the book provides useful context, examining the changing constructions of childhood and adolescence throughout modernity and the resultant twists and turns in policy. The second section looks at theoretical explanations for young people's criminality. While it covers all the main schools of thought organised into rational actor, biological, psychological and sociological theorising, a student wishing to develop an in depth understanding would be advised to supplement the material in this volume - perhaps by visiting Hopkins -Burke's own explorations of criminological theory in earlier publications. …","PeriodicalId":38894,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Community Justice","volume":"7 1","pages":"74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70480316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Raising Parents: Attachment, Parenting and Child Safety","authors":"G. Boswell","doi":"10.5860/choice.46-5326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.46-5326","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38894,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Community Justice","volume":"7 1","pages":"73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71124433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Organisational Features of Victim-Offender Mediation with Youth Offenders in Europe","authors":"A. Mestitz","doi":"10.1007/1-4020-3879-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3879-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38894,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Community Justice","volume":"76 1","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/1-4020-3879-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51425415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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