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Plant Community Composition and Structural Pattern Dynamics in Robe-Raya Natural Forest, Southeast Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚东南部 Robe-Raya 天然林的植物群落组成和结构模式动态
Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2024-04-13 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3155512
Getinet Masresha, Yasin Abdulahi, Getnet Chekole, Amare Bitew
Due to its fortuitous mix of geography, terrain, and geology, Ethiopia is the home of unique assemblages of rich biodiversity. However, this impressive biological diversity is increasingly threatened by the combined effects of different drivers before they are sufficiently investigated. The present work was carried out in Robe-Raya Natural Forest, located in Southeast Ethiopia, with the intention of examining plant community formation and structural dynamics of the forest species. Sixty (20 m × 20 m) quadrats were placed at 100 m distance along eleven east-west directed transect lines systematically. In order to gather juvenile’s data, five subquadrats (2 m × 2 m) were established within the main quadrat, distributed at each corner and middle. In each quadrat, all woody species were recorded and counted; diameter (DBH) and height were measured using tape meter and a hypsometer, respectively, and cover abundance was recorded (in %). Cluster analysis was computed using R-Package to map-out the community types. Species diversity and composition among community types were computed using the Shannon-Wiener index and Sorenson’s coefficient, respectively. Frequency, density, height, DBH, basal area, and IVI were used to analyze structural dynamics. Age-class density ratios were used to examine the regeneration status. Ninety-four woody plant species belonging to 39 families were documented. Asteraceae was the most species-rich family (10 species). The common growth form was shrubs (44.7%) followed by trees (41.5%). Cluster analysis produced four community types. In total, the species diversity and evenness were 3.75 and 0.88, respectively. The forest density and basal area were 1183.3 stems/ha and 57.52 m2·ha−1, respectively. Structural dynamics analyses demonstrated that the forest was composed of, largely, young trees and shrubs and under fair regeneration status. Certain species that have been identified to have low IVI and poor regeneration status should be prioritized for conservation.
由于地理、地形和地质的巧妙结合,埃塞俄比亚拥有独特而丰富的生物多样性。然而,这种令人印象深刻的生物多样性在尚未得到充分调查之前,就日益受到不同驱动因素综合影响的威胁。本研究在位于埃塞俄比亚东南部的 Robe-Raya 天然林进行,旨在考察植物群落的形成和森林物种的结构动态。沿 11 条东西向横断线在 100 米的距离上系统地放置了 60 个(20 米 × 20 米)四分格。为了收集幼林数据,在主四分区内设立了五个子四分区(2 m × 2 m),分布在每个角落和中间。在每个四分区内,记录并统计所有木本物种;使用卷尺和湿度计分别测量直径(DBH)和高度,并记录覆盖丰度(单位:%)。使用 R 软件包进行聚类分析,绘制群落类型图。群落类型之间的物种多样性和组成分别用香农-维纳指数和索伦森系数计算。使用频率、密度、高度、DBH、基部面积和 IVI 分析结构动态。龄级密度比用于研究再生状况。记录了隶属于 39 科的 94 种木本植物。菊科是物种最丰富的科(10 种)。常见的生长形式是灌木(44.7%),其次是乔木(41.5%)。聚类分析得出了四种群落类型。物种多样性和均匀度分别为 3.75 和 0.88。森林密度和基部面积分别为 1183.3 株/公顷和 57.52 平方米/公顷-1。结构动态分析表明,森林主要由幼树和灌木组成,再生状况良好。某些物种已被确认为IVI较低且再生状况较差,应优先加以保护。
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引用次数: 0
Site-Species Allometry Equation for Theobroma cacao L. Biomass Estimation in Agroforestry Systems of Cameroon 喀麦隆农林系统中可可豆生物量估算的地点-物种异构方程
Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7096854
Alex Bleriot Fomekong Tane, Marie Caroline Momo Solefack, Grace Mendi Anjah, Junior Baudoin Wouokoue Taffo, Olivier Clovis Kengne, Samuel Severin Kenfack Feukeng
The accuracy of biomass estimates through mathematical expressions remains essential for the sustainability of the REDD+ process. The objective of this research was to develop allometric models by site species to evaluate the biomass of Theobroma cacao in agroforestry systems in the Central Region of Cameroon. Biomass data were obtained by the destructive method on a sample of 50 trees (5 cm ≤ D ≤ 27 cm). Allometric models were developed using aboveground (AGB), belowground (BGB), and total biomass (TB) as dependent variables and tree dendrometric parameters as independent variables. Nine linear models were adjusted based on the Akaike information criterion (AIC), residual standard error (RSE), coefficient of determination (R2), and various statistical tests including the normality test, heterogeneity, and autocorrelation for the analysis of residuals. The different results show that only the diameter appears to be a good predictor of biomass with an R2 greater than 0.94, 0.85, and 0.95, respectively, for aboveground biomass (M1: ln B = −1.613 + 1.83 × ln (D)), belowground biomass (M1: ln B = −2.611 + 1.65 × ln (D)), and total biomass (M1: ln B = −1.297 + 1.79 × ln (D)). Incorporating crown diameter and height into the models slightly improved the quality of adjusted. Comparison of the models in this study with pantropical equations previously used to estimate Theobroma cacao biomass shows that the models in this study provide a better estimate. The allometric equations developed in this work to estimate the AGB, BGB, and TB of Theobroma cacao can be used under the same environmental conditions to accurately predict the biomass accumulated in agroforestry systems by this species and thus allow the implementation of activities aimed at reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD+) for the benefit of local communities through the carbon market.
通过数学表达式估算生物量的准确性对于 REDD+ 进程的可持续性至关重要。本研究的目的是按地点物种建立异速模型,以评估喀麦隆中部地区农林系统中可可树的生物量。生物量数据是通过对 50 棵树(5 厘米 ≤ D ≤ 27 厘米)进行取样的破坏性方法获得的。以地上生物量(AGB)、地下生物量(BGB)和总生物量(TB)为因变量,以树木树干参数为自变量,建立了异计量模型。根据阿凯克信息准则(AIC)、残差标准误差(RSE)、判定系数(R2)和各种统计检验(包括正态性检验、异质性和残差分析的自相关性)对九个线性模型进行了调整。不同的结果显示,只有直径似乎能很好地预测生物量,地上生物量(M1:ln B = -1.613 + 1.83 × ln (D))、地下生物量(M1:ln B = -2.611 + 1.65 × ln (D))和总生物量(M1:ln B = -1.297 + 1.79 × ln (D))的 R2 分别大于 0.94、0.85 和 0.95。将树冠直径和高度纳入模型略微提高了调整质量。将本研究中的模型与以前用于估算可可豆生物量的泛热带方程进行比较后发现,本研究中的模型能提供更好的估算结果。在相同的环境条件下,本研究开发的用于估算可可树生物量(AGB)、生物量(BGB)和生物量(TB)的计量方程可用于准确预测该树种在农林系统中积累的生物量,从而通过碳市场实施旨在减少毁林和森林退化所致排放量(REDD+)的活动,造福当地社区。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation of Woody Species Composition, Diversity, and Carbon Stock under Agroforestry Practices in Oromia National Region State, Central Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚中部奥罗米亚国家地区农林业实践中的木质树种组成、多样性和碳储量调查
Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8463030
Meseret Setota, Wakshum Shiferaw, Daba Misgana
Agroforestry is a common practice in the tropics that is characterized by various activities such as parkland on cultivated lands or home garden agroforestry around homesteads. In Ethiopia, agroforestry is an ancient land use type that is practiced by smallholder farmers. Scattered trees in cropland or parkland trees and home garden trees are old agroforestry practices, and the most dominant practices exist in different parts of Ethiopia. They cover large areas of highland, midland, and lowland agroecologies of Liban Jawi District in West Showa of Oromia National Regional State, Central Ethiopia. However, woody species particularly in parklands are declining in many agricultural landscapes due to the overuses for fuel wood, charcoal production, and expansion of agricultural lands due to the degradation of nearby forests. In the study sites, comprehensive studies in terms of their composition, diversity, structure, and carbon stocks are still not well explored. In this context, we assessed woody species composition and diversity, structure, and carbon stocks because parkland and home garden agroforestry practices in three agroecologies of highland, midland, and lowlands in the district were not quantified. About 45 parkland woody species were collected from 150 plots of 5000 m2, and 35 home garden woody species were collected from 70 plots of 400 m2. As a result, a total of 80 species belonging to 52 families and 62 genera were collected from parkland and home garden agroforestry practices. Woody species diversity was analyzed using species richness, Shannon diversity index, and Shannon evenness index. In this study, the Shannon diversity (2.8) and Shannon evenness indexes (0.54) of woody species were computed in parkland agroforestry, in the meantime the Shannon diversity index (3.30) and Shannon evenness index (0.52) for woody species of the home garden were computed. The distribution of diameter classes of 10–30 cm had the highest number of trees and shrubs followed by 31–60 cm diameter classes. However, the highest number of trees and shrubs were in 61–90 cm diameter class in the home garden. In this study, woody species, such as Citrus sinensis, Mangifera indica, Persea americana, Sesbania sesban, Vernonia amygdalina, and Azadirachta indica were the dominant species under the two agroforestry practices. The values of carbon stack for highland, midland, and lowland in parkland agroforestry were 19.8 MgCha−1, 17.6 MgCha−1, and 17.5 MgCha−1, respectively. Meanwhile, the total biomass of woody species in highland, midland, and lowland for homestead agroforestry was 32.6 MgCha−1, 34.7 MgCha−1, and 31.2 MgCha−1, respectively. These resulted in carbon dioxide sequestered of 72.59 CO2 equivalents (tha−1), 64.52 CO2 equivalents (tha−1), and 64.16 CO2 equivalents (tha−1) in highland, midland, and lowland woody species, respectively. This study holds significant inputs for policymakers, regional administrators, environmentalists, and natural resource ex
农林业是热带地区的一种常见做法,其特点是开展各种活动,如在耕地上开辟园地或在宅基地周围开辟庭院农林业。在埃塞俄比亚,农林业是一种古老的土地利用类型,由小农户实施。耕地中的零星树木或园地树木和家庭花园树木是古老的农林业做法,也是埃塞俄比亚不同地区最主要的农林业做法。它们覆盖了埃塞俄比亚中部奥罗莫国家区域州西昭和利班贾维区的高地、中地和低地农业生态的大片区域。然而,由于过度使用木材作为燃料、木炭生产以及附近森林退化导致农业用地扩大,许多农业景观中的木本物种(尤其是公园绿地中的木本物种)正在减少。在研究地点,对其组成、多样性、结构和碳储量等方面的综合研究还不够深入。在这种情况下,由于该地区高地、中地和低地三种农业生态中的园地和家庭园地农林实践尚未量化,我们对木本物种的组成和多样性、结构和碳储量进行了评估。从 150 块 5000 平方米的地块中采集了约 45 种园地木本植物,从 70 块 400 平方米的地块中采集了 35 种家庭园圃木本植物。因此,从公园和家庭园林农林实践中共收集到 80 个物种,隶属 52 科 62 属。木质物种多样性采用物种丰富度、香农多样性指数和香农均匀度指数进行分析。本研究计算了公园农林中木本物种的香农多样性指数(2.8)和香农均匀度指数(0.54),同时计算了家庭园林中木本物种的香农多样性指数(3.30)和香农均匀度指数(0.52)。直径 10-30 厘米的乔木和灌木数量最多,其次是直径 31-60 厘米的乔木和灌木。不过,家庭花园中直径 61-90 厘米级别的乔木和灌木数量最多。在这项研究中,两种农林业实践中的优势树种是木本植物,如中国柑橘(Citrus sinensis)、芒果(Mangifera indica)、美国鲈鱼(Persea americana)、芝麻(Sesbania sesban)、杏仁柿(Vernonia amygdalina)和柚木(Azadirachta indica)。在公园地农林业中,高地、中地和低地的碳堆叠值分别为 19.8 MgCha-1、17.6 MgCha-1 和 17.5 MgCha-1。同时,宅地农林业的高地、中地和低地木本物种总生物量分别为 32.6 MgCha-1、34.7 MgCha-1 和 31.2 MgCha-1。因此,高地、中地和低地木本植物的二氧化碳螯合量分别为 72.59 二氧化碳当量(ha-1)、64.52 二氧化碳当量(ha-1)和 64.16 二氧化碳当量(ha-1)。这项研究为政策制定者、地区管理者、环境学家和自然资源专家提供了重要信息,有助于农民管理和保护耕地上的木本物种和宅基地周围的家庭园林农林植物,从而为利班贾维地区提供生态系统服务和气候减缓对策。在园地和宅院农林业实践中,社区应掌握诀窍,预测耕地上的木本物种遭到破坏所造成的环境后果。
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引用次数: 0
A Preliminary Survey of Medium- and Large-Sized Mammals and Their Conservation Status in the Asimba Forest Priority Area, Semiarid Highlands of Northern Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚北部半干旱高原阿辛巴森林重点地区中大型哺乳动物及其保护现状初步调查
Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2024-02-24 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6613762
T. Girmay, Haylegebriel Tesfay
Mammal species provide vital environmental and economic functions although they globally face numerous threats. Knowledge of the composition and diversity of mammal species provide information for appropriate management interventions. We conducted this study from July 2019 to February 2020 to assess the species composition, diversity, and conservation of medium- and large-sized mammals in the Asimba Forest Priority Area, northern Ethiopia. Data were collected through direct and indirect evidence from three habitat types, namely, natural forest, bushland, and plantation forest. We analyzed the data using descriptive statistics and the Species Diversity Index. We also used χ2 to compare differences in the number of observations and species richness of the mammal species in different habitats between the dry and wet seasons. A total of 263 observations were compiled, and 15 medium- and large-sized mammalian species were recorded in the Asimba Forest Priority Area. The Species Diversity Index and Evenness of the area were H′ = 2.436 and J = 0.899, respectively. Hamadryas baboon (Papio hamadryas) was the most commonly observed species, with 20.7 and 19.2 relative frequencies in the dry and wet seasons, respectively, whereas striped polecat (Ictonyx striatus) was the rarest species, with 3.0 and 0.0 relative frequencies during the dry and wet seasons, respectively. The number of observations (χ2 = 2.298, df = 2, and p=0.316) and species richness (χ2 = 0.115, df = 2, and p=0.943) did not differ significantly in the three habitats. Anthropogenic factors, mainly habitat destruction and overgrazing, were widely observed in the Asimba forest as conservation threats to the mammal species. The current study helps to increase knowledge about the mammal species of the area and is essential for their future conservation strategies.
哺乳动物物种在全球范围内面临着众多威胁,但它们却发挥着重要的环境和经济功能。对哺乳动物物种组成和多样性的了解为适当的管理干预提供了信息。我们于 2019 年 7 月至 2020 年 2 月开展了这项研究,以评估埃塞俄比亚北部阿辛巴森林重点地区中大型哺乳动物的物种组成、多样性和保护情况。数据是通过三种栖息地类型(即天然林、灌木林和人工林)的直接和间接证据收集的。我们使用描述性统计和物种多样性指数对数据进行了分析。我们还使用χ2比较了旱季和雨季不同生境中哺乳动物物种的观察数量和物种丰富度的差异。在阿辛巴森林重点保护区共观察到263个物种,记录到15个中型和大型哺乳动物物种。该地区的物种多样性指数和均匀度分别为 H′ = 2.436 和 J = 0.899。哈马德里亚狒狒(Papio hamadryas)是最常观察到的物种,在旱季和雨季的相对出现频率分别为 20.7 和 19.2,而条纹竹丝猫(Ictonyx striatus)是最稀有的物种,在旱季和雨季的相对出现频率分别为 3.0 和 0.0。三种栖息地的观察数(χ2 = 2.298,df = 2,p=0.316)和物种丰富度(χ2 = 0.115,df = 2,p=0.943)没有显著差异。人类活动因素,主要是栖息地破坏和过度放牧,在阿辛巴森林中被广泛观察到,是对哺乳动物物种保护的威胁。目前的研究有助于增加对该地区哺乳动物物种的了解,对其未来的保护策略至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Microplastics in the Ecosystem: A Systematic Review of the Methods for Their Detection and Removal 生态系统中的微塑料:检测和清除微塑料方法的系统性综述
Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8826716
Santiago L. Rubiños, Juan H. Grados, Juan T. Medina, Eduardo N. Chávez, Edwin Huarcaya, Victor E. Rocha, Herbert J. Grados, Milagros R. Neyra
Currently, research on microplastics (MPs) has increased due to their rapid distribution throughout the world and their harmful effects on the ecosystem. However, a detailed description of their dispersion and the methods for both detection and removal has not been given. The objective of this research is to carry out a bibliographic review that allows for a multidisciplinary analysis of microplastic contamination and current detection and removal methods. The method used is PRISMA in which articles from reliable databases such as Scopus, Web of science, and Google Scholar were collected and analyzed to finally provide details on the physical and chemical methods for detecting MPs, in addition to presenting the technologies for their removal. As a result of the analysis, critical information was obtained from the different studies on the impact of MPs on the ecosystem and the variation in detection and removal efficiency according to the type of pretreatment and methods applied to the sample. It is concluded that this research is essential to understand the consequences that MPs have on the ecosystem and provide tools to evaluate and improve current technologies, mainly detection and removal.
目前,由于微塑料(MPs)在全球的快速分布及其对生态系统的有害影响,有关微塑料的研究日益增多。然而,关于微塑料的散布情况以及检测和清除方法的详细描述还没有出现。本研究的目的是进行文献综述,以便对微塑料污染以及当前的检测和清除方法进行多学科分析。本研究采用 PRISMA 方法,从 Scopus、Web of science 和 Google Scholar 等可靠数据库中收集并分析文章,最终提供检测微塑料的物理和化学方法的详细信息,并介绍清除微塑料的技术。分析结果表明,从不同的研究中获得了关于 MPs 对生态系统影响的重要信息,以及根据预处理类型和对样品采用的方法而在检测和去除效率方面存在的差异。结论是,这项研究对于了解 MPs 对生态系统的影响以及提供评估和改进当前技术(主要是检测和去除技术)的工具至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Population Density of Wild Animals and Their Conflict in Konasa_Pulasa Community Conserved Forest, Omo Valley, Southern Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚南部奥莫河谷 Konasa_Pulasa 社区保护林中野生动物的种群密度及其冲突
Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8437073
Mesfin Matusal, A. Megaze, Taye Dobamo
Human-wildlife conflict presents an increasing challenge to conservation, particularly in densely populated parts of low-income countries. An investigation on wild animal population density and its conflict was carried out from December 2019 to May 2020 in the Konasa_Pulasa Community Conserved Forest, Omo Valley, Southern Ethiopia: implications for wildlife conservation. The distance sampling method was used to estimate the population status of wild animals in an area of 187.57 km2. Human-wild animal conflict was quantified using a questionnaire survey with 290 randomly selected household heads from five villages. In addition, focus group discussions were conducted to obtain additional information. The mean density of the Anubis baboons was 4.51 ± 0.76, that of the grivet monkeys was 3.24 ± 0.51, that of the porcupines was 0.89 ± 0.17, that of the spotted hyenas was 0.58 ± 0.15, and that of the black-backed jackals was 0.65 ± 0.12 individuals/km2. The result shows that crop damage and livestock predation were common problems in the study area. The most damaged cereal crops were maize (26.5%). The Anubis baboon was the most common crop raiding species (34.9%). An estimated average loss of different crop types was US$15.01 per year per household. Regarding livestock, sheep (36.2%) and poultry (44.3%) were the animals most attacked. The predator responsible for livestock depredation reported most frequently was the spotted hyena (35%), followed by the black-backed jackal (24%) and the leopard (16%), and it was responsible for the loss of 271 domestic animals with an estimated economic loss of US $24,395.92 in five villages. Guarding (47.4%) was the main means of mitigation methods. Most farmers’ (47.4%) attitude towards wild animal conservation was positive. The extent of the damage varied between villages and with the distance from the forest boundary. Local people close to the forest boundaries were highly vulnerable to wild animal conflict. Our results show that livestock predation and crop damage were common problems caused by Anubis baboon, verves monkeys, porcupines, spotted hyenas, and black-backed jackals. The increase in the population of wild animals and the proximity to the forest are the causes of HWC. Guarding is the dominant traditional method used to reduce HWC in the study area. Using effective methods to reduce livestock damage and loss to crops, including improved livestock husbandry, cultivating unpalatable crops near the forest and raising local community awareness could make local residents aware of conservation.
人类与野生动物的冲突给保护工作带来了越来越大的挑战,尤其是在低收入国家人口稠密的地区。2019 年 12 月至 2020 年 5 月,在埃塞俄比亚南部奥莫河谷的 Konasa_Pulasa 社区保护林开展了一项关于野生动物种群密度及其冲突的调查:对野生动物保护的影响。采用距离取样法估算了 187.57 平方公里区域内野生动物的种群状况。通过对五个村庄随机抽取的 290 位户主进行问卷调查,量化了人与野生动物之间的冲突。此外,还进行了焦点小组讨论,以获取更多信息。阿努比斯狒狒的平均密度为 4.51 ± 0.76 只/平方公里,叼猴的平均密度为 3.24 ± 0.51 只/平方公里,豪猪的平均密度为 0.89 ± 0.17 只/平方公里,斑鬣狗的平均密度为 0.58 ± 0.15 只/平方公里,黑背豺的平均密度为 0.65 ± 0.12 只/平方公里。结果表明,作物损害和牲畜捕食是研究地区的常见问题。受损最严重的谷类作物是玉米(26.5%)。阿努比斯狒狒是最常见的掠夺农作物的物种(34.9%)。据估计,不同类型作物的平均损失为每户每年 15.01 美元。在牲畜方面,羊(36.2%)和家禽(44.3%)是受攻击最多的动物。斑鬣狗(35%)、黑背豺(24%)和豹(16%)是最常见的掠食者,它们造成了五个村庄 271 头家畜的损失,估计经济损失为 24,395.92 美元。守护(47.4%)是主要的缓解方法。大多数农民(47.4%)对野生动物保护持积极态度。不同村庄的受损程度不同,与森林边界的距离也不同。靠近森林边界的当地人极易受到野生动物冲突的影响。我们的研究结果表明,家畜捕食和农作物损害是阿努比斯狒狒、疣猴、豪猪、斑鬣狗和黑背豺造成的常见问题。野生动物数量的增加和靠近森林是造成 HWC 的原因。在研究地区,看护是减少 HWC 的主要传统方法。采用有效的方法减少牲畜对农作物的损害和损失,包括改进畜牧业、在森林附近种植难吃的农作物以及提高当地社区的认识,可以使当地居民提高保护意识。
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引用次数: 0
Problem of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.)) in Lake Tana (Ethiopia): Ecological, Economic, and Social Implications and Management Options 塔纳湖(埃塞俄比亚)的布袋莲(Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.))问题:生态、经济和社会影响及管理方案
Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-12-02 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4618069
Sewnet Getahun, Habtamu Kefale
Lake Tana is Ethiopia’s largest body of fresh water, covering approximately 3,200 km2. Despite its multidisciplinary applications in Ethiopia and neighboring countries, water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) is a significant problem in this large lake. This invasive weed first appeared in Lake Tana in 2011 and quickly spread to the water’s surface over the next two to three years. In this background, this article aims at reviewing the existing knowledge on the occurrence, impact, and management options for water hyacinths in Lake Tana. Water hyacinth is one of the most dangerous water weeds, causing a wide range of problems in bodies of water and water resources, including ecological, environmental, economic, and social consequences. Due to the weed species’ rapid spread via sexual and asexual reproduction, it covers a wide range of water bodies, and appropriate management options must be implemented before seriously affecting the water body and spreading to the Nile Basin.
塔纳湖是埃塞俄比亚最大的淡水湖,面积约3200平方公里。尽管水葫芦在埃塞俄比亚及其邻国有着多学科的应用,但它的应用范围并不广。Solms)是这个大湖的一个重大问题。这种入侵性杂草于2011年首次出现在塔纳湖,并在接下来的两到三年里迅速蔓延到水面。在此背景下,本文旨在对塔纳湖水葫芦的发生、影响和管理方案进行综述。水葫芦是最危险的水草之一,对水体和水资源造成广泛的问题,包括生态、环境、经济和社会后果。由于该杂草通过有性繁殖和无性繁殖的方式迅速传播,其覆盖的水体范围广泛,必须采取适当的管理措施,以免严重影响水体并向尼罗河流域蔓延。
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引用次数: 0
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International Journal of Ecology
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