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IEEE 2nd Symposium on Multi-Agent Security and Survivability, 2005.最新文献

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Designing decentralized software for a wireless network environment: evaluating patterns of mobility for a mobile agent swarm 无线网络环境下分散式软件设计:移动agent群的移动性模式评估
Pub Date : 2005-09-12 DOI: 10.1109/MASSUR.2005.1507047
V. Cicirello, A. Mroczkowski, W. Regli
Designing decentralized software applications for a wireless network environment offers harsh challenges to the software engineer. All of the usual difficulties associated with a distributed system are present, but are amplified by the inherent dynamics and uncertainty of the wireless network. This paper takes an agent-oriented software engineering perspective in considering how to design decentralized software systems for a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) of resource-constrained devices. Specifically, the authors codify within the context of a software design pattern the concept of an agent swarm. Swarms of mobile agents have been used in the development of applications to support coordination and collaboration in a live MANET test bed. Work is underway to transition some of this technology into use by public protectors as part of the Philadelphia area urban wireless network testbed. The objectives of this paper include motivating the need for a swarm-based approach to distributed software for wireless environments and discussing the critical issues involved with mobile agents swarming on a MANET. For example, one such design issue is the selection of migration patterns for use by the swarming agents. Several different types of itinerary patterns are evaluated within the context of a mobile agent swarm.
为无线网络环境设计分散的软件应用程序对软件工程师提出了严峻的挑战。与分布式系统相关的所有常见困难都存在,但被无线网络固有的动态和不确定性放大了。本文从面向智能体的软件工程角度出发,研究了如何为资源受限的移动自组网(MANET)设计分散式软件系统。具体地说,作者在软件设计模式的上下文中编纂了代理群的概念。成群的移动代理已被用于应用程序的开发,以支持实时MANET测试平台中的协调和协作。作为费城地区城市无线网络试验台的一部分,这项技术正在被公共保护人员使用。本文的目标包括激发对基于群体的无线环境分布式软件方法的需求,并讨论在MANET上移动代理群体所涉及的关键问题。例如,一个这样的设计问题是选择群集代理使用的迁移模式。在移动代理群的背景下,评估了几种不同类型的行程模式。
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引用次数: 5
An agents establishes trust with equitable information revelation 代理人通过公平的信息披露建立信任
Pub Date : 2005-09-12 DOI: 10.1109/MASSUR.2005.1507049
J. Debenham, S. Simoff
Negotiation is an information exchange process as well as an offer exchange process. Theories of competitive negotiation are typically founded on game theory where the agent's utility function is the focus. If an agent is uncertain of the integrity of its information then it may not know its utility with certainty. Here what an agent knows and how certain it is of what it knows are modelled using tools from information theory that are applied to value information. An agent attempts to instil a sense trust in its opponent by revealing information of comparable 'value' in its responses to that which it has received. Each proposal and claim exchanged reveals valuable information about the sender's position. A negotiation may break down if an agent believes that its opponent is not playing fairly. The agent aims to give the impression of fair play by responding with comparable information revelation whilst playing strategically to influence its opponent's preferences with claims. The agent makes no assumptions about the internals of its opponent, including her motivations, logic, and whether she is conscious of a utility function.
谈判是一个信息交换的过程,也是一个要约交换的过程。竞争谈判理论通常建立在博弈论的基础上,以代理人的效用函数为研究重点。如果一个代理不确定其信息的完整性,那么它可能不确定其效用。在这里,一个代理知道什么,以及它对自己知道的东西有多确定,是用信息论的工具来建模的,这些工具应用于价值信息。代理人试图通过在其收到的回应中透露具有相当“价值”的信息,向其对手灌输信任感。交换的每一个提议和要求都揭示了发件人立场的宝贵信息。如果一方代理人认为其对手没有公平竞争,谈判可能会破裂。代理人的目标是通过可比的信息披露来回应公平竞争的印象,同时策略性地使用声明来影响对手的偏好。智能体对其对手的内部情况不做任何假设,包括她的动机、逻辑以及她是否意识到效用函数。
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引用次数: 3
Survivability of a distributed multi-agent application - a performance control perspective 分布式多代理应用程序的生存性——性能控制的视角
Pub Date : 2005-09-12 DOI: 10.1109/MASSUR.2005.1507044
N. Gnanasambandam, Seokcheon Lee, S. Kumara, N. Gautam, W. Peng, V. Manikonda, M. Brinn, M. Greaves
Distributed multi-agent systems (DMAS) such as supply chains functioning in highly dynamic environments need to achieve maximum overall utility during operation. The utility from maintaining performance is an important component of their survivability. This utility is often met by identifying trade-offs between quality of service and performance. To adaptively choose the operational settings for better utility, we propose an autonomous and scalable queueing theory based methodology to control the performance of a hierarchical network of distributed agents. By formulating the MAS as an open queueing network with multiple classes of traffic we evaluate the performance and subsequently the utility, from which we identify the control alternative for a localized, multi-tier zone. When the problem scales, another larger queueing network could be composed using zones as building blocks. This method advocates the systematic specification of the DMAS's attributes to aid realtime translation of the DMAS into a queueing network. We prototype our framework in Cougaar and verify our results.
分布式多智能体系统(DMAS),如在高动态环境中运行的供应链,需要在运行过程中实现最大的整体效用。维护性能的实用程序是其生存能力的重要组成部分。此实用程序通常通过确定服务质量和性能之间的权衡来实现。为了自适应地选择操作设置以获得更好的效用,我们提出了一种基于自主和可扩展排队理论的方法来控制分布式代理的分层网络的性能。通过将MAS描述为具有多个流量类别的开放排队网络,我们评估了性能和随后的效用,从中我们确定了局部多层区域的控制替代方案。当问题扩展时,可以使用区域作为构建块来组成另一个更大的排队网络。该方法主张系统地规范DMAS的属性,以帮助将DMAS实时转换为排队网络。我们在Cougaar中创建了框架原型,并验证了结果。
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引用次数: 3
Context-based security management for multi-agent systems 多代理系统的基于上下文的安全管理
Pub Date : 2005-09-12 DOI: 10.1109/MASSUR.2005.1507050
R. Montanari, A. Toninelli, J. Bradshaw
Policies are being increasingly used for controlling the behavior of complex multi-agent systems. The use of policies allows administrators to specify both agent permissions and duties without changing source code or requiring the consent or cooperation of the agents being governed. However, policy-based control can encounter difficulties when applied to agents that act in pervasive environments characterized by frequent and unpredictable changes. In this case, policies cannot be all specified a priori to face any operative run time situation, but require continuous adjustments to allow agents to behave in a contextually appropriate manner. Current approaches to policy representation have been restrictive in many ways, as they typically follow a subject-centric model, which assigns agent permissions and obligations on the basis of agent role/identity information. However, in the new pervasive scenario the roles/identities of interacting agents may not be known a-priori and most important, may not be informative or sufficiently trustworthy. We claim that the design of policy-based agent systems for pervasive environments requires a paradigm shift from subject-centric to context-centric policy models. This paper discusses some issues concerning the specification and enforcement of context-driven policies and presents a novel context-based policy approach that considers context as a first-class principle to guide both policy specification and enforcement. In this perspective, "context" explicitly appears in the specification of security policies and context changes trigger the evaluation process of applicable agent permissions and obligations.
策略越来越多地用于控制复杂的多智能体系统的行为。策略的使用允许管理员指定代理权限和职责,而无需更改源代码,也不需要被治理代理的同意或合作。但是,当将基于策略的控制应用于以频繁和不可预测的变化为特征的普遍环境中的代理时,可能会遇到困难。在这种情况下,不能预先指定所有策略以应对任何操作运行时情况,而是需要不断调整以允许代理以上下文适当的方式行事。当前的策略表示方法在许多方面都有局限性,因为它们通常遵循以主题为中心的模型,该模型根据代理角色/身份信息分配代理权限和义务。然而,在新的普遍场景中,交互代理的角色/身份可能不是先验的,最重要的是,可能没有信息或不够可信。我们声称,为普及环境设计基于策略的代理系统需要从以主题为中心的策略模型转变为以上下文为中心的策略模型。本文讨论了有关上下文驱动策略的规范和实施的一些问题,并提出了一种新的基于上下文的策略方法,该方法将上下文视为指导策略规范和实施的头等原则。从这个角度来看,“上下文”显式地出现在安全策略的规范中,上下文更改触发适用代理权限和义务的评估过程。
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引用次数: 25
Agent survivability through power awareness 通过力量感知来提高特工的生存能力
Pub Date : 2005-09-12 DOI: 10.1109/MASSUR.2005.1507045
Maxim Peysakhov, A. Mroczkowski, Leonardo F. Urbano, Jacob Warren, V. Cicirello, W. Regli, Moshe Kam Drexel
Wireless mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETS) of personal digital assistants (PDAs) are a growing field of study due to potential applications in environments that lack a functioning communications infrastructure. Mobile computing platforms such as PDAs and tablet PCs offer software designers great challenges to the design of survivable software applications. One of these challenges pertains to limited power resources. Processor loads, large amounts of wireless network activity, and input/output (I/O operations can strain the limited battery life inherent with such mobile platforms. In this paper we demonstrate how power awareness of software agents can increase system robustness and survivability. This paper presents first steps in a direction that can derive large payoffs for decentralized coordination and collaboration on power-constrained computing platforms.
个人数字助理(pda)的无线移动自组织网络(MANETS)由于其在缺乏功能通信基础设施的环境中的潜在应用而成为一个不断发展的研究领域。pda和平板电脑等移动计算平台为软件设计人员设计可生存的软件应用程序提供了巨大的挑战。其中一个挑战与有限的电力资源有关。处理器负载、大量无线网络活动和输入/输出(I/O)操作可能会耗尽此类移动平台固有的有限电池寿命。在本文中,我们演示了软件代理的能力感知如何提高系统的鲁棒性和生存性。本文提出了在一个方向上迈出的第一步,这个方向可以在功率受限的计算平台上为分散的协调和协作带来巨大的回报。
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引用次数: 1
Semantic-compensation-based recovery in multi-agent systems 多智能体系统中基于语义补偿的恢复
Pub Date : 2005-09-12 DOI: 10.1109/MASSUR.2005.1507051
A. Unruh, H. Harjadi, J. Bailey, K. Ramamohanarao
In agent systems, an agent's recovery from, execution problems is often complicated by constraints that are not present in a more traditional distributed, database systems environment. An analysis of agent-related crash recovery issues is presented, and requirements for achieving 'acceptable' agent crash recovery are discussed. Motivated by this analysis, a novel approach to managing agent recovery is presented. It utilises an event-and task-driven model for employing semantic compensation; task retries, and checkpointing. The compensation/retry model requires a situated model of action and failure, and provides the agent with an emergent unified, treatment of both crash recovery and run-time failure-handling. This approach helps the agent to recover acceptably from crashes and execution problems; improve system predictability; manage inter-task dependencies; and address the way in which exogenous events or crashes can trigger the need for a re-decomposition of a task. Agent architecture is then presented, which uses pair processing to leverage these recovery techniques and increase the agent's availability on crash restart.
在代理系统中,代理从执行问题中恢复通常会因约束而变得复杂,这些约束在更传统的分布式数据库系统环境中不存在。对与代理相关的崩溃恢复问题进行了分析,并讨论了实现“可接受的”代理崩溃恢复的要求。在此基础上,提出了一种新的agent恢复管理方法。它利用事件和任务驱动模型来实现语义补偿;任务重试和检查点。补偿/重试模型需要操作和故障的定位模型,并为代理提供紧急的统一处理崩溃恢复和运行时故障处理。这种方法有助于代理从崩溃和执行问题中恢复到可接受的状态;提高系统的可预测性;管理任务间的依赖关系;并解决外生事件或崩溃触发任务重新分解的方式。然后介绍了代理体系结构,它使用对处理来利用这些恢复技术,并增加代理在崩溃重启时的可用性。
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引用次数: 17
Implementing QoS-adaptation in coordination artifacts by enhancing Cougaar multi-agent middleware 通过增强Cougaar多代理中间件在协调工件中实现qos适应
Pub Date : 2005-09-12 DOI: 10.1109/MASSUR.2005.1507046
J. Zinky, R. Shapiro, S. Siracuse, T. Wright
Coordination artifacts are first-class software entities that encapsulate an abstract communication pattern either among agents or between an agent and its environment. By separating these coordination artifacts from agent implementations, both are simplified and acquire a nearly parallel structure. Coordination artifacts provide an ideal means for dealing with systemic issues, including survivability, allowing the remaining agent code to focus solely on its domain/business logic. Coordination artifacts can be implemented as a small set of extensions to the existing Cougaar agent middleware. In this paper, we present a design for coordination artifacts and their implementation in Cougaar.
协调工件是一流的软件实体,它封装了代理之间或代理与其环境之间的抽象通信模式。通过将这些协调构件与代理实现分离,两者都得到了简化,并获得了近乎并行的结构。协调工件为处理系统问题(包括生存性)提供了一种理想的方法,允许剩余的代理代码只关注其域/业务逻辑。协调工件可以作为现有Cougaar代理中间件的一小组扩展来实现。在本文中,我们提出了一个协调工件的设计及其在Cougaar中的实现。
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引用次数: 3
Approximation results for probabilistic survivability 概率生存能力的近似结果
Pub Date : 2005-09-12 DOI: 10.1109/MASSUR.2005.1507042
Y. Zhang, E. Manister, Sarit Kraus, V. S. Subrahmanian
As multiagent systems (MASs) are increasingly used in industrial applications, the need to make them more robust and resilient against disruption increases dramatically. The author has developed a probabilistic model (assuming complete ignorance of dependencies between node failures) of survivability based on deploying each agent in a MAS on one or more nodes. Finding a deployment that maximizes survivability is highly intractable for two reasons: firstly, computing the survivability of any deployment is intractable, and secondly, going through an exponential number of deployments to find the best one adds another layer of intractability. In this paper, we study what happens when node failures are independent. We show that computing survivability in this environment is still intractable. We propose various heuristics to compute the survivability of a given deployment. We have implemented and tested all these heuristics. We report on the advantages and disadvantages of different heuristics in different environmental settings.
随着多智能体系统(MASs)在工业应用中的应用越来越多,使它们更加健壮和抗中断的弹性的需求急剧增加。作者基于在一个或多个节点上部署MAS中的每个代理,开发了一个生存能力的概率模型(假设完全忽略节点故障之间的依赖关系)。找到最大生存能力的部署是非常棘手的,原因有两个:首先,计算任何部署的生存能力都是棘手的,其次,通过指数数量的部署来找到最佳部署增加了另一层棘手性。在本文中,我们研究了当节点故障是独立的情况下会发生什么。我们表明,在这种环境下计算生存能力仍然是棘手的。我们提出了各种启发式方法来计算给定部署的生存能力。我们已经实现并测试了所有这些启发式方法。我们报告不同的启发式在不同的环境设置的优点和缺点。
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引用次数: 5
Using POMDP-based state estimation to enhance agent system survivability 利用基于pomdp的状态估计提高智能体系统的生存能力
Pub Date : 2005-09-12 DOI: 10.1109/MASSUR.2005.1507043
A. Cassandra, M. Nodine, S. Bondale, S. Ford, D. Wells
A survivable agent system depends on the incorporation of many recovery features. However, the optimal use of these recovery features requires the ability to assess the actual state of the agent system accurately at a given time. This paper describes an approach for the estimation of the state of an agent system using partially-observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs). POMDPs are dependent on a model of the agent system - components, environment, sensors, and the actuators that can correct problems. Based on this model, we define a state estimation for each component (asset) in the agent system. We model a survivable agent system as a POMDP that takes into account both environmental threats and observations from sensors. We describe the process of updating the state estimation as time passes, as sensor inputs are received, and as actuators affect changes. This state estimation process has been deployed within the Ultralog application and successfully tested using Ultralog's survivability tests on a full-scale (1000+) agent system.
一个可生存的代理系统依赖于许多恢复特性的结合。然而,这些恢复特性的最佳使用需要能够在给定时间准确地评估代理系统的实际状态。本文描述了一种利用部分可观察马尔可夫决策过程(pomdp)估计智能系统状态的方法。pomdp依赖于代理系统的模型——组件、环境、传感器和能够纠正问题的执行器。在此模型的基础上,我们定义了agent系统中每个组件(资产)的状态估计。我们将生存代理系统建模为考虑环境威胁和传感器观测的POMDP。我们描述了随着时间的推移,随着传感器输入的接收,随着执行器影响变化而更新状态估计的过程。该状态估计过程已部署在Ultralog应用程序中,并在一个全尺寸(1000+)代理系统上使用Ultralog的生存能力测试成功地进行了测试。
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引用次数: 10
Configuring requirements-compliant multi-agent systems 配置符合需求的多代理系统
Pub Date : 2005-09-12 DOI: 10.1109/MASSUR.2005.1507048
S. Rho, S. Rosset, T. Redmond
This paper describes Proteus, a tool set that allows users to build distributed multi-agent systems by selecting system properties, ranging from availability of critical components, performance characteristics, desired level of communication protection (encrypt, signature, specific algorithms), policies for society objects (e.g., messages, black-board objects, files, databases) and certificate authorities. Proteus then analyzes selected properties for consistency and tries to resolve them autonomously using previously provided resolution rules. The user is notified of any conflicts Proteus could not resolve for guidance. Once properties are deemed to be resolved, Proteus can generate system policies as well as the configuration files (e.g. XML files) that can be used to deploy the system.
本文描述了Proteus,一个允许用户通过选择系统属性来构建分布式多代理系统的工具集,这些属性包括关键组件的可用性、性能特征、所需的通信保护级别(加密、签名、特定算法)、社会对象(例如消息、黑板对象、文件、数据库)的策略和证书颁发机构。然后,Proteus分析所选属性的一致性,并尝试使用先前提供的解析规则自主地解析它们。用户会收到任何Proteus无法解决的冲突通知。一旦属性被确定,Proteus就可以生成系统策略以及可用于部署系统的配置文件(例如XML文件)。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
IEEE 2nd Symposium on Multi-Agent Security and Survivability, 2005.
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