In recent times, land use for commercial, residential, and transportation purposes among others is dislodging former units and bare sites as a result of structural alteration, mostly in the urban centers of Nigeria. The changes are due to various guises and structural shift, outright demolition and redevelopment and their impact is consequential. This paper assesses the current pattern which residential zones have assumed within the old Festival of Art and Culture (FESTAC) Town in Lagos, Nigeria. The methods used in the study included the delineation of the study area into six avenues which the researcher(s) adopted for the purpose of even coverage, as well as the use of structural questionnaires, base map and GPS in sourcing for necessary data on the field. Additionally, the data collected were assembled, coded and analyzed using simple descriptive statistics and conventional mapping techniques. The findings revealed the factors responsible for the alteration of land use to enhance financial gains, such as changing neighborhood characteristics and the evasion of permission from the town planning authorities. The findings also provided evidence that many structures still remain vulnerable to conversion, alteration, and/or demolition. The paper recommends that adequate permission should be granted by the legal authority before the conversion and rebuilding of any structure into a new land use.
{"title":"Analysis of Successive Land-Use Changes in Old Residential Area of “Festival of Art & Culture (FESTAC) Town” Lagos, Nigeria","authors":"Yusuf Ahmed, O. B. Olantinwo","doi":"10.32350/jaabe.31.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/jaabe.31.03","url":null,"abstract":"In recent times, land use for commercial, residential, and transportation purposes among others is dislodging former units and bare sites as a result of structural alteration, mostly in the urban centers of Nigeria. The changes are due to various guises and structural shift, outright demolition and redevelopment and their impact is consequential. This paper assesses the current pattern which residential zones have assumed within the old Festival of Art and Culture (FESTAC) Town in Lagos, Nigeria. The methods used in the study included the delineation of the study area into six avenues which the researcher(s) adopted for the purpose of even coverage, as well as the use of structural questionnaires, base map and GPS in sourcing for necessary data on the field. Additionally, the data collected were assembled, coded and analyzed using simple descriptive statistics and conventional mapping techniques. The findings revealed the factors responsible for the alteration of land use to enhance financial gains, such as changing neighborhood characteristics and the evasion of permission from the town planning authorities. The findings also provided evidence that many structures still remain vulnerable to conversion, alteration, and/or demolition. The paper recommends that adequate permission should be granted by the legal authority before the conversion and rebuilding of any structure into a new land use.","PeriodicalId":394936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Art Architecture and Built Environment","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121944946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wah Gardens’ historic fabric and physical environment including their cultural setting, buildings, water landscaped gardens, and artistic creations reflect the rich cultural heritage of the Mughal period. Wah Gardens that once depicted the prospects of regality and magnificence lie in ruins presently due to the climatic conditions, negligence of the concerned authorities and anthropogenic vandalism. These cultural assets are the physical evidence of the past. They carry a distinct and unforgettable image in the life of residents that needs to be preserved for future generations to give them their own sense of place and identity. The objective of this research is to identify the threats faced by this marvelous heritage site and review the condition of the heritage structures in order to preserve this cultural heritage resource for the future. Condition assessment and review was carried out to record the existing situation of the buildings as well as the surrounding landscape in order to develop appropriate recommendations for reviving the essence of this vibrant cultural heritage site. The prioritization of recommendations was formulated according to the condition assessment of the Wah Gardens.
{"title":"Condition Assessment: Identification of Threats and Review of Existing Structures of Wah Gardens for Prioritization of Treatment Recommendations","authors":"Ramla Toor, Saima Gulzar, Faiqa Khilat","doi":"10.32350/jaabe.31.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/jaabe.31.06","url":null,"abstract":"Wah Gardens’ historic fabric and physical environment including their cultural setting, buildings, water landscaped gardens, and artistic creations reflect the rich cultural heritage of the Mughal period. Wah Gardens that once depicted the prospects of regality and magnificence lie in ruins presently due to the climatic conditions, negligence of the concerned authorities and anthropogenic vandalism. These cultural assets are the physical evidence of the past. They carry a distinct and unforgettable image in the life of residents that needs to be preserved for future generations to give them their own sense of place and identity. The objective of this research is to identify the threats faced by this marvelous heritage site and review the condition of the heritage structures in order to preserve this cultural heritage resource for the future. Condition assessment and review was carried out to record the existing situation of the buildings as well as the surrounding landscape in order to develop appropriate recommendations for reviving the essence of this vibrant cultural heritage site. The prioritization of recommendations was formulated according to the condition assessment of the Wah Gardens.","PeriodicalId":394936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Art Architecture and Built Environment","volume":"167 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123029110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarmad Salahuddin, Beenish Mujahid, Farah Jamil, N. Javed
Housing is one of the most important needs of mankind to survive. A secure and properly planned house, gives comfort to people using it, keeping them secure from severe environment, un-wanted people and animals. Apart from the human casualties, the other striking and usually most visible effect of natural disaster is majorly the destruction of houses. The loss of houses has a devastating effect on privacy, livelihoods and the dignity of individuals. An effective program for the reconstruction of houses for those affected is critical to ensure restoration of the society’s economy, cultural identity and dignity. For many humanitarian organizations, employing professional construction companies is the most common and quickest way of rebuilding houses in the aftermath of a disaster. However every strategy has its own risks and limitations, but there is a growing awareness being shared among countries to mitigate these situations. This study carefully examines the reconstruction strategies employed in earthquake affected buildings of Kashmir, Pakistan and Gujrat, India. The analysis concludes proper fulfillment of the bye laws for seismic resistant construction and enforcing law of training for laborers and local people in redevelopment of earthquake hit area.
{"title":"A Comparative Analysis of Reconstruction Strategies Employed in Major Earthquakes of Indo-Pak Region","authors":"Sarmad Salahuddin, Beenish Mujahid, Farah Jamil, N. Javed","doi":"10.32350/JAABE.22.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/JAABE.22.01","url":null,"abstract":"Housing is one of the most important needs of mankind to survive. A secure and properly planned house, gives comfort to people using it, keeping them secure from severe environment, un-wanted people and animals. Apart from the human casualties, the other striking and usually most visible effect of natural disaster is majorly the destruction of houses. The loss of houses has a devastating effect on privacy, livelihoods and the dignity of individuals. An effective program for the reconstruction of houses for those affected is critical to ensure restoration of the society’s economy, cultural identity and dignity. For many humanitarian organizations, employing professional construction companies is the most common and quickest way of rebuilding houses in the aftermath of a disaster. However every strategy has its own risks and limitations, but there is a growing awareness being shared among countries to mitigate these situations. This study carefully examines the reconstruction strategies employed in earthquake affected buildings of Kashmir, Pakistan and Gujrat, India. The analysis concludes proper fulfillment of the bye laws for seismic resistant construction and enforcing law of training for laborers and local people in redevelopment of earthquake hit area.","PeriodicalId":394936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Art Architecture and Built Environment","volume":"203 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132536846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When human race began its activities on Earth, it faced severe challenges of survival. The pursuit of basic necessities like food and shelter advanced them from hunting, to cultivation and food processing. The initiation of agriculture brought qualitative changes in the average human life, following the establishment of permanent settlements, cultures and civilizations. At the beginning of the age of tilling, settlers preferred locations which offered unrestrained water, fertile land and comfortable climate. Every location had its own geographical characteristics, which played a fundamental role in formation of the character and architecture of civilizations. The major early contemporary civilizations include the Egyptian, Mesopotamian and Indus Valley. The natural barren boundaries across the River Nile in Egypt enabled Pharaohs to form a strict slave system. The area accommodating two ancient rivers; Tigris and Euphrates, resulted in a settlement now known as the Mesopotamian civilization. The five rivers of Punjab and Ganges River provided people of the Indus Valley with a large piece of very fertile land. They cultivated land from Himalayan peaks in the north to the Arabian Sea in the south, expanding their civilization and architecture vastly. This paper studies these three civilizations, with reference to their geography, highlighting its effects on the development pattern and architecture. The research will give the apparent picture of how the geography effects the overall growth of civilizations, and also the similarities and dissimilarities from one location to the other.
{"title":"Role of Geography in Formation of Character of Civilizations Case Studies: Egypt, Mesopotamia, Indus Valley","authors":"M. Y. Awan, Faiqa Khilat, Farah Jamil","doi":"10.32350/JAABE.22.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/JAABE.22.02","url":null,"abstract":"When human race began its activities on Earth, it faced severe challenges of survival. The pursuit of basic necessities like food and shelter advanced them from hunting, to cultivation and food processing. The initiation of agriculture brought qualitative changes in the average human life, following the establishment of permanent settlements, cultures and civilizations. At the beginning of the age of tilling, settlers preferred locations which offered unrestrained water, fertile land and comfortable climate. Every location had its own geographical characteristics, which played a fundamental role in formation of the character and architecture of civilizations. The major early contemporary civilizations include the Egyptian, Mesopotamian and Indus Valley. The natural barren boundaries across the River Nile in Egypt enabled Pharaohs to form a strict slave system. The area accommodating two ancient rivers; Tigris and Euphrates, resulted in a settlement now known as the Mesopotamian civilization. The five rivers of Punjab and Ganges River provided people of the Indus Valley with a large piece of very fertile land. They cultivated land from Himalayan peaks in the north to the Arabian Sea in the south, expanding their civilization and architecture vastly. This paper studies these three civilizations, with reference to their geography, highlighting its effects on the development pattern and architecture. The research will give the apparent picture of how the geography effects the overall growth of civilizations, and also the similarities and dissimilarities from one location to the other.","PeriodicalId":394936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Art Architecture and Built Environment","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115055164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The psyche of human mind is best expressed through architecture and the interior design of buildings. No doubt, architecture and psychology are interconnected domains of human experience; while building design is the physical illustration of the creative perception of human psyche. Human interaction with the built environment prompts the senses to perceive and react to it in different logical manners, exemplified through unique spatial expression of every single designer. It has been observed that students as future architects, while tackling with the design projects, put forth their own spatial experiences of interaction with the built environment. For this reason, students of Bachelors in Architecture program at the University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan were interviewed informally to document their psychological approach regarding spatial thinking and translating it into architectural designs of varying quality. The findings acknowledged that the architectural psychology of the designer and the psychological influences of environment impact the construction and building design industry. The diversity in design driven by the psyche of each student is interesting to note and it establishes the fact that every single design is dominated by the concepts developed during the design process. The study has significance as a vital contribution towards the psychological implications of architects for a well-designed built environment.
{"title":"The Dynamics of the Psychological Approach in Designing Spaces: A Study of Architecture Students","authors":"Sana Malik, Farah Jamil","doi":"10.32350/JAABE.21.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/JAABE.21.04","url":null,"abstract":"The psyche of human mind is best expressed through architecture and the interior design of buildings. No doubt, architecture and psychology are interconnected domains of human experience; while building design is the physical illustration of the creative perception of human psyche. Human interaction with the built environment prompts the senses to perceive and react to it in different logical manners, exemplified through unique spatial expression of every single designer. It has been observed that students as future architects, while tackling with the design projects, put forth their own spatial experiences of interaction with the built environment. For this reason, students of Bachelors in Architecture program at the University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan were interviewed informally to document their psychological approach regarding spatial thinking and translating it into architectural designs of varying quality. The findings acknowledged that the architectural psychology of the designer and the psychological influences of environment impact the construction and building design industry. The diversity in design driven by the psyche of each student is interesting to note and it establishes the fact that every single design is dominated by the concepts developed during the design process. The study has significance as a vital contribution towards the psychological implications of architects for a well-designed built environment.","PeriodicalId":394936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Art Architecture and Built Environment","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121267747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Passing by the roads of Lahore, one may witness reckless urban development near graveyards. These graveyards are self-introductory structures and are segregated from the rest by the abodes of the living. The study is about the inscriptions on gravestones in the graveyards of Lahore. The city of Lahore is a historical city with its history narrated through its architecture. One of the key constructions are the cenotaphs of royals; some of them are surrounded by gardens and others with beautifully manifested buildings addressing the time and glory of the past. This study investigates the visual hierarchy of the inscriptions on graves in these graveyards through market trends and techniques followed by their makers and visitors. Graveyards of Lahore, in particular, have a unique consumer culture based on the expressive nature of the people of this city. The techniques, materials and styles of construction of these graves make them more or less similar in their size, appearance and visual effect. Due to these similarities, they don’t captivate the human mind as all graveyards of Lahore are similar in their aesthetics, structure and design. This study explores the peculiar nature of these graveyards revealed by analyzing the gravestones placed almost on all the graves from various aspects. There are few researches available in which the inscriptions on gravestones have been addressed as social proclamations. These proclamations, data collection and visual surveys suggested a shift from just documentation to analytical study. Visual documentation of gravestones allows them to be considered as archives which hold a permanent record of the deceased, including their name, alias, age, gender, profession, religion, sect, final words, etc. It also covers the cultural standing of the deceased person through pated images which act as a visual directory of our social norms and beliefs. Grounded theory is applied and convenience and purposive sampling techniques are used to collect data for proper analysis.
{"title":"A study of visual culture on gravestone in the graveyards of Lahore","authors":"A. Ali","doi":"10.32350/JAABE.21.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/JAABE.21.05","url":null,"abstract":"Passing by the roads of Lahore, one may witness reckless urban development near graveyards. These graveyards are self-introductory structures and are segregated from the rest by the abodes of the living. The study is about the inscriptions on gravestones in the graveyards of Lahore. The city of Lahore is a historical city with its history narrated through its architecture. One of the key constructions are the cenotaphs of royals; some of them are surrounded by gardens and others with beautifully manifested buildings addressing the time and glory of the past. This study investigates the visual hierarchy of the inscriptions on graves in these graveyards through market trends and techniques followed by their makers and visitors. Graveyards of Lahore, in particular, have a unique consumer culture based on the expressive nature of the people of this city. The techniques, materials and styles of construction of these graves make them more or less similar in their size, appearance and visual effect. Due to these similarities, they don’t captivate the human mind as all graveyards of Lahore are similar in their aesthetics, structure and design. This study explores the peculiar nature of these graveyards revealed by analyzing the gravestones placed almost on all the graves from various aspects. There are few researches available in which the inscriptions on gravestones have been addressed as social proclamations. These proclamations, data collection and visual surveys suggested a shift from just documentation to analytical study. Visual documentation of gravestones allows them to be considered as archives which hold a permanent record of the deceased, including their name, alias, age, gender, profession, religion, sect, final words, etc. It also covers the cultural standing of the deceased person through pated images which act as a visual directory of our social norms and beliefs. Grounded theory is applied and convenience and purposive sampling techniques are used to collect data for proper analysis.","PeriodicalId":394936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Art Architecture and Built Environment","volume":"44 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120890405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lahore, a city with Aurenhammer, is the second largest city of Pakistan. The antiquities of Lahore span over three historic periods including pre-colonial, colonial and post-independence periods. Colonial period laid the foundations of modern Lahore with Indo- Islamic style of architecture. To connect Anarkali with the new British administrative area known as Mian Mir Cantonment, a public road was built that was later named Mall Road. This research paper is a descriptive evaluation of the literature available on Mall Road, Lahore and is an attempt to disclose the concept of this road and to unveil the developments on this promising public road made by the British; hence, it will provide the reader a glimpse of the Mall Road, Lahore. This paper concludes the Mall Road as the representative of a rich urban character and as a hub of different activities which made it the spine of the city during the colonial era.
拉合尔是巴基斯坦第二大城市，与奥伦哈默尔同属一个城市。拉合尔的文物跨越了三个历史时期，包括前殖民时期、殖民时期和独立后时期。殖民时期以印度-伊斯兰风格的建筑奠定了现代拉合尔的基础。为了连接Anarkali和新的英国行政区域，被称为Mian Mir Cantonment，修建了一条公共道路，后来被命名为Mall road。本研究论文是对拉合尔商业路可用的文献进行描述性评价，并试图揭示这条道路的概念，并揭示英国人在这条有前途的公共道路上的发展;因此，它将为读者提供拉合尔商业路的一瞥。本文的结论是，商业路作为丰富的城市特色的代表，作为不同活动的中心，使其成为殖民时代城市的脊梁。
{"title":"Exploring The Colonial Era Developments of The Mall Road, Lahore","authors":"S. Aslam","doi":"10.32350/JAABE.21.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/JAABE.21.03","url":null,"abstract":"Lahore, a city with Aurenhammer, is the second largest city of Pakistan. The antiquities of Lahore span over three historic periods including pre-colonial, colonial and post-independence periods. Colonial period laid the foundations of modern Lahore with Indo- Islamic style of architecture. To connect Anarkali with the new British administrative area known as Mian Mir Cantonment, a public road was built that was later named Mall Road. This research paper is a descriptive evaluation of the literature available on Mall Road, Lahore and is an attempt to disclose the concept of this road and to unveil the developments on this promising public road made by the British; hence, it will provide the reader a glimpse of the Mall Road, Lahore. This paper concludes the Mall Road as the representative of a rich urban character and as a hub of different activities which made it the spine of the city during the colonial era.","PeriodicalId":394936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Art Architecture and Built Environment","volume":"942 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133614872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Shaikh, M. A. H. Talpur, F. Baig, Manzoor Ahmed Ogahi
Setback is a building regulation enforced to regulate spacing between two buildings in order to have adequate solar exposer and ventilation. It is mandatory on the part of every individual who wants to construct a structure to obtain permission from the local authority before its construction. Despite rules and regulations framed for good reasons, instances of violation of development control rules (especially setback rules) are observed in the residential buildings of Qasimabad, Hyderabad. This results in the obstruction of sunlight, poor ventilation and high consumption of energy. It also results in deteriorating living conditions and narrowing of the adjacent local roads and alleys, creating congestion. So, this paper has tried to highlight the violations of setback rules in residential buildings and their impact on living conditions. For the perception of living conditions, a questionnaire survey with the Likert 5-point scale was used. Field survey technique was also carried out to measure the existing setbacks of residential buildings in Qasimabad. Standardized setbacks were determined by applying the formulas and by comparing them with existing setbacks. The comparison shows that existing setbacks are against building bye-laws. Despite discussing all building laws with various development agencies, this research is limited to discussing the setback rules mentioned in National Reference Manual (NRM). The study reveals that those residents who do not have a side setback area are more concerned with their privacy, smoke, sound and darkness; whereas, ineffective lighting, air circulation and the rise of temperature affect the living conditions and result in high energy consumption by residents. The study is imperative because it brings the focus of the development agencies towards the neglect of setback rules in high rise buildings and provides the evidence of their impact on living conditions by measuring residents’ perceptions.
{"title":"Setback Violation and Residents’ Perception about Living Conditions in Vertical Buildings of Qasimabad, Hyderabad","authors":"S. Shaikh, M. A. H. Talpur, F. Baig, Manzoor Ahmed Ogahi","doi":"10.32350/JAABE.21.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/JAABE.21.01","url":null,"abstract":"Setback is a building regulation enforced to regulate spacing between two buildings in order to have adequate solar exposer and ventilation. It is mandatory on the part of every individual who wants to construct a structure to obtain permission from the local authority before its construction. Despite rules and regulations framed for good reasons, instances of violation of development control rules (especially setback rules) are observed in the residential buildings of Qasimabad, Hyderabad. This results in the obstruction of sunlight, poor ventilation and high consumption of energy. It also results in deteriorating living conditions and narrowing of the adjacent local roads and alleys, creating congestion. So, this paper has tried to highlight the violations of setback rules in residential buildings and their impact on living conditions. For the perception of living conditions, a questionnaire survey with the Likert 5-point scale was used. Field survey technique was also carried out to measure the existing setbacks of residential buildings in Qasimabad. Standardized setbacks were determined by applying the formulas and by comparing them with existing setbacks. The comparison shows that existing setbacks are against building bye-laws. Despite discussing all building laws with various development agencies, this research is limited to discussing the setback rules mentioned in National Reference Manual (NRM). The study reveals that those residents who do not have a side setback area are more concerned with their privacy, smoke, sound and darkness; whereas, ineffective lighting, air circulation and the rise of temperature affect the living conditions and result in high energy consumption by residents. The study is imperative because it brings the focus of the development agencies towards the neglect of setback rules in high rise buildings and provides the evidence of their impact on living conditions by measuring residents’ perceptions.","PeriodicalId":394936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Art Architecture and Built Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122634115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature is the primary source of inspiration for human mind. Our world is full of interesting natural phenomena, organisms and systems that are essential for the existence of life on earth. Learning from nature is not a new concept. However, with the passage of time and the advancement of technology, the world has shifted to high tech strategies that are not sustainable in our natural context any more. Hence, scientists and designers are rethinking about sustainable solutions by taking inspiration from nature and with the help of advance technologies. Mathematics of self-similar shapes has existed for centuries. We have now realized that it is a natural phenomenon and is known as fractals. It is found everywhere, from trees to river networks, clouds to coral reefs, lighting to bird’s wings and vascular system of lungs to leaves. Fractals are never ending and infinitely complex patterns that are self-similar across different scales. Fractals create infinite complexity but in mathematics, it can be formulated thorough relatively simple equations. The idea is to study leaf morphology to understand the fractal pattern in leaf. Further, we want to explore the properties of leaf fractals so that we can use these arrangements in our architectural design.
{"title":"Leaf Morphology: An Interpretation of Fractals in Architectural Design","authors":"Anam Ali, Umar Ejaz, S. Khalid","doi":"10.32350/jaabe.21.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/jaabe.21.02","url":null,"abstract":"Nature is the primary source of inspiration for human mind. Our world is full of interesting natural phenomena, organisms and systems that are essential for the existence of life on earth. Learning from nature is not a new concept. However, with the passage of time and the advancement of technology, the world has shifted to high tech strategies that are not sustainable in our natural context any more. Hence, scientists and designers are rethinking about sustainable solutions by taking inspiration from nature and with the help of advance technologies. Mathematics of self-similar shapes has existed for centuries. We have now realized that it is a natural phenomenon and is known as fractals. It is found everywhere, from trees to river networks, clouds to coral reefs, lighting to bird’s wings and vascular system of lungs to leaves. Fractals are never ending and infinitely complex patterns that are self-similar across different scales. Fractals create infinite complexity but in mathematics, it can be formulated thorough relatively simple equations. The idea is to study leaf morphology to understand the fractal pattern in leaf. Further, we want to explore the properties of leaf fractals so that we can use these arrangements in our architectural design.","PeriodicalId":394936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Art Architecture and Built Environment","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116306866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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