Pub Date : 2005-07-26DOI: 10.1515/9780748680719-016
Términos DE Referencia
Fecha de inicio: Septiembre, 2019 Duración: 6 meses Tipo de contrato: Consultoría nacional Monto de la consultoría: USD 23.000 Supervisores: Punto Focal Nacional, MMAyA Líder Técnico Nacional Proyecto AICCA Línea Presupuestaria: Componente 2, Subcomponente 2.1 Instrumentos de nivel nacional que tengan en cuenta las consideraciones CC / VC para la Gestión de drenaje pluvial en Bolivia. Actividad 6 y 7
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Pub Date : 2005-07-26DOI: 10.1515/9780748680719-004
{"title":"Glossary of Applied Linguistics","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9780748680719-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9780748680719-004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":396829,"journal":{"name":"A Glossary of Applied Linguistics","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127754340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-07-26DOI: 10.1515/9780748680719-005
Gunston Cove, W. Wilson, Noman M. Cole
To assist waste management decision-making, there is a need to assess the economics of commercial-scale reuse of recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) effluent in horticulture. This study compared the feasibility/viability of using two representative horticulture systems, considering their distinct hydrological characteristics, in horticultural reuse schemes for RAS effluent. These representative systems included a soil-based system in field conditions (SOILFIELD) and a hydroponic system in greenhouse conditions (HYDRO-GH). A novel two-step hydroeconomic modelling approach was used to quantify and compare the effluent storage volume, total land area, capital expenditure and crop price required for feasible/viable end-of-pipe reuse in the two systems. The modelling assessed several water management scenarios across four Australian climates. Results showed HYDRO-GH, reusing 100% of the annual effluent load and targeting an internal rate of return of 11.0%, required approximately 3 times more land, 14 times more capital expenditure and 5 times the crop price of SOIL-FIELD, targeting a 3.6% internal rate of return. As well as comparing two horticulture systems, this study presents a method to assess feasibility/viability of horticultural reuse schemes for other industrial wastewaters, using a water balance design approach.
{"title":"A","authors":"Gunston Cove, W. Wilson, Noman M. Cole","doi":"10.1515/9780748680719-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9780748680719-005","url":null,"abstract":"To assist waste management decision-making, there is a need to assess the economics of commercial-scale reuse of recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) effluent in horticulture. This study compared the feasibility/viability of using two representative horticulture systems, considering their distinct hydrological characteristics, in horticultural reuse schemes for RAS effluent. These representative systems included a soil-based system in field conditions (SOILFIELD) and a hydroponic system in greenhouse conditions (HYDRO-GH). A novel two-step hydroeconomic modelling approach was used to quantify and compare the effluent storage volume, total land area, capital expenditure and crop price required for feasible/viable end-of-pipe reuse in the two systems. The modelling assessed several water management scenarios across four Australian climates. Results showed HYDRO-GH, reusing 100% of the annual effluent load and targeting an internal rate of return of 11.0%, required approximately 3 times more land, 14 times more capital expenditure and 5 times the crop price of SOIL-FIELD, targeting a 3.6% internal rate of return. As well as comparing two horticulture systems, this study presents a method to assess feasibility/viability of horticultural reuse schemes for other industrial wastewaters, using a water balance design approach.","PeriodicalId":396829,"journal":{"name":"A Glossary of Applied Linguistics","volume":"25 9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124311136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-07-26DOI: 10.1515/9780748680719-007
N. Pogorelov, J. Heerikhuisen, Jeremy J. Mitchell, Iver H. Cairns, G. Zank
The Voyager 2 plasma observations of the proton distribution function downstream of the quasi-perpendicular heliospheric termination shock (TS) showed that upstream thermal solar wind ions played little role in the shock dissipation mechanism, being essentially transmitted directly through the shock. Instead, the hot supra-thermal pickup ion (PUI) component is most likely responsible for the dissipation at the TS. Consequently, the downstream proton distribution function will be a complicated superposition of relatively cool thermal solar wind protons and hot PUIs that have experienced either direct transmission or reflection at the TS cross-shock potential. We develop a simple model for the TS microstructure that allows us to construct approximate proton distribution functions for the inner heliosheath. The distribution function models are compared to κ-distributions, showing the correspondence between the two. Since the interpretation of energetic neutral atom (ENA) fluxes measured at 1 AU by IBEX will depend sensitively on the form of the underlying proton distribution function, we use a three-dimensional MHD-kinetic global model to model ENA spectra at 1 AU and ENA skymaps across the IBEX energy range. We consider both solar minimum and solar maximum-like global models, showing how ENA skymap structure can be related to global heliospheric structure. We suggest that the ENA spectra may allow us to probe the directly the microphysics of the TS, while the ENA skymaps reveal heliospheric structure and, at certain energies, are distinctly different during solar minimum and maximum.
{"title":"C","authors":"N. Pogorelov, J. Heerikhuisen, Jeremy J. Mitchell, Iver H. Cairns, G. Zank","doi":"10.1515/9780748680719-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9780748680719-007","url":null,"abstract":"The Voyager 2 plasma observations of the proton distribution function downstream of the quasi-perpendicular heliospheric termination shock (TS) showed that upstream thermal solar wind ions played little role in the shock dissipation mechanism, being essentially transmitted directly through the shock. Instead, the hot supra-thermal pickup ion (PUI) component is most likely responsible for the dissipation at the TS. Consequently, the downstream proton distribution function will be a complicated superposition of relatively cool thermal solar wind protons and hot PUIs that have experienced either direct transmission or reflection at the TS cross-shock potential. We develop a simple model for the TS microstructure that allows us to construct approximate proton distribution functions for the inner heliosheath. The distribution function models are compared to κ-distributions, showing the correspondence between the two. Since the interpretation of energetic neutral atom (ENA) fluxes measured at 1 AU by IBEX will depend sensitively on the form of the underlying proton distribution function, we use a three-dimensional MHD-kinetic global model to model ENA spectra at 1 AU and ENA skymaps across the IBEX energy range. We consider both solar minimum and solar maximum-like global models, showing how ENA skymap structure can be related to global heliospheric structure. We suggest that the ENA spectra may allow us to probe the directly the microphysics of the TS, while the ENA skymaps reveal heliospheric structure and, at certain energies, are distinctly different during solar minimum and maximum.","PeriodicalId":396829,"journal":{"name":"A Glossary of Applied Linguistics","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129914961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-07-26DOI: 10.1515/9780748680719-020
A. Kalinowska, Sandra Skorupska, I. Grabowska-Jadach, P. Ciosek-Skibińska
In many fields, the goal is to obtain structures with small dimensions in the order of micro/nanometers. Small-sized systems can have countless applications in various industries such as cosmetology, medicine, and nutrition technology. Many techniques are used to obtain the most miniature possible spheres, such as interference with the composition, use of surfactants, or mechanical interference: rapid mixing, increased pressure, ultrasound. The use of ultrasound in the development of colloidal systems can be an effective method of reducing size of particles of dispersed phase and influencing the functions they represent. An important aspect here is the time during which the ultrasound is used. In this work, the influence of ultrasound on the chemosensory properties and size of produced ion-sensitive microspheres was investigated and compared. The chemosensory response of the developed microspheres was studied using spectrophotometry and spectrofluorimetry, while the size of the microsphere optodes was estimated by confocal microscopy.
{"title":"P","authors":"A. Kalinowska, Sandra Skorupska, I. Grabowska-Jadach, P. Ciosek-Skibińska","doi":"10.1515/9780748680719-020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9780748680719-020","url":null,"abstract":"In many fields, the goal is to obtain structures with small dimensions in the order of micro/nanometers. Small-sized systems can have countless applications in various industries such as cosmetology, medicine, and nutrition technology. Many techniques are used to obtain the most miniature possible spheres, such as interference with the composition, use of surfactants, or mechanical interference: rapid mixing, increased pressure, ultrasound. The use of ultrasound in the development of colloidal systems can be an effective method of reducing size of particles of dispersed phase and influencing the functions they represent. An important aspect here is the time during which the ultrasound is used. In this work, the influence of ultrasound on the chemosensory properties and size of produced ion-sensitive microspheres was investigated and compared. The chemosensory response of the developed microspheres was studied using spectrophotometry and spectrofluorimetry, while the size of the microsphere optodes was estimated by confocal microscopy.","PeriodicalId":396829,"journal":{"name":"A Glossary of Applied Linguistics","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129218380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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