Kant's Lectures on Metaphysics最新文献

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A Guide to Ground in Kant’sLectures on Metaphysics 《康德形而上学讲稿的基础导论》

Kant's Lectures on Metaphysics

Pub Date : 2019-01-03 DOI: 10.1017/9781316819142.005

Nicholas F. Stang

The Principle of Sufficient Reason (PSR) says that everything has a reason that fully explains it. Leibniz expresses the PSR in Latin and French, respectively, as the principle that everything has a ratio or raison. When German philosophers of the eighteenth century, heavily influenced by the Leibnizian writings available to them, formulated similar ideas in their native tongue, they translated ratio as Grund and expressed the PSR accordingly as: Everything has a ground that fully explains it. This Principle of Sufficient Ground (Satz des zureichenden Grundes) or PSG is, so to speak, the Leibnizian PSR translated into German. The PSG – how to correctly formulate it, whether it holds without restriction – became one of the major topics of debate within the Leibnizian tradition of late eighteenth-century German philosophy, commonly known as German rationalism. It comes as no surprise then that Kant, steeped as he was in German rationalism and its debates, would extensively discuss the PSG and the notion of ground (Grund) in the metaphysics lectures he gave virtually every semester at the University of Königsberg from 1755 until his retirement from teaching in 1796. Nearly every extant transcript of those lectures contains extended discussions of the correct definition of “ground,” critical comments on the views of his near contemporaries (especially those of Wolff, Baumgarten and Crusius) about what grounds are, distinctions among different kinds of ground and considerations about the correct formulation and range of application of the PSG. While scholars have extensively discussed Kant’s treatment of the PSG in the Antinomies chapter of the Critique of Pure Reason, and, more

充分理由原则(PSR)认为，任何事物都有一个充分解释它的理由。莱布尼茨分别用拉丁语和法语将PSR表达为万物都有比例或理由的原则。18世纪的德国哲学家深受莱布尼茨著作的影响，用母语表达了类似的观点，他们将比率翻译为Grund，并相应地将PSR表达为:一切事物都有一个充分解释它的基础。这个充足理由原则(Satz des zureichenden Grundes)或PSG，可以说，是莱布尼茨的PSR翻译成德语。PSG——如何正确地表述它，它是否不受限制——成为18世纪晚期德国哲学莱布尼兹传统(通常被称为德国理性主义)争论的主要话题之一。因此毫不奇怪，康德沉浸在德国理性主义及其争论中，从1755年到1796年退休，他几乎每个学期都会在Königsberg大学的形而上学讲座中广泛讨论PSG和基础(Grund)的概念。几乎每一份现存的讲稿都包含了对“根据”的正确定义的扩展讨论，对他的同时代人(尤其是沃尔夫、鲍姆加滕和克鲁修斯)关于什么是根据的观点的批判性评论，不同种类的根据之间的区别，以及对PSG的正确表述和应用范围的考虑。虽然学者们在《纯粹理性批判》的二律背反章节中广泛讨论了康德对PSG的处理，等等

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引用次数: 24

Kant’s Cosmology, Miracles and the Autonomy of Reason 康德的宇宙论、奇迹与理性的自主性

Kant's Lectures on Metaphysics

Pub Date : 2019-01-03 DOI: 10.1017/9781316819142.007

C. Fugate

引用次数: 1

Kant’s Aesthetics in hisLectures on Metaphysics 论《形而上学》讲座中的康德美学

Kant's Lectures on Metaphysics

Pub Date : 2019-01-03 DOI: 10.1017/9781316819142.008

P. Guyer

引用次数: 1

Herder as Interpreter of Kant’s Philosophy 作为康德哲学阐释者的赫尔德

Kant's Lectures on Metaphysics

Pub Date : 2019-01-03 DOI: 10.1017/9781316819142.002

John H. Zammito

引用次数: 1

Space and Time in Kant’sLectures on Metaphysics 论康德《形而上学》讲座中的空间与时间

Kant's Lectures on Metaphysics

Pub Date : 2019-01-03 DOI: 10.1017/9781316819142.006

E. Carson

引用次数: 1

From Anthropology to Rational Psychology in Kant’sLectures on Metaphysics 从人类学到理性心理学——康德的《形而上学》讲座

Kant's Lectures on Metaphysics

Pub Date : 2019-01-03 DOI: 10.1017/9781316819142.010

Jennifer Mensch

引用次数: 3

Kant’s Metaphysics of Freedom (1775–1782): Theoretical and Practical Perspectives 康德的自由形而上学(1775-1782):理论与实践的视角

Kant's Lectures on Metaphysics

Pub Date : 2019-01-03 DOI: 10.1017/9781316819142.009

Heiner F. Klemme

引用次数: 1

The Prolegomena to Kant’sLectures on Metaphysics 《康德形而上学导论》

Kant's Lectures on Metaphysics

Pub Date : 2019-01-03 DOI: 10.1017/9781316819142.003

K. Boer

引用次数: 13

Baumgarten and Kant on Rational Theology: Deism, Theism and the Role of Analogy 鲍姆加滕与康德论理性神学:自然神论、有神论与类比的作用

Kant's Lectures on Metaphysics

Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/9781316819142.011

B. Chance, Lawrence Pasternack

引用次数: 3

Ontology as Transcendental Philosophy 作为先验哲学的本体论

Kant's Lectures on Metaphysics

Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/9781316819142.004

Huaping Lu-Adler

How does the Critical Kant view ontology? There is no shared scholarly answer to this question. Norbert Hinske sees in the Critique of Pure Reason a “farewell to ontology,” albeit one that Kant took a long time to bid (Hinske 2009). Karl Ameriks has found evidence in Kant’s metaphysics lectures from the Critical period that he “was unwilling to break away fully from traditional ontology” (Ameriks 1992, p. 272). Gualtiero Lorini argues that a decisive break with the tradition of ontology is essential to Kant’s Critical reform of metaphysics, as is reflected in his shift from “ontology” to “transcendental philosophy,” two notions that Lorini takes to be related by mere “analogy” (Lorini 2015). I agree with Lorini that a thorough reform of ontology is a pivotal part of Kant’s Critical plan for metaphysics and that ontology somehow “survives within the critical philosophy” (Lorini 2015, p. 76). To make this case, however, I deem it important to identify “ontology” with “transcendental philosophy” in the sense of extensional equivalence. While we can detect this identification in Kant’s writings, only from his metaphysics lectures can we get a full sense of its historical and philosophical significance. In this chapter I focus on how Kant’s Critical metaphysics represents a definitive turn from, as well as notable continuity with, traditional treatments of ontology, particularly the Wolffian one.

批判的康德如何看待本体论?对于这个问题，学术界没有一个共同的答案。诺伯特·欣斯克在《纯粹理性批判》中看到了“对本体论的告别”，尽管康德花了很长时间才完成(欣斯克2009)。卡尔·阿梅里克斯在康德批判时期的形而上学讲座中发现了他“不愿意完全脱离传统本体论”的证据(阿梅里克斯1992，第272页)。瓜尔蒂耶罗·洛里尼认为，与存在论传统的决裂对于康德对形而上学的批判改革至关重要，这反映在他从“存在论”到“先验哲学”的转变上，洛里尼认为这两个概念仅仅是通过“类比”联系在一起的(洛里尼2015)。我同意洛里尼的观点，即彻底改革存在论是康德形而上学批判计划的关键部分，存在论以某种方式“在批判哲学中生存”(洛里尼2015年，第76页)。然而，为了证明这一点，我认为在外延对等的意义上，将“本体论”与“先验哲学”等同起来是很重要的。虽然我们可以在康德的著作中发现这种认同，但只有从他的形而上学讲座中，我们才能充分认识到它的历史和哲学意义。在这一章中，我将集中讨论康德的批判形而上学如何代表了一种决定性的转变，以及与传统的本体论治疗，特别是沃尔夫的治疗的显著连续性。

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Kant's <I>Lectures on Metaphysics</I>最新文献