In this note (published on the NCLOS blog) the author analyses the draft provisions for dispute settlement in the draft BBNJ Treaty. The draft text is compared to dispute settlement provisions in the UN Fish Stocks Agreement and recommendations are made to expand the provisions in the BBNJ text. The note also considers two suggestions made during IGC3: to make ITLOS the default forum for dispute settlement and the option of an advisory opinion.
{"title":"Dispute Settlement in the New Treaty on Marine Biodiversity in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction","authors":"Joanna Mossop","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3508734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3508734","url":null,"abstract":"In this note (published on the NCLOS blog) the author analyses the draft provisions for dispute settlement in the draft BBNJ Treaty. The draft text is compared to dispute settlement provisions in the UN Fish Stocks Agreement and recommendations are made to expand the provisions in the BBNJ text. The note also considers two suggestions made during IGC3: to make ITLOS the default forum for dispute settlement and the option of an advisory opinion.","PeriodicalId":398500,"journal":{"name":"EcoRN: Political Ecology (Topic)","volume":"334 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124127817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we attempt to analyse and compare the magnitudes of destruction caused by natural disasters versus socio-economic-political disasters around the world. To do so, we deploy a multi-disciplinary approach that encompasses history, politics, sociology, andeconomics (Ruiz Estrada, 2011 and 2017). In the methodological discussion, we propose usingquantitative and qualitative methods simultaneously to systematically evaluate different type of disasters. In this context, we propose a new analytical tool: “The General Disasters Final Impact Simulator” (GDFI-Simulator). Finally, we apply the GDFI-Simulator to Africa, America, Asia, Europe and Oceania in the 19th and 20th centuries.
{"title":"A New Assessment to Measure the Risk Levels Between Natural Disasters and Socio-Economic-Political Disasters","authors":"Mario Arturo Ruiz Estrada, Donghyun Park, P. Moug","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3400582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3400582","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we attempt to analyse and compare the magnitudes of destruction caused by natural disasters versus socio-economic-political disasters around the world. To do so, we deploy a multi-disciplinary approach that encompasses history, politics, sociology, andeconomics (Ruiz Estrada, 2011 and 2017). In the methodological discussion, we propose usingquantitative and qualitative methods simultaneously to systematically evaluate different type of disasters. In this context, we propose a new analytical tool: “The General Disasters Final Impact Simulator” (GDFI-Simulator). Finally, we apply the GDFI-Simulator to Africa, America, Asia, Europe and Oceania in the 19th and 20th centuries. \u0000","PeriodicalId":398500,"journal":{"name":"EcoRN: Political Ecology (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130874237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-30DOI: 10.47992/ijcsbe.2581.6942.0035
Sujaya Mendon, Meghana Salins, P. Aithal
Running a green business in India and other developing economies is indeed a challenging job for the producers involved in this business. In a green business environment, the company may re-design the product attributes since the usage of the harmful chemical may be prevented and scarce resources may not be exploited. The main objective of this case study is to assess the factors that are associated with running a green business in India and other developing economies. This case study also highlights the issues related to the green business. This case study is developed by using secondary data to assess the factors that influence green business. The secondary data was obtained from another exhaustive literature review of journals and internet sources. The developing economies strive hard to achieve green business since it has been a necessity for these countries to depend on natural resources. The important aspect here is developing countries depend on both the economic and social factors which have a major impact on environmental factors. Moreover, developing countries are mainly dependent on natural resources for their potential and growth so as to give stiff competition for the developed economies in a global market. In addition, many developing economies face challenges basically related to power, water, ecological problems, social and economic problems and also problems related to weather and climate change. The challenges associated with green business also depends on cost analysis, where it is quite expensive for a poor and developing economy to reach the initial cost too since the usage of basic technology is lacking. Moreover, the treatment for wastewater, water resource management, treatment for disposal of effluents and toxic waste are not successfully utilized. The developed economies need to import modern technology and technical knowledge from other countries because of the lack of their own technology and technical skills. Now a day’s many countries have the knowledge of green growth which thereby helps to improve the economic standards of the countries. The government has to take certain measures such as the provision of subsidies which may support the challenges of green growth and development. The short-term subsidies may not benefit more since it may hamper the production and demand by raising the price and cost. But as for the long term is considered these reforms may provide more effectiveness in productivity and thereby lead to changes in technologies.
{"title":"Challenges Associated with Running A Green Business in India and Other Developing Countries","authors":"Sujaya Mendon, Meghana Salins, P. Aithal","doi":"10.47992/ijcsbe.2581.6942.0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47992/ijcsbe.2581.6942.0035","url":null,"abstract":"Running a green business in India and other developing economies is indeed a challenging job for the producers involved in this business. In a green business environment, the company may re-design the product attributes since the usage of the harmful chemical may be prevented and scarce resources may not be exploited. The main objective of this case study is to assess the factors that are associated with running a green business in India and other developing economies. This case study also highlights the issues related to the green business. This case study is developed by using secondary data to assess the factors that influence green business. The secondary data was obtained from another exhaustive literature review of journals and internet sources. The developing economies strive hard to achieve green business since it has been a necessity for these countries to depend on natural resources. The important aspect here is developing countries depend on both the economic and social factors which have a major impact on environmental factors. Moreover, developing countries are mainly dependent on natural resources for their potential and growth so as to give stiff competition for the developed economies in a global market. In\u0000addition, many developing economies face challenges basically related to power, water, ecological problems, social and economic problems and also problems related to weather and climate change. The challenges associated with green business also depends on cost analysis, where it is quite expensive for a poor and developing economy to reach the initial cost too since the usage of basic technology is lacking. Moreover, the treatment for wastewater, water resource management, treatment for disposal of effluents and toxic waste are not successfully utilized. The developed economies need to import modern technology and technical knowledge from other countries because of the lack of their own technology and technical skills. Now a day’s many countries have the knowledge of green growth which thereby helps to improve the economic standards of the countries. The government has to take certain measures such as the provision of subsidies which may support the challenges of green growth and development. The short-term subsidies may not benefit more since it may\u0000hamper the production and demand by raising the price and cost. But as for the long term is considered these reforms may provide more effectiveness in productivity and thereby lead to changes in technologies.","PeriodicalId":398500,"journal":{"name":"EcoRN: Political Ecology (Topic)","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114279513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arghand Bahareh, Poorhashemi Seyed Abbas, R. Roshandel, A. Zare
The relationship between economic development, energy consumption and the environmental issues is complex. However, energy law is based on reciprocal benefits for governments while environmental law is based on common interests and erga omnes. Studies have shown that despite the implementation of several energy and environmental conventions at international levels, the situation of global environmental conditions is critical. Different concepts and conflicting interests between the energy supply system and environmental protection have led to poor implementation of some conventions. The present study examined some existing rules and regulations on energy and the environment and identified the strengths and weaknesses of the descriptive-analytic method. The purpose of investigating these conventions is to decrease the weaknesses and increase the strengths. The strengths can then be used for environmental concerns and international obligations of states under the rules of erga omnes to protect the environment and sovereignty of states for jurisdictional and energy management within national boundaries. The investigations revealed the characteristics of an international convention to decrease conflicts of interest between the energy supply system and environmental protection. In addition, two facilitator mechanisms are proposed for effective implementation of the international convention on energy and the environment .
{"title":"International Convention to Decrease Conflict Between Energy Supply and Environmental Protection","authors":"Arghand Bahareh, Poorhashemi Seyed Abbas, R. Roshandel, A. Zare","doi":"10.15421/2018_256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/2018_256","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between economic development, energy consumption and the environmental issues is complex. However, energy law is based on reciprocal benefits for governments while environmental law is based on common interests and erga omnes. Studies have shown that despite the implementation of several energy and environmental conventions at international levels, the situation of global environmental conditions is critical. Different concepts and conflicting interests between the energy supply system and environmental protection have led to poor implementation of some conventions. The present study examined some existing rules and regulations on energy and the environment and identified the strengths and weaknesses of the descriptive-analytic method. The purpose of investigating these conventions is to decrease the weaknesses and increase the strengths. The strengths can then be used for environmental concerns and international obligations of states under the rules of erga omnes to protect the environment and sovereignty of states for jurisdictional and energy management within national boundaries. The investigations revealed the characteristics of an international convention to decrease conflicts of interest between the energy supply system and environmental protection. In addition, two facilitator mechanisms are proposed for effective implementation of the international convention on energy and the environment .","PeriodicalId":398500,"journal":{"name":"EcoRN: Political Ecology (Topic)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122391841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Indeks kepekaan lingkungan (IKL) ditentukan berdasarkan hasil perkalian indeks kerentanan (IK), indeks ekologis (IE) dan indeks sosial-ekonomi (IS). Masing-masing komponen indeks terdiri atas beberapa komponen nilai kerentanan (jumlah rumah dan jarak pemukiman – pipa), komponen nilai ekologis (prosentase pengguna sumur dan jarak pemukiman ke saluran air kali/sungai, serta komponen nilai sosial (jumlah penduduk, balita, pendidikan, kondisi aksesibilitas dan bangunan keramat/dikeramatkan) dan ekonomi (nilai rente lahan dan pendapatan per kapita per tahun).Environmental sensitivity index (ESI) is defined by multiplying vulnerability index (VI), ecological index (EI) and socio-economic index (SI). Each component consists of a few vulnerability values (number of houses and the distance of settlement to pipeline), ecological value (percentage user of freshwater well and the distance of settlement to river flow), and social value (number of population, toddlers, education, accessibility condition and sacred building) and economic value (land rent value and income per capita per year).
{"title":"Metode Penentuan Indeks Kepekaan Lingkungan Untuk Area Pemukiman Di Wilayah Teresterial (Methodology on Defining Environmental Sensitivity Index for Settlement Area in Terrestrial Zone)","authors":"Y. Wahyudin","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2320069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2320069","url":null,"abstract":"Indeks kepekaan lingkungan (IKL) ditentukan berdasarkan hasil perkalian indeks kerentanan (IK), indeks ekologis (IE) dan indeks sosial-ekonomi (IS). Masing-masing komponen indeks terdiri atas beberapa komponen nilai kerentanan (jumlah rumah dan jarak pemukiman – pipa), komponen nilai ekologis (prosentase pengguna sumur dan jarak pemukiman ke saluran air kali/sungai, serta komponen nilai sosial (jumlah penduduk, balita, pendidikan, kondisi aksesibilitas dan bangunan keramat/dikeramatkan) dan ekonomi (nilai rente lahan dan pendapatan per kapita per tahun).Environmental sensitivity index (ESI) is defined by multiplying vulnerability index (VI), ecological index (EI) and socio-economic index (SI). Each component consists of a few vulnerability values (number of houses and the distance of settlement to pipeline), ecological value (percentage user of freshwater well and the distance of settlement to river flow), and social value (number of population, toddlers, education, accessibility condition and sacred building) and economic value (land rent value and income per capita per year).","PeriodicalId":398500,"journal":{"name":"EcoRN: Political Ecology (Topic)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125200355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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