This article discusses the transformation of climate change science from scientific knowledge to Finnish upper secondary school geography curricula and textbooks from 1985 to 2023. Scientific knowledge transforms into teachable knowledge through the transformation process at the societal, institutional, and classroom levels. In our analysis, we apply the idea of powerful knowledge and use three levels of geographical powerful knowledge, including geographical knowledge, critical and conceptual knowledge, and propensity to imagine alternative futures. The research material consists of five framework curricula from 1985 to 2019 and a total of thirteen upper secondary school geography textbooks that are based on the curricula. Our findings suggest that climate science knowledge has transformed slowly into societal curricula. However, in textbooks, scientific knowledge has transformed more rapidly. According to our results, the transformation may not necessarily occur linearly, first at the societal level and finally in classrooms.
{"title":"Mikä aiheuttaa ilmastonmuutoksen?","authors":"Paavo Ikonen, Sirpa Tani","doi":"10.30677/terra.142520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30677/terra.142520","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the transformation of climate change science from scientific knowledge to Finnish upper secondary school geography curricula and textbooks from 1985 to 2023. Scientific knowledge transforms into teachable knowledge through the transformation process at the societal, institutional, and classroom levels. In our analysis, we apply the idea of powerful knowledge and use three levels of geographical powerful knowledge, including geographical knowledge, critical and conceptual knowledge, and propensity to imagine alternative futures. The research material consists of five framework curricula from 1985 to 2019 and a total of thirteen upper secondary school geography textbooks that are based on the curricula. Our findings suggest that climate science knowledge has transformed slowly into societal curricula. However, in textbooks, scientific knowledge has transformed more rapidly. According to our results, the transformation may not necessarily occur linearly, first at the societal level and finally in classrooms.","PeriodicalId":39874,"journal":{"name":"Terra","volume":" 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141831316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Turunen, Sirpa Rasmus, Marjatta Montonen, Erno Salonen, Ilari Lehtonen
The operational environment of commercial fishing in the North is changing due to climate change and other environmental and socio-economic drivers. In this study, we combine the practitioner knowledge of commercial fishers operating on the subarctic Lake Inari in northern Finland with long-term meteorological and hydrological observations from the region. Our interviews show that fishers have adopted various short-term strategies to cope with difficult weather conditions, among them flexibility in timing and location of fishing, as well as in catch species and gear. The livelihood is diversified both within and outside fishing to enhance the profitability. Responses of fishers to future uncertainties were varied and based on individual rather than community behavior. Four distinct longer-term adaptation strategies utilized by fishers differ in terms of the catch species, investments, and risk levels. Finally, we discuss the sustainability of the identified adaptation strategies, and the governance aspects of the livelihood.
{"title":"Kaupallinen kalastus Inarijärvellä – kestävää sopeutumista muuttuvaan toimintaympäristöön?","authors":"M. Turunen, Sirpa Rasmus, Marjatta Montonen, Erno Salonen, Ilari Lehtonen","doi":"10.30677/terra.141159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30677/terra.141159","url":null,"abstract":"The operational environment of commercial fishing in the North is changing due to climate change and other environmental and socio-economic drivers. In this study, we combine the practitioner knowledge of commercial fishers operating on the subarctic Lake Inari in northern Finland with long-term meteorological and hydrological observations from the region. Our interviews show that fishers have adopted various short-term strategies to cope with difficult weather conditions, among them flexibility in timing and location of fishing, as well as in catch species and gear. The livelihood is diversified both within and outside fishing to enhance the profitability. Responses of fishers to future uncertainties were varied and based on individual rather than community behavior. Four distinct longer-term adaptation strategies utilized by fishers differ in terms of the catch species, investments, and risk levels. Finally, we discuss the sustainability of the identified adaptation strategies, and the governance aspects of the livelihood.","PeriodicalId":39874,"journal":{"name":"Terra","volume":"106 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140678953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Second-home owners contribute significantly to the economic development of municipalities with lots of second homes. In rural and island policy, there have been expectations about their participation to the local life as developers. Lately, the COVID-19 pandemic raised the discussion about dual municipal residency. In this study, the governance of multi-local residents is examined, asking how multi-local residents are comprehended as subjects of governance in the researched municipalities, and how municipalities try to make use of their resources? The interviews of municipal officials in 23 municipalities have been analyzed by using the Grounded Theory approach with theoretical views derived from the analysis of governance. Municipalities consider second-home owners primarily as consumers that contribute to the local economic development. Secondly, some individual second-home owners are perceived as developers. They are typically lobbyists and entrepreneurs that have professional knowledge and belong to national networks. These interpretations of the roles direct the governance practices, such as development of service supply and attracting developers to participate in interactive forums.
{"title":"Monipaikkaisten asukkaiden hallinta vapaa-ajanasukasvaltaisissa kunnissa","authors":"Manu Rantanen","doi":"10.30677/terra.127315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30677/terra.127315","url":null,"abstract":"Second-home owners contribute significantly to the economic development of municipalities with lots of second homes. In rural and island policy, there have been expectations about their participation to the local life as developers. Lately, the COVID-19 pandemic raised the discussion about dual municipal residency. In this study, the governance of multi-local residents is examined, asking how multi-local residents are comprehended as subjects of governance in the researched municipalities, and how municipalities try to make use of their resources? The interviews of municipal officials in 23 municipalities have been analyzed by using the Grounded Theory approach with theoretical views derived from the analysis of governance. Municipalities consider second-home owners primarily as consumers that contribute to the local economic development. Secondly, some individual second-home owners are perceived as developers. They are typically lobbyists and entrepreneurs that have professional knowledge and belong to national networks. These interpretations of the roles direct the governance practices, such as development of service supply and attracting developers to participate in interactive forums.","PeriodicalId":39874,"journal":{"name":"Terra","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136078697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article examines the long-term care of older individuals with dementia from a spatial perspective. The research combines the theoretical approaches of geographical gerontology with carceral geography. The study was carried out in the Netherlands at Reigershoeve care facility, which emphasizes freedom and the sense of being at home. Geographical gerontology recognizes the interaction between older people and space and the factors that influence how the space is experienced. The carceral can be seen as a detrimental factor produced in certain spaces. Using Reigershoeve as an example, I contemplate the spatial solutions that could reduce the carceralities in the care of older individuals. Research shows that care facilities for people with dementia cannot function without control, but aspects of the carceral can be dismantled. The transition from home to long-term care is part of the geographical processes of human life. The significance of spatial practices must be considered in this transition.
{"title":"Tilalliset käytännöt muistisairaiden henkilöiden ympärivuorokautisessa hoivassa","authors":"Virve Repo","doi":"10.30677/terra.127733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30677/terra.127733","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the long-term care of older individuals with dementia from a spatial perspective. The research combines the theoretical approaches of geographical gerontology with carceral geography. The study was carried out in the Netherlands at Reigershoeve care facility, which emphasizes freedom and the sense of being at home. Geographical gerontology recognizes the interaction between older people and space and the factors that influence how the space is experienced. The carceral can be seen as a detrimental factor produced in certain spaces. Using Reigershoeve as an example, I contemplate the spatial solutions that could reduce the carceralities in the care of older individuals. Research shows that care facilities for people with dementia cannot function without control, but aspects of the carceral can be dismantled. The transition from home to long-term care is part of the geographical processes of human life. The significance of spatial practices must be considered in this transition.","PeriodicalId":39874,"journal":{"name":"Terra","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136079269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saara Koikkalainen, Ritva Linnakangas, Asko Suikkanen
Around 9,800 Finns move abroad each year. Since the mid-1990s, temporary migration to Europe has become more common, but we know little of how this impacts the salary levels and careers of these temporary migrants when they return to Finland. This article uses cohort data, which includes a 10 percent random sample of Finnish citizens born in 1963, 1968, 1973, and 1978. We focus on migrants who return in 2005. The migrants have good labour market situations prior to leaving. Two years after return, the median income of the men is 2 times and the women 2.2 times higher when compared to earnings prior to migrating. Factors predicting lower incomes upon return to Finland include female gender, low income before migrating, leaving in any other labor market status than employed, and leaving already in the 1990s. A stay abroad does not signify a loss of labour market status, but is in fact economically beneficial: returnees earn more than Finns on average and the difference remains for 10 years. Such migrants are not pushed abroad by unemployment but are rather pulled by the opportunities available.
{"title":"Takaisin Suomeen: mitä kohorttiaineisto voi kertoa paluumuuttajien työmarkkina-asemista?","authors":"Saara Koikkalainen, Ritva Linnakangas, Asko Suikkanen","doi":"10.30677/terra.121603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30677/terra.121603","url":null,"abstract":"Around 9,800 Finns move abroad each year. Since the mid-1990s, temporary migration to Europe has become more common, but we know little of how this impacts the salary levels and careers of these temporary migrants when they return to Finland. This article uses cohort data, which includes a 10 percent random sample of Finnish citizens born in 1963, 1968, 1973, and 1978. We focus on migrants who return in 2005. The migrants have good labour market situations prior to leaving. Two years after return, the median income of the men is 2 times and the women 2.2 times higher when compared to earnings prior to migrating. Factors predicting lower incomes upon return to Finland include female gender, low income before migrating, leaving in any other labor market status than employed, and leaving already in the 1990s. A stay abroad does not signify a loss of labour market status, but is in fact economically beneficial: returnees earn more than Finns on average and the difference remains for 10 years. Such migrants are not pushed abroad by unemployment but are rather pulled by the opportunities available.","PeriodicalId":39874,"journal":{"name":"Terra","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136354488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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