Pub Date : 2020-09-30DOI: 10.35609/jber.2020.5.2(3)
Thitiwan Sricharoen
The purpose of research deals with leading questions regarding migration, concentrating on migration remittances, and management relating to remittance. The survey was conducted in 2018. Five hundred and eleven migrant workers from these source countries-Cambodia, Myanmar and Lao, were interviewed. This research applies probit regression analysis. The results show that repeated migrants who are not first-time migrant, are a highly specific group with 54.74%. First-time migrants are most likely to send remittances home while working in Thailand, accounting for 2,826 Baht per month. However, this number decrease with the second-time migrants send remittances about 2,331 Baht per month. Saving behavior is similar between first-time migrants and second-time migrants, who save a portion of their earnings. However, this number increases to 50% in the cases of third and subsequent migrants. The estimation of sending remittances of all migrant's nationalities. The variables that have the influence on remittances in the positive direction are these variables: being Cambodia migrants, burden of family, social assistance, being Myanmar migrant and household size, respectively. On the other hand, the variables that effect on remittances in the opposite direction are attain below primary school, education (in year), real estate owned, and number of migrating household members in Thailand, respectively. The results show that those who finished below primary school are more likely to send remittances, compared with those who finished above primary school. Main policy recommendations are: bank should decrease money transferring cost; employers should pay salary through banking accounts; migrants should remit money through formal channels. Keywords: Migration, Remittance, International Migration, Myanmar Migrant, Cambodian Migrant, Lao Migrant.
{"title":"Migration and Remittances: Evidence from Cambodia, Myanmar and Lao Migrant Workers","authors":"Thitiwan Sricharoen","doi":"10.35609/jber.2020.5.2(3)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35609/jber.2020.5.2(3)","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of research deals with leading questions regarding migration, concentrating on migration remittances, and management relating to remittance. The survey was conducted in 2018. Five hundred and eleven migrant workers from these source countries-Cambodia, Myanmar and Lao, were interviewed. This research applies probit regression analysis. The results show that repeated migrants who are not first-time migrant, are a highly specific group with 54.74%. First-time migrants are most likely to send remittances home while working in Thailand, accounting for 2,826 Baht per month. However, this number decrease with the second-time migrants send remittances about 2,331 Baht per month. Saving behavior is similar between first-time migrants and second-time migrants, who save a portion of their earnings. However, this number increases to 50% in the cases of third and subsequent migrants. The estimation of sending remittances of all migrant's nationalities. The variables that have the influence on remittances in the positive direction are these variables: being Cambodia migrants, burden of family, social assistance, being Myanmar migrant and household size, respectively. On the other hand, the variables that effect on remittances in the opposite direction are attain below primary school, education (in year), real estate owned, and number of migrating household members in Thailand, respectively. The results show that those who finished below primary school are more likely to send remittances, compared with those who finished above primary school. Main policy recommendations are: bank should decrease money transferring cost; employers should pay salary through banking accounts; migrants should remit money through formal channels.\u0000\u0000\u0000Keywords: Migration, Remittance, International Migration, Myanmar Migrant, Cambodian Migrant, Lao Migrant.","PeriodicalId":401608,"journal":{"name":"GeographyRN: Migration Studies (Sub-Topic)","volume":"240 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121001430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-09DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.09.20059592
Antonio Scala, Andrea Flori, A. Spelta, Emanuele Brugnoli, Matteo Cinelli, Walter Quattrociocchi, F. Pammolli
We develop a minimalist compartmental model to analyze policies on mobility restriction in Italy during the Covid-19 outbreak. Our findings show that a early lockdowns barely shift the epidemic in time: moreover, beyond a critical value of the lockdown strength, an epidemic that seems to be quelled fully recovers after lifting the restrictions. We investigate the effects on lockdown scenarios and exit mechanisms by introducing heterogeneities in the model. In particular, we consider Italian regions as separate administrative entities in which social interactions through different age classes occur. We find that, due to the sparsity of the mobility matrix, epidemics developed independently in different regions once the outbreak starts. Moreover, after the epidemics ha started, the influence of contacts with other regions becomes soon irrelevant. Sparsity accounts for the observed delays across different regions. Analogous arguments would apply to the international borders. We also show how disregarding the structure of social contacts could lead to severe underestimation of the post-lockdown effects. Nevertheless, age class based mechanisms can help to mitigate rebound effects with milder strategies. Finally, we point out that our results can be generalized beyond this particular model by providing a description of the effects of key parameters on non-medical mitigation strategies for epidemics.
{"title":"Between Geography and Demography: Key Interdependencies and Exit Mechanisms for Covid-19","authors":"Antonio Scala, Andrea Flori, A. Spelta, Emanuele Brugnoli, Matteo Cinelli, Walter Quattrociocchi, F. Pammolli","doi":"10.1101/2020.04.09.20059592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.09.20059592","url":null,"abstract":"We develop a minimalist compartmental model to analyze policies on mobility restriction in Italy during the Covid-19 outbreak. Our findings show that a early lockdowns barely shift the epidemic in time: moreover, beyond a critical value of the lockdown strength, an epidemic that seems to be quelled fully recovers after lifting the restrictions. We investigate the effects on lockdown scenarios and exit mechanisms by introducing heterogeneities in the model. In particular, we consider Italian regions as separate administrative entities in which social interactions through different age classes occur. We find that, due to the sparsity of the mobility matrix, epidemics developed independently in different regions once the outbreak starts. Moreover, after the epidemics ha started, the influence of contacts with other regions becomes soon irrelevant. Sparsity accounts for the observed delays across different regions. Analogous arguments would apply to the international borders. We also show how disregarding the structure of social contacts could lead to severe underestimation of the post-lockdown effects. Nevertheless, age class based mechanisms can help to mitigate rebound effects with milder strategies. Finally, we point out that our results can be generalized beyond this particular model by providing a description of the effects of key parameters on non-medical mitigation strategies for epidemics.","PeriodicalId":401608,"journal":{"name":"GeographyRN: Migration Studies (Sub-Topic)","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123680566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is extensive evidence that higher temperatures increase the probability of local conflict. There is also evidence that emigration represents an important margin of adaptation to a warming climate. In this article, we analyse whether migration influences the link between warming and conflicts by either attenuating this connection in countries of origin and/or by exacerbating it in countries of destination. We find that in countries where the propensity to emigrate—as measured by past diaspora—is higher, increases in temperature have smaller effects on the probability of armed conflict, compared to countries with lower migration propensity. This is consistent with emigration functioning as ‘escape valve’ for local tensions. We find no evidence that climate-induced migration increased the probability of conflict in receiving countries.
{"title":"Should They Stay or Should They Go? Climate Migrants and Local Conflicts","authors":"V. Bosetti, C. Cattaneo, G. Peri","doi":"10.3386/W24447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W24447","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 There is extensive evidence that higher temperatures increase the probability of local conflict. There is also evidence that emigration represents an important margin of adaptation to a warming climate. In this article, we analyse whether migration influences the link between warming and conflicts by either attenuating this connection in countries of origin and/or by exacerbating it in countries of destination. We find that in countries where the propensity to emigrate—as measured by past diaspora—is higher, increases in temperature have smaller effects on the probability of armed conflict, compared to countries with lower migration propensity. This is consistent with emigration functioning as ‘escape valve’ for local tensions. We find no evidence that climate-induced migration increased the probability of conflict in receiving countries.","PeriodicalId":401608,"journal":{"name":"GeographyRN: Migration Studies (Sub-Topic)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127226930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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