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The smartphone role in the era of information technology 智能手机在信息技术时代的角色
Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.56781/ijsrmd.2022.1.1.0025
Alireza Atarodi, Hamidreza Atarodi
The world today is faced with huge achievements in development of technology and this enforce and speed up the process we wish for life. Using technology is a coin with two different sides of positive and may negative that should be cared not to make something worse than it is, then we should be aware of the advantages and disadvantages of the things we use to decrease the possible damages that can be resulted. Smartphone one of the technology era tools can make the best opportunity if it is understood well, mostly by the youth to get the best use of it, however, its properties and capabilities with various functions is beyond the scope of the youth understanding in some parts. The parents, teachers, society and the rulers’ duties should come to view and manage the status with a look toward the future. Neglecting the field, we are talking about something that may result more negative and destructive outcomes for all individual in our planet soon or late, then an effort to manage and or control the problem seems more necessary than ever.
当今世界面临着科技发展的巨大成就,这加强和加快了我们对生活的期望。使用技术是一枚硬币,有积极和消极的两面,应该注意不要使事情变得更糟,然后我们应该意识到我们使用的东西的优点和缺点,以减少可能造成的损害。智能手机是技术时代的工具之一,如果理解得好,可以创造最好的机会,主要是由年轻人得到最好的利用它,然而,它的属性和各种功能的能力在某些方面超出了年轻人的理解范围。家长、教师、社会和统治者的责任应该以面向未来的眼光来看待和管理这种状况。忽略这个领域,我们谈论的东西迟早会给我们星球上的所有人带来更多消极和破坏性的结果,那么管理和控制这个问题的努力似乎比以往任何时候都更有必要。
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引用次数: 0
A study on wound prevalence and its associated risk factors in donkeys in and around Shashemene town, Oromia Regional state, Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚奥罗米亚州Shashemene镇及其周边地区驴子伤口患病率及其相关危险因素研究
Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.56781/ijsrmd.2022.1.1.0024
Kufa Mustefa, Hamid Gelcha, Furi Beriso, Yonas Gizaw
A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of wound and associated risk factors in equines in and around Shashemene town, Ethiopia. A total of 338 randomly selected working donkeys were physically examined out of which 199 (59%) were affected by wounds. In this study body condition was significantly associated (p<0.05) with wound prevalence while age and sex of donkeys were not associated as p-value was >0.05. This study also showed as floor and weight load carried by donkey was significant with a p-value 0.033 and 0.000 respectively. The mean weight carried by donkey was 519.08 kg with the maximum and minimum weight was 800 kg and 100 kg respectively. The highest wound distribution was found at back or withers of the donkeys with a prevalence of 24.3% and followed by shoulder, prescapular, chest, forelimb, neck and hind limb with 11.83%, 10.35%, 4.14%, 3.84%, 3.55%, 0.88% prevalence respectively. Variation in a wound type, abrasion, laceration, punctures and incises, was also significant with p-value 0.000 and 35.23%, 17.8%, 5.3% and 0.6% prevalence respectively and most of the wound was a moderate (21.89%) and followed by mild (18.93%) and severe (18.04%). The highest wound prevalence was caused by improper harness design and saddle (45.85%) followed by unknown cause (5.32%)nail piercing (0.3%), overloading and overworking (0.3%) and infectious disease (0.01%) of wound prevalence. Most of the owners take their donkeys to the nearby veterinary service (50.75%) out of 58.9% of prevalence and most of them were give to their donkeys a short term rest. Generally, the study has clearly indicated wound as a prevailing health and welfare problem of working donkeys in and around Shashemene town. Hence, implementing a comprehensive donkey health and welfare improvement program that focus towards the attitude of owners and awareness creation which was not limited by boundary between town and country side should be a priority for concerned stakeholder.
进行了一项横断面研究,以估计埃塞俄比亚Shashemene镇及其周边地区马的伤口患病率和相关危险因素。对338头随机选择的工作驴进行了身体检查,其中199头(59%)有伤口。在本研究中,身体状况显著相关(p0.05)。本研究还表明,驴的地板负荷和重量负荷具有显著性,p值分别为0.033和0.000。毛驴平均负重519.08 kg,最大负重800 kg,最小负重100 kg。损伤分布以背部和肩部最高,发生率为24.3%,其次为肩部、肩胛前、胸部、前肢、颈部和后肢,分别为11.83%、10.35%、4.14%、3.84%、3.55%和0.88%。伤口类型(擦伤、撕裂、穿刺和切口)的差异也很显著,p值为0.000,患病率分别为35.23%、17.8%、5.3%和0.6%,其中以中度伤口为主(21.89%),其次是轻度(18.93%)和重度(18.04%)。伤患发生率最高的是鞍具设计不当(45.85%),其次是不明原因(5.32%),其次是穿甲(0.3%),其次是超载和过度工作(0.3%),最后是感染性疾病(0.01%)。在58.9%的流行率中,大多数(50.75%)的主人将驴带到附近的兽医处,并且大多数让他们的驴短期休息。总的来说,该研究清楚地表明,伤口是沙舍梅内镇及其周边地区工作驴普遍存在的健康和福利问题。因此,实施一项全面的驴健康和福利改善计划,重点关注业主的态度和意识的创造,不受城乡边界的限制,应该是相关利益相关者的优先事项。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of neuron-specific enolase, glycated haemoglobin and fasting plasma glucose levels in patients with diabetes peripheral neuropathy in Calabar Metropolis, Nigeria: A case control study 尼日利亚卡拉巴尔市糖尿病周围神经病变患者神经元特异性烯醇化酶、糖化血红蛋白和空腹血糖水平的评估:一项病例对照研究
Pub Date : 2022-11-30 DOI: 10.56781/ijsrmd.2022.1.1.0023
Raymond E Eworo, Augusta C Nsonwu-Anyanwu, Brendan E Akah, Rita D Alami
Background: Persistent hyperglycemia has been implicated in the development of neuronal complications in diabetes patients. Nerve damage and metabolic abnormalities may cause the release of neuron specific enolase into circulation. Aim: To investigate the relationship between serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) levels in diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy. Methods: one hundred and five patients with peripheral neuropathy and 60 apparently healthy non-diabetic controls aged 45-69 years attending Clinics in General Hospital Calabar and the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, between July 2021 and January 2022, were recruited into the study. Fasting plasma glucose was estimated using glucose oxidase peroxidase method. Glycated haemoglobin and NSE were determined using Boronate Affinity High Performance Liquid Chromatography and ELISA methods respectively. Height and weight were measured and BMI computed, and data analyzed using Student’s t-test, ANOVA, post hoc analysis and Pearson’s correlation at P<0.05. Results: Body mass index, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, glycated haemoglobin and neuron specific enolase concentrations were significantly different (P=<0.05) between the diabetic patients and the controls. Neuron specific enolase vary significantly (P<0.05) among the diabetic patients with different forms of diabetes peripheral neuropathy. Fasting plasma glucose correlated positively with NSE (r=0.441, P=0.000) and HbA1C (r=0.328, P=0.001) respectively. Glycated haemoglobin correlated positively with BMI (r=0.412, P=0.000) and NSE (r=0.328, P=0.001) in that order. Conclusion: This study has shown that glycated haemoglobin and fasting plasma glucose are related with neuron specific enolase levels in patients with diabetes peripheral neuropathy. Thus, rising levels of glycated haemoglobin and fasting plasma glucose (poor glycemic control) may be associated with progressive nerve damage in patients with diabetes peripheral neuropathy.
背景:持续高血糖与糖尿病患者神经元并发症的发生有关。神经损伤和代谢异常可导致神经元特异性烯醇化酶释放到循环中。目的:探讨糖尿病周围神经病变患者血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、空腹血糖(FPG)和糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)水平的关系。方法:在2021年7月至2022年1月期间,在卡拉巴尔综合医院和卡拉巴尔大学教学医院就诊的105例周围神经病变患者和60例明显健康的非糖尿病对照者,年龄45-69岁,纳入研究。采用葡萄糖氧化酶过氧化物酶法测定空腹血糖。糖化血红蛋白和NSE分别采用硼酸盐亲和高效液相色谱法和酶联免疫吸附测定。测量身高和体重,计算BMI,数据分析采用学生t检验、方差分析、事后分析和Pearson相关分析,P<0.05。结果:糖尿病患者体质量指数、血压、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、神经元特异性烯醇化酶浓度与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P=<0.05)。不同类型糖尿病周围神经病变患者神经元特异性烯醇化酶水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。空腹血糖与NSE呈正相关(r=0.441, P=0.000),与HbA1C呈正相关(r=0.328, P=0.001)。糖化血红蛋白与BMI (r=0.412, P=0.000)、NSE (r=0.328, P=0.001)呈正相关。结论:本研究表明糖化血红蛋白和空腹血糖与糖尿病周围神经病变患者神经元特异性烯醇化酶水平有关。因此,糖化血红蛋白和空腹血糖水平升高(血糖控制不良)可能与糖尿病周围神经病变患者的进行性神经损伤有关。
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引用次数: 0
Information searching activity based on the body's circadian rhythm (morning-evening) 基于身体昼夜节律(早-晚)的信息搜索活动
Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.56781/ijsrmd.2022.1.1.0021
Akram Mehrandasht, Alireza Atarodi
Introduction: Organisms, including humans, have an internal biological clock that helps them adjust to the regular rhythm of the day. We aimed to study the effect of body's circadian rhythm (morning-evening), (biological clock) in searching for information on different people. Methods: The present study is of a fundamental applied type that has been performed by quasi-experimental method. The statistical population of the study consisted of 69 medical students of Qom University of Medical Sciences who were selected by purposive sampling method. The data of this study were used in two stages of completing the general health questionnaire, morning and evening sleep type, observing the behavior of completing search tasks and log analysis using collected images from users and then were collected in Camtasia studio software. Then, recorded data were collected and analyzed by Excel software and SPSS-24 software. Results: The results showed that people who slept in the evening had better information searching in a shorter time than people who slept in the morning and between. Analysis of the samples searching and retrieval behavior showed that they performed a total of 1574 strategies and techniques in the searching process. In fact, the samples chose their searching according to the type of their task. Conclusion: None of the sleeping types can affect the tests and cause cycles. Based on the genetic changes that occur, humans have different characteristics changing from time to time and create individual and functional differences. The range of individual differences is much wide.
生物,包括人类,都有一个内部生物钟,帮助他们适应一天的规律节奏。我们旨在研究人体昼夜节律(早晚)(生物钟)对不同人群的影响。方法:本研究是一种基本的应用类型,采用准实验方法进行。本研究的统计人群为库姆医科大学医学院学生69名,采用目的抽样方法。本研究的数据使用分为完成一般健康问卷、早晚睡眠类型、观察完成搜索任务的行为和日志分析两个阶段,使用收集到的用户图像,然后在Camtasia studio软件中收集。然后用Excel软件和SPSS-24软件对记录数据进行收集和分析。结果:结果表明,在晚上睡觉的人比在早上和两者之间睡觉的人在更短的时间内搜索信息的能力更好。对样本检索行为的分析表明,他们在检索过程中总共使用了1574种策略和技术。事实上,样本根据任务的类型来选择搜索。结论:两种睡眠方式均不影响测试,不引起周期。基于发生的基因变化,人类具有不同的特征,这些特征会随着时间的变化而变化,从而产生个体和功能上的差异。个体差异的范围很广。
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引用次数: 0
Determinants of viral load status among HIV positive children on ART at Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa: A case control study 亚的斯亚贝巴Zewditu纪念医院接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的艾滋病毒阳性儿童中病毒载量状况的决定因素:一项病例对照研究
Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.56781/ijsrmd.2022.1.1.0022
Haymanot Jenberu, Mulualem Endeshaw, Yigzaw Kebede, Samson Mideksa, Amana Ogeto Luke, Rehima Zehir Ahmed
Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency Virus causes an immense amount of problems throughout the world, especially in sub-Saharan countries. Recently viral load is thought to be a good indicator in assessing HIV progression. Complementary feeding practice and type of complementary food are the major factors that affect VL Status. However, in Ethiopia there is paucity of evidence on the factors that could affect viral load among HIV exposed infants. Therefore, this study aimed to identify factors that affect VL Status among HIV positive children on ART at Zewditu Memorial Hospital (ZMH), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia using a case control study design. Methods: Institution based unmatched case- control study was employed among a total of 241 (71 cases and 170 controls) children attending for follow up in ZMH ART clinic from July to August 2020. The interviewer conducts a face-to-face interview for 24 hour’s dietary diversity from mothers using standardized and pre tested questioner. SPSS 20 was used for data entry and cleaning, while Stata 14 was used for data analysis. Backward stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association of the factors with the outcome variable. A P-value ≤ 0. 05 was considered statistically significant at 95% confidence level throughout the study. Result: Out of 241 children, 71 of them had high VL status, while the rest 170 of them had low VL status. Poor dietary diversity increases the risk of high VL on ART children [AOR= 4. 37, 95% CI: 2. 12-10. 71]. The risk of high VL increase on children whose mother’s marital status was single [AOR=4, 95% CI: 1. 40, 9. 70], among children who have a daily laborer mothers [AOR= 10. 6, 95% CI: 3. 20, 21. 67], and working on nongovernmental organizations [AOR=5. 32, 95% CI: 1. 68, 10. 51]. Children on WHO clinical stage 3 and 4 [AOR =15. 22, 95% CI: 4. 1, 39. 41], those children who started complementary feeding lately (after 6 months) [AOR= 4. 69, 95% CI: 2. 35, 13. 6] and children with poor Infant dietary diversity score [ AOR= 4. 37, 95% CI: 2. 12-10. 71]. Conclusion: Maternal marital status, maternal occupation, WHO clinical stage, late initiation of complementary feeding practice, and infant dietary diversity score are the factors affecting VL status in HIV positive children on ART at Zewditu memorial hospital.
导言:人类免疫缺陷病毒在全世界造成了大量的问题,特别是在撒哈拉以南的国家。最近,病毒载量被认为是评估HIV进展的一个很好的指标。辅食方式和辅食种类是影响VL状态的主要因素。然而,在埃塞俄比亚,关于可能影响艾滋病毒暴露婴儿病毒载量的因素缺乏证据。因此,本研究旨在通过病例对照研究设计,确定影响埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴Zewditu纪念医院(ZMH)接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的HIV阳性儿童VL状态的因素。方法:采用基于机构的非匹配病例对照研究,对2020年7月至8月在ZMH ART诊所随访的241例儿童(71例,170例对照)进行随访。采访者使用标准化和预先测试的提问者对母亲进行24小时的饮食多样性面对面访谈。使用SPSS 20进行数据录入和清理,使用Stata 14进行数据分析。采用后向逐步logistic回归分析确定各因素与结局变量的相关性。p值≤0。在整个研究中,0.05被认为在95%置信水平上具有统计学意义。结果:241例患儿中,高VL状态71例,低VL状态170例。不良的饮食多样性增加抗逆转录病毒治疗儿童高VL的风险[AOR= 4]。37, 95% ci: 2。成员。71]。母亲婚姻状况为单身的儿童VL增高的风险[AOR=4, 95% CI: 1]。40岁,9。[70],在有日工母亲的子女中[AOR= 10]。6, 95% ci: 3。20岁,21岁。67],并在非政府组织工作[AOR=5]。32, 95% ci: 1。68年,10。51]。WHO临床3期和4期患儿AOR =15。22, 95% ci: 4。1, 39岁。[41],较晚(6个月后)开始辅食的患儿[AOR= 4]。69, 95% ci: 2。35岁,13岁。[6]婴儿饮食多样性评分差的儿童[AOR= 4]。37, 95% ci: 2。成员。71]。结论:产妇婚姻状况、产妇职业、WHO临床分期、开始辅助喂养时间晚、婴儿膳食多样性评分是影响Zewditu纪念医院抗逆转录病毒治疗HIV阳性儿童VL状况的因素。
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International Journal of Scholarly Research in Medicine and Dentistry
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