This research investigates the linguistic features that can predict native speakers’ choice of three word order alternations of one kind of Verb-Direction Constructions (VDCs) in Mandarin Chinese, i.e., object initial, middle, and final types. Previous work on the contributing features is done through qualitative observations, and the direction of some predictions is unclear. This paper provides corpus based quantitative studies on both monofactorial and multifactorial analyses, which clarify the effectiveness of most of these parameters. In addition to the discussed features, some new features, such as the use of certain classes of verbs and imperatives, are also introduced in order to enhance the model; further directions and improvements are also.
{"title":"A Multifactorial Analysis on the Syntactic Variations in One Kind of Chinese Verb-Direction Construction (VDC)","authors":"Tao Lin","doi":"10.33011/CRIL.24.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33011/CRIL.24.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"This research investigates the linguistic features that can predict native speakers’ choice of three word order alternations of one kind of Verb-Direction Constructions (VDCs) in Mandarin Chinese, i.e., object initial, middle, and final types. Previous work on the contributing features is done through qualitative observations, and the direction of some predictions is unclear. This paper provides corpus based quantitative studies on both monofactorial and multifactorial analyses, which clarify the effectiveness of most of these parameters. In addition to the discussed features, some new features, such as the use of certain classes of verbs and imperatives, are also introduced in order to enhance the model; further directions and improvements are also.","PeriodicalId":403389,"journal":{"name":"Colorado Research in Linguistics","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128228071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Considering that Latin frequentative verbs have transparent morphological structure (the supine stem of the base verb concatenated with the frequentative -itare suffix and regular first conjugation inflectional endings), one would assume that the meaning of each such verb is related in a predictable way to that of its corresponding base verb, and that all members of the frequentative class share semantic entailments. However, frequentative verbs resist a uniform semantic analysis and can mean something entirely unpredictable from the sum of their parts, and traditional and contemporary definitions of frequentatives ignore the degree of idiomaticity between frequentative form and function and are based on limited corpus data. This paper provides a synchronic, corpus-based linguistic analysis of frequentative verbs in comparison to their base forms from both derivational (source-oriented) and usage-based (product-oriented) perspectives in order to explore the nature of the Latin frequentative. The paper concludes that a usage-based, product-oriented treatment of the data provides a more straightforward characterization of Latin frequentative verbs, highlighting the interconnectedness of morphology, syntax, and semantics.
{"title":"A Corpus-based Linguistic Analysis of Latin Frequentative Verbs","authors":"Jared Desjardins","doi":"10.33011/CRIL.24.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33011/CRIL.24.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Considering that Latin frequentative verbs have transparent morphological structure (the supine stem of the base verb concatenated with the frequentative -itare suffix and regular first conjugation inflectional endings), one would assume that the meaning of each such verb is related in a predictable way to that of its corresponding base verb, and that all members of the frequentative class share semantic entailments. However, frequentative verbs resist a uniform semantic analysis and can mean something entirely unpredictable from the sum of their parts, and traditional and contemporary definitions of frequentatives ignore the degree of idiomaticity between frequentative form and function and are based on limited corpus data. This paper provides a synchronic, corpus-based linguistic analysis of frequentative verbs in comparison to their base forms from both derivational (source-oriented) and usage-based (product-oriented) perspectives in order to explore the nature of the Latin frequentative. The paper concludes that a usage-based, product-oriented treatment of the data provides a more straightforward characterization of Latin frequentative verbs, highlighting the interconnectedness of morphology, syntax, and semantics.","PeriodicalId":403389,"journal":{"name":"Colorado Research in Linguistics","volume":"214 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114847222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The LinGO Grammar Matrix is rapid development grammatical analyzer that is enabled by a customization system, including an online questionnaire. The questionnaire allows any linguist to quickly build a starter grammar for any language. However, its documentation is not easily navigable. This paper describes the process of customizing the morphological section of the grammar, using Lezgi case inflection as an example. It outlines how suggestions for helping potential users to gain confidence in using the Matrix.
{"title":"Customizing the LinGO Grammar Matrix Morphology","authors":"Sarah R. Moeller","doi":"10.33011/CRIL.24.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33011/CRIL.24.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"The LinGO Grammar Matrix is rapid development grammatical analyzer that is enabled by a customization system, including an online questionnaire. The questionnaire allows any linguist to quickly build a starter grammar for any language. However, its documentation is not easily navigable. This paper describes the process of customizing the morphological section of the grammar, using Lezgi case inflection as an example. It outlines how suggestions for helping potential users to gain confidence in using the Matrix.","PeriodicalId":403389,"journal":{"name":"Colorado Research in Linguistics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117058925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The People’s Action Party (PAP) have won every election in Singapore since 1959 when the citystate was first granted self-governance. Over the years, its regime has been described as authoritarian by political observers (Rodan 2004; Tan 2012), the subjugation of the media a commonly brought-up example of the party’s ability to shut down contrasting political views (Seow,1998). With media laws that dictate the freedom of the press and protect the PAP’s interests, opposition parties have found it difficult to break their stronghold on the nation-state, and there has been no real political contestation in the general elections. Since 2011 however, the PAP, amidst social pressure to ‘keep up with the times’, have cautiously lifted the total ban on online campaigning and as a result, Singapore politics have undergone rapid mediatization. This has led to two major changes in the local political arena. Firstly, the shift in symbiotic relationships between the mainstream media, political organizations and the electorate in Singapore, has encouraged the paralleled rise of "newly competitive" opposition parties able to capitalize on newer, non-traditional spaces of communication to question the ruling legitimacy of the PAP (Ortmann, 2010). In order to brand themselves as alternative voices to an elite PAP, their public performances have appealed to growing populism, and tap on Singlish, an ideologically valuable linguistic resource, to do so. This paper analyzes the creative, patterned use of Singlish, indexically tied to "the common Singaporean" (J. Leimgruber, 2013), by opposition politicians in rallies to humorously attack PAP candidates and ideas. I argue that such linked uses of humor to language allow for opposition politicians to simultaneously position themselves as fellow lay members of the Singaporean community, and reinforce their own political stances through the deriding of the ruling party. Secondly, the rise of social media and alternative new media on the Internet have created an increasingly sophisticated citizenry (cf. Mazzoleni and Schulz, 1999) that exhibit greater degrees of "open political dissent" (Ortmann, 2010) and scrutinize political actors closer than before. This paper tracks online Singlish memes in which Singaporean netizens mock the PAP’s ’inauthentic’ expressions of Singaporean-ness and legitimize opposition politicians’ use of the language. As such, an alternative linguistic marketplace (Bourdieu, 1977) emerges in which Singlish humor is a symbol of populist resistance and solidarity. Through the analysis of these metalinguistic commentaries, I make a case for the commodification of Singlish as an ideological resource through which Singaporeans construct intersubjectivity and discuss how the nation-state is aligned with certain ways of using language.
{"title":"“Ownself Check Ownself”: The Role of Singlish Humor in the Rise of the Opposition Politician in Singapore","authors":"Velda Khoo","doi":"10.33011/CRIL.24.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33011/CRIL.24.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"The People’s Action Party (PAP) have won every election in Singapore since 1959 when the citystate was first granted self-governance. Over the years, its regime has been described as authoritarian by political observers (Rodan 2004; Tan 2012), the subjugation of the media a commonly brought-up example of the party’s ability to shut down contrasting political views (Seow,1998). With media laws that dictate the freedom of the press and protect the PAP’s interests, opposition parties have found it difficult to break their stronghold on the nation-state, and there has been no real political contestation in the general elections. Since 2011 however, the PAP, amidst social pressure to ‘keep up with the times’, have cautiously lifted the total ban on online campaigning and as a result, Singapore politics have undergone rapid mediatization. This has led to two major changes in the local political arena. Firstly, the shift in symbiotic relationships between the mainstream media, political organizations and the electorate in Singapore, has encouraged the paralleled rise of \"newly competitive\" opposition parties able to capitalize on newer, non-traditional spaces of communication to question the ruling legitimacy of the PAP (Ortmann, 2010). In order to brand themselves as alternative voices to an elite PAP, their public performances have appealed to growing populism, and tap on Singlish, an ideologically valuable linguistic resource, to do so. This paper analyzes the creative, patterned use of Singlish, indexically tied to \"the common Singaporean\" (J. Leimgruber, 2013), by opposition politicians in rallies to humorously attack PAP candidates and ideas. I argue that such linked uses of humor to language allow for opposition politicians to simultaneously position themselves as fellow lay members of the Singaporean community, and reinforce their own political stances through the deriding of the ruling party. Secondly, the rise of social media and alternative new media on the Internet have created an increasingly sophisticated citizenry (cf. Mazzoleni and Schulz, 1999) that exhibit greater degrees of \"open political dissent\" (Ortmann, 2010) and scrutinize political actors closer than before. This paper tracks online Singlish memes in which Singaporean netizens mock the PAP’s ’inauthentic’ expressions of Singaporean-ness and legitimize opposition politicians’ use of the language. As such, an alternative linguistic marketplace (Bourdieu, 1977) emerges in which Singlish humor is a symbol of populist resistance and solidarity. Through the analysis of these metalinguistic commentaries, I make a case for the commodification of Singlish as an ideological resource through which Singaporeans construct intersubjectivity and discuss how the nation-state is aligned with certain ways of using language.","PeriodicalId":403389,"journal":{"name":"Colorado Research in Linguistics","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121563796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Current psychiatric nosology emphasizes observable symptoms as the central schema by which mental illnesses should be classified; patients are identified as depressed or schizophrenic by virtue of observed behavior or reported experiences, rather than theoretical underlying causes that may lead to an array of diverse presentations. Within this schema, the diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is somewhat an outlier—its identification relies not only on overt symptomatology, but also the identification of a particular etiology from traumatic moment to current distress. That is, symptoms diagnosed as PTSD not only index that diagnostic category, but also a previous pathogenic trauma. This indexicality is bolstered by an act of rhematization, the transformation of indexical relationships into iconic links, whereby PTSD symptoms are understood as resembling a pathogenic trauma, thus distinguishing PTSD from disorders whose presentations carry no such resemblance to trauma. This paper was only possible through the generous feedback and reference suggestions by Kira Hall, Kathryn Goldfarb, and Chase Raymond.
{"title":"Rhematization as Etiology in the Diagnosis of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder","authors":"Ayden Parish","doi":"10.33011/CRIL.24.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33011/CRIL.24.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Current psychiatric nosology emphasizes observable symptoms as the central schema by which mental illnesses should be classified; patients are identified as depressed or schizophrenic by virtue of observed behavior or reported experiences, rather than theoretical underlying causes that may lead to an array of diverse presentations. Within this schema, the diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is somewhat an outlier—its identification relies not only on overt symptomatology, but also the identification of a particular etiology from traumatic moment to current distress. That is, symptoms diagnosed as PTSD not only index that diagnostic category, but also a previous pathogenic trauma. This indexicality is bolstered by an act of rhematization, the transformation of indexical relationships into iconic links, whereby PTSD symptoms are understood as resembling a pathogenic trauma, thus distinguishing PTSD from disorders whose presentations carry no such resemblance to trauma. \u0000This paper was only possible through the generous feedback and reference suggestions by Kira Hall, Kathryn Goldfarb, and Chase Raymond.","PeriodicalId":403389,"journal":{"name":"Colorado Research in Linguistics","volume":"360 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116054003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study explores the nature of oral explanations in German university teaching and focuses particularly on projections, which are a widely-used feature in order to guide the students’ attention. Projector constructions facilitate the production and organization of complex statements and allow the speaker to draw the students’ attention to crucial pieces of information. Furthermore, projections facilitate the drawing of inferences for the listener: The projector phrase opens up semantic and syntactic slots that need to be filled, so that the number of possible contents to follow is restricted. In German, the placement of the conjugated verb in the projected unit plays a crucial role for this construction.
{"title":"Oral Explanations in University Teaching: The Role of Projector Constructions in Spoken German","authors":"Anna M. Saller","doi":"10.33011/CRIL.24.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33011/CRIL.24.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the nature of oral explanations in German university teaching and focuses particularly on projections, which are a widely-used feature in order to guide the students’ attention. Projector constructions facilitate the production and organization of complex statements and allow the speaker to draw the students’ attention to crucial pieces of information. Furthermore, projections facilitate the drawing of inferences for the listener: The projector phrase opens up semantic and syntactic slots that need to be filled, so that the number of possible contents to follow is restricted. In German, the placement of the conjugated verb in the projected unit plays a crucial role for this construction.","PeriodicalId":403389,"journal":{"name":"Colorado Research in Linguistics","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122231159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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