Developing Nano catalyst for fuel cell with both high energy and power densities plays a vital role for satisfying the urgent demand of energy generation worldwide. To achieve a high power density of methanol oxidation reaction in fuel cell, it is essential to develop anode catalyst with high capacity and excellent stability. Metal oxides (Cobalt oxide) is a prospective anode material on account of its high energy density. In this paper different types of high-quality cobalt vanadate nanostructures such as Co3V2O8 and Co2V2O7 crystals have been synthesized as per the experimental procedure of hydrothermal treatment followed by heating at 450oC. Cobalt metavanadate nanostructures were synthesized via ammonium metavanadate and cobalt nitrate as a vanadium and cobalt source respectively. Structure and morphology of the synthesized samples were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The SEM image illustrated the formation of nanoparticles is very uniform in size and well separated The XRD patterns revealed that the synthesized sample are of high crystallinity purity. The molar ratio of Co:V effects on the type of products, morphology and size of cobalt vanadate nanoparticles was studied. The electrochemical characterization i.e cyclic voltammetry will be performed for the synthesized material of Co3V2O8 and Co2V2O7 and the current density will be examined.
{"title":"Controllable Synthesis of Cobalt Vanadate Nanostructure Materials for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Applications","authors":"L. Naik R., P. Justin, T. Narsaiah","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3728686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3728686","url":null,"abstract":"Developing Nano catalyst for fuel cell with both high energy and power densities plays a vital role for satisfying the urgent demand of energy generation worldwide. To achieve a high power density of methanol oxidation reaction in fuel cell, it is essential to develop anode catalyst with high capacity and excellent stability. Metal oxides (Cobalt oxide) is a prospective anode material on account of its high energy density. In this paper different types of high-quality cobalt vanadate nanostructures such as Co3V2O8 and Co2V2O7 crystals have been synthesized as per the experimental procedure of hydrothermal treatment followed by heating at 450oC. Cobalt metavanadate nanostructures were synthesized via ammonium metavanadate and cobalt nitrate as a vanadium and cobalt source respectively. Structure and morphology of the synthesized samples were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The SEM image illustrated the formation of nanoparticles is very uniform in size and well separated The XRD patterns revealed that the synthesized sample are of high crystallinity purity. The molar ratio of Co:V effects on the type of products, morphology and size of cobalt vanadate nanoparticles was studied. The electrochemical characterization i.e cyclic voltammetry will be performed for the synthesized material of Co3V2O8 and Co2V2O7 and the current density will be examined.","PeriodicalId":403429,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Advances in Chemical Engineering (AdChE) 2020 (Archive)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133596932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Present paper includes the usage of Ionic Liquids as greener solvents in extractive distillation by substituting conventional solvents. For the separation of minimum boiling methanol-acetonitrile azeotropic system, extractive distillation was carried out in Aspen HYSYS process simulator by using ionic liquids as solvent. Three imidazolium based ionic liquids namely 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolim acetate ([BMIM][OAc]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM][Cl]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([BMIM][Br]) used, were added as hypothetical compound in Aspen HYSYS. Flowsheet was simulated using NRTL as the thermodynamic model, giving a purity of 99.9% by mol of methanol in distillate. Optimization of distillation process was done by varying flow rate of ionic liquid, column stages, feed stage location, ionic liquid stage location and reflux ratio. A Total Cost Analysis (TAC) was carried out by using Economic Analyzer in Aspen HYSYS to compare the optimized design. [BMIM][OAc] is found to most suitable according to the energy and cost analysis.
{"title":"Methanol-Acetonitrile Separation By Extractive Distillation Using ILs","authors":"Yashvi Sheth, M. H. Joshipuraa","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3707366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3707366","url":null,"abstract":"Present paper includes the usage of Ionic Liquids as greener solvents in extractive distillation by substituting conventional solvents. For the separation of minimum boiling methanol-acetonitrile azeotropic system, extractive distillation was carried out in Aspen HYSYS process simulator by using ionic liquids as solvent. Three imidazolium based ionic liquids namely 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolim acetate ([BMIM][OAc]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM][Cl]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([BMIM][Br]) used, were added as hypothetical compound in Aspen HYSYS. Flowsheet was simulated using NRTL as the thermodynamic model, giving a purity of 99.9% by mol of methanol in distillate. Optimization of distillation process was done by varying flow rate of ionic liquid, column stages, feed stage location, ionic liquid stage location and reflux ratio. A Total Cost Analysis (TAC) was carried out by using Economic Analyzer in Aspen HYSYS to compare the optimized design. [BMIM][OAc] is found to most suitable according to the energy and cost analysis.","PeriodicalId":403429,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Advances in Chemical Engineering (AdChE) 2020 (Archive)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127930276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to increasing energy demand caused by growing civilization and human comfort on one hand, and the limited presence of conventional energy resources such as fossil fuels on the other hand, the use of phase change materials (PCM) in thermal energy storage (TES) systems has significantly increased. Typical applications are in building walls, glass windows, heat and cold storage units, textiles, cooling helmets, batteries, solar water heating system, HVAC units, etc. These materials store and release a bulk amount of latent heat during phase change process. Moreover, such materials are more economical and eco-friendly in use. However, the design and optimization of a system utilizing PCM is challenging. The objective of this work is to design and investigate a system yielding high rate of heat transfer to ensure lesser melting time required to achieve thermostat condition. In this work, the effect of asymmetric positioning of a heated circular cylinder on melt fraction, energy storage and temperature profiles is studied numerically for the Lauric acid as PCM (melting temp ~ 319K, Rayleigh number ~ 20,000, Prandtl number ~ 140) confined in a square duct. The simulations have been carried out using ANSYS Fluent 19.2. We considered five different positions/locations of the cylindrical object. It is found that a simple modulation in the location of the heated object, it is possible to tune the rate of heat transfer and thus the performance of TES devices.
{"title":"Melting and Thermal Behavior of Phase Change Materials Around an Asymmetrically Confined Circular Cylinder","authors":"M. Azim, Anoop K. Gupta","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3721504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3721504","url":null,"abstract":"Due to increasing energy demand caused by growing civilization and human comfort on one hand, and the limited presence of conventional energy resources such as fossil fuels on the other hand, the use of phase change materials (PCM) in thermal energy storage (TES) systems has significantly increased. Typical applications are in building walls, glass windows, heat and cold storage units, textiles, cooling helmets, batteries, solar water heating system, HVAC units, etc. These materials store and release a bulk amount of latent heat during phase change process. Moreover, such materials are more economical and eco-friendly in use. However, the design and optimization of a system utilizing PCM is challenging. The objective of this work is to design and investigate a system yielding high rate of heat transfer to ensure lesser melting time required to achieve thermostat condition. In this work, the effect of asymmetric positioning of a heated circular cylinder on melt fraction, energy storage and temperature profiles is studied numerically for the Lauric acid as PCM (melting temp ~ 319K, Rayleigh number ~ 20,000, Prandtl number ~ 140) confined in a square duct. The simulations have been carried out using ANSYS Fluent 19.2. We considered five different positions/locations of the cylindrical object. It is found that a simple modulation in the location of the heated object, it is possible to tune the rate of heat transfer and thus the performance of TES devices.","PeriodicalId":403429,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Advances in Chemical Engineering (AdChE) 2020 (Archive)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115753646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dr. Vaishali R. Umrigar, Ashish Anaghan, Himanshu Bardoliya, K. Patel, Hemal Parmar, P. Patel
The synthetic method of veratrole (1, 2-dimethoxy benzene), an important medicinal mid-body is highlighted with alternative routes. Catechol (1, 2-dihydroxy benzene) is taken as raw material and veratrole can be obtained through methylation by using dimethyl sulfate as a methylating agent. In the conventional process, reaction with excess use of dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is performed. At the end of the process excess, DMS generates high Chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the effluent. To mitigate this problem alternative of DMS and with minimum required amount of DMS have been experimented with a change in operating parameters. Operating parameters such as temperature, time under reflux conditions with different solvents have been investigated with respect to the yield of Catechol. Further reaction kinetics has been performed and the reactor model has been presented for the synthesis of Catechol.
{"title":"Synthesis of Catechol (1,2-Dihydroxybenzene) by Methylation","authors":"Dr. Vaishali R. Umrigar, Ashish Anaghan, Himanshu Bardoliya, K. Patel, Hemal Parmar, P. Patel","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3705236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3705236","url":null,"abstract":"The synthetic method of veratrole (1, 2-dimethoxy benzene), an important medicinal mid-body is highlighted with alternative routes. Catechol (1, 2-dihydroxy benzene) is taken as raw material and veratrole can be obtained through methylation by using dimethyl sulfate as a methylating agent. In the conventional process, reaction with excess use of dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is performed. At the end of the process excess, DMS generates high Chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the effluent. To mitigate this problem alternative of DMS and with minimum required amount of DMS have been experimented with a change in operating parameters. Operating parameters such as temperature, time under reflux conditions with different solvents have been investigated with respect to the yield of Catechol. Further reaction kinetics has been performed and the reactor model has been presented for the synthesis of Catechol. <br> <br>","PeriodicalId":403429,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Advances in Chemical Engineering (AdChE) 2020 (Archive)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127470961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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