Pub Date : 2019-11-13DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.88883
G. Hailu
{"title":"Introductory Chapter: Path to Net Zero Energy Buildings","authors":"G. Hailu","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.88883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88883","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":405316,"journal":{"name":"Zero and Net Zero Energy","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124419895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-27DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.87123
A. Freewan
Incorporating passive cooling devices within building design requires analysis of device variables and actions to improve cooling performance, maximize efficiency, and integrate with building elements. Improving devices performance requires understanding the relation of devices to design stages, building elements, and working mechanism, and actions performed by devices to enhance cooling process and effectiveness. Therefore, designers could integrate passive devices as intrinsic design elements. The current research introduces SARS as an innovative classification of passive devices based on cooling actions that are performed by a device like storing, avoidance, removal or slowing (SARS). All actions, devices, and variables were discussed and analyzed to help integrate them within design stages: analysis, designing, and performance. Understanding actions will help maximize the performance of the devices, combine two or more devices together, and integrate the devices’ deign in design process. Combining more devices together to perform more than one function will move passive design to a new level to become as whole building design approach and to be a core design element.
{"title":"Advances in Passive Cooling Design: An Integrated Design Approach","authors":"A. Freewan","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.87123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.87123","url":null,"abstract":"Incorporating passive cooling devices within building design requires analysis of device variables and actions to improve cooling performance, maximize efficiency, and integrate with building elements. Improving devices performance requires understanding the relation of devices to design stages, building elements, and working mechanism, and actions performed by devices to enhance cooling process and effectiveness. Therefore, designers could integrate passive devices as intrinsic design elements. The current research introduces SARS as an innovative classification of passive devices based on cooling actions that are performed by a device like storing, avoidance, removal or slowing (SARS). All actions, devices, and variables were discussed and analyzed to help integrate them within design stages: analysis, designing, and performance. Understanding actions will help maximize the performance of the devices, combine two or more devices together, and integrate the devices’ deign in design process. Combining more devices together to perform more than one function will move passive design to a new level to become as whole building design approach and to be a core design element.","PeriodicalId":405316,"journal":{"name":"Zero and Net Zero Energy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131329352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-27DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85490
S. Egwunatum, O. Akpokodje
Within the practice of construction economics, cost-benefit audits are carried out by proprietary audits with the intention of reporting the adequacy of any action and decision taken, meeting planned objective of a project or by efficiency audit which requires a more concise and restrictive investigation (like energy optimization) for its reporting. The efficiency audit system is most appropriate for energy utilization and performance investigation since it seeks to compare actual level of energy uses as against planned targets. This economic audit system of building energy requires that information about the energy designs are collected by means of management information system (MIS), reestablishing the data collected, compar-ing potential energy financial parameters with actuals, establishing the possible causes of variance. This is often justified or validated by such techniques as budgeted energy cost variance analysis, present value depreciation method, profit variance analysis, and cash flow and financial criteria analysis.
{"title":"Economic Aspects of Building Energy Audit","authors":"S. Egwunatum, O. Akpokodje","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85490","url":null,"abstract":"Within the practice of construction economics, cost-benefit audits are carried out by proprietary audits with the intention of reporting the adequacy of any action and decision taken, meeting planned objective of a project or by efficiency audit which requires a more concise and restrictive investigation (like energy optimization) for its reporting. The efficiency audit system is most appropriate for energy utilization and performance investigation since it seeks to compare actual level of energy uses as against planned targets. This economic audit system of building energy requires that information about the energy designs are collected by means of management information system (MIS), reestablishing the data collected, compar-ing potential energy financial parameters with actuals, establishing the possible causes of variance. This is often justified or validated by such techniques as budgeted energy cost variance analysis, present value depreciation method, profit variance analysis, and cash flow and financial criteria analysis.","PeriodicalId":405316,"journal":{"name":"Zero and Net Zero Energy","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124995006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-13DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85342
Bohumír Garlík
In this chapter, the urban structure will be defined with zero or almost zero energy consumption, followed by pollution parameters. Energy systems are designed as networks of energy-intensive local hubs with multiple sources of hybrid energies, where different energy flows are collected on the same busbar and can be accumulated, delivered, or transformed as needed into the intelligent urban area. For analysis of the purpose function of our energy system, a micro-network of renewable energy sources (RES) is defined by penalization and limitations. By using fuzzy logic, a set of permissible solutions of this purpose function is accepted, and the type of daily electricity consumption diagrams is defined when applying cluster analysis. A self-organising neural network and then a Kohonen network were used. The experiment is to justify the application of new procedures of mathematical and informatics-oriented methods and optimisation procedures, with an outlined methodology for the design of smart areas and buildings with near zero to zero energy power consumption.
{"title":"Optimising Energy Systems in Smart Urban Areas","authors":"Bohumír Garlík","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85342","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, the urban structure will be defined with zero or almost zero energy consumption, followed by pollution parameters. Energy systems are designed as networks of energy-intensive local hubs with multiple sources of hybrid energies, where different energy flows are collected on the same busbar and can be accumulated, delivered, or transformed as needed into the intelligent urban area. For analysis of the purpose function of our energy system, a micro-network of renewable energy sources (RES) is defined by penalization and limitations. By using fuzzy logic, a set of permissible solutions of this purpose function is accepted, and the type of daily electricity consumption diagrams is defined when applying cluster analysis. A self-organising neural network and then a Kohonen network were used. The experiment is to justify the application of new procedures of mathematical and informatics-oriented methods and optimisation procedures, with an outlined methodology for the design of smart areas and buildings with near zero to zero energy power consumption.","PeriodicalId":405316,"journal":{"name":"Zero and Net Zero Energy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130639718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-02DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85012
Liu Yang, Yan Liu, Yuhao Qiao, Jiang Liu, Mengyuan Wang
Based on recent investigations on building envelope with phase change materials from all over the world, we select the key scientific and technical issues including the thermal design methods, climatic and seasonal suitability and application, etc. The chapter mainly contains four parts: how to design building envelope with phase change materials, how to deal with issues on climatic and seasonal suitability of the technology, how to improve thermal performance of phase change materials applied in building envelope, and what is the application mode. The thermal design principle and a simple calculation method of building envelope with phase change materials are proposed by experiments. Thermal comfort pertaining to ASHRAE Standard 55 under different conditions is investigated, and an approach to estimate favorable climatic characteristics for building envelope with phase change materials is established. To exert the phase change materials applied in building envelope effectively, thermal transfer enhancement methods and application are also provided in the chapter. The chapter can be helpful for the development of building energy efficiency and the goal of zero and net zero energy.
{"title":"Building Envelope with Phase Change Materials","authors":"Liu Yang, Yan Liu, Yuhao Qiao, Jiang Liu, Mengyuan Wang","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85012","url":null,"abstract":"Based on recent investigations on building envelope with phase change materials from all over the world, we select the key scientific and technical issues including the thermal design methods, climatic and seasonal suitability and application, etc. The chapter mainly contains four parts: how to design building envelope with phase change materials, how to deal with issues on climatic and seasonal suitability of the technology, how to improve thermal performance of phase change materials applied in building envelope, and what is the application mode. The thermal design principle and a simple calculation method of building envelope with phase change materials are proposed by experiments. Thermal comfort pertaining to ASHRAE Standard 55 under different conditions is investigated, and an approach to estimate favorable climatic characteristics for building envelope with phase change materials is established. To exert the phase change materials applied in building envelope effectively, thermal transfer enhancement methods and application are also provided in the chapter. The chapter can be helpful for the development of building energy efficiency and the goal of zero and net zero energy.","PeriodicalId":405316,"journal":{"name":"Zero and Net Zero Energy","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122482778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-22DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84737
J. C. Román, R. J. R. Domínguez, Antonio Rodríguez Martínez, Pedro Soto Parra
The energy consumption for space cooling is growing faster than for any other end use in buildings, more than tripling between 1990 and 2016. The efficient use of energy is important to reduce the consumption of electricity of conventional air conditioning. This chapter presents a thermal analysis of absorption and adsorption chillers for conditioning the airspace in a building, controlling the hot maximum temperature at the generator input with a modulating tempering valve (MTV) programmed in TRNSYS and Excel software. The energy performance of the system was maximized based on the tilt of the solar collector, storage tank specific volume, and input generator temperature. The results showed that 35 and 27 l/m 2 of specific volume is a good choice for absorption and adsorption chiller without MTV, and 23 and 22 l/m 2 were selected absorption and absorption chillers using the MTV at a fixed tilt angle of 7° of the solar collector and selecting a minimum temperature at the generator input of 111 and 109°C for absorption chiller without and with MTV, respectively, and 75°C for adsorption chiller without and with MTV. The use of MTV represented a significant reduction of the heater energy for both chillers, mainly for absorption chiller.
{"title":"Thermal Analysis of an Absorption and Adsorption Cooling Chillers Using a Modulating Tempering Valve","authors":"J. C. Román, R. J. R. Domínguez, Antonio Rodríguez Martínez, Pedro Soto Parra","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84737","url":null,"abstract":"The energy consumption for space cooling is growing faster than for any other end use in buildings, more than tripling between 1990 and 2016. The efficient use of energy is important to reduce the consumption of electricity of conventional air conditioning. This chapter presents a thermal analysis of absorption and adsorption chillers for conditioning the airspace in a building, controlling the hot maximum temperature at the generator input with a modulating tempering valve (MTV) programmed in TRNSYS and Excel software. The energy performance of the system was maximized based on the tilt of the solar collector, storage tank specific volume, and input generator temperature. The results showed that 35 and 27 l/m 2 of specific volume is a good choice for absorption and adsorption chiller without MTV, and 23 and 22 l/m 2 were selected absorption and absorption chillers using the MTV at a fixed tilt angle of 7° of the solar collector and selecting a minimum temperature at the generator input of 111 and 109°C for absorption chiller without and with MTV, respectively, and 75°C for adsorption chiller without and with MTV. The use of MTV represented a significant reduction of the heater energy for both chillers, mainly for absorption chiller.","PeriodicalId":405316,"journal":{"name":"Zero and Net Zero Energy","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132687444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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