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The Disappearance of Class History in “Dialectic of Enlightenment” “启蒙辩证法”中阶级历史的消失
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.1515/9780804788090-011
W. V. Reijen, J. Bransen
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引用次数: 1
Frontmatter
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.1515/9780804788090-fm
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引用次数: 0
Excursus II: Juliette or Enlightenment and Morality 附记二:朱丽叶或启蒙与道德
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.1515/9780804788090-006
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引用次数: 3
Excursus I: Odysseus or Myth and Enlightenment 附录一:奥德修斯或神话与启蒙
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.1515/9780804788090-005
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引用次数: 1
Notes and Sketches 笔记和草图
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.1515/9780804788090-009
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引用次数: 0
Elements of Anti-Semitism: Limits of Enlightenment 反犹主义的要素:启蒙运动的局限
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.1515/9780804788090-008
M. Horkheimer, Theodor Wiesengrund Adorno
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引用次数: 2
Preface (1944 and 1947) 前言(1944和1947)
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.1515/9780804788090-003
M. Horkheimer, Theodor Wiesengrund Adorno
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引用次数: 1
Editor’s Afterword 编者后记
Pub Date : 2019-03-05 DOI: 10.2307/J.CTVD58T9P.15
Richard Rojcewicz
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引用次数: 0
The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception 文化工业:启蒙是大众的欺骗
Pub Date : 2017-05-15 DOI: 10.4324/9781315251196-23
Theodor Wiesengrund Adorno, M. Horkheimer
The sociological theory that the loss of the support of objectively established religion, the dissolution of the last remnants of precapitalism, together with technological and social differentiation or specialization, have led to cultural chaos is disproved every day; for culture now impresses the same stamp on everything. Films, radio and magazines make up a system which is uniform as a whole and in every part. Even the aesthetic activities of political opposites are one in their enthusiastic obedience to the rhythm of the iron system. The decorative industrial management buildings and exhibition centers in authoritarian countries are much the same as anywhere else. The huge gleaming towers that shoot up everywhere are outward signs of the ingenious planning of international concerns, toward which the unleashed entrepreneurial system (whose monuments are a mass of gloomy houses and business premises in grimy, spiritless cities) was already hastening. Even now the older houses just outside the concrete city centers look like slums, and the new bungalows on the outskirts are at one with the flimsy structures of world fairs in their praise of technical progress and their built-in demand to be discarded after a short while like empty food cans. Yet the city housing projects designed to perpetuate the individual as a supposedly independent unit in a small hygienic dwelling make him all the more subservient to his adversary—the absolute power of capitalism. Because the inhabitants, as producers and as consumers, are drawn into the center in search of work and pleasure, all the living units crystallize into well-organized complexes. The striking unity of microcosm and macrocosm presents men with a model of their culture: the false identity of the general and the particular. Under monopoly all mass culture is identical, and the lines of its artificial framework begin to show through. The people at the top are no longer so interested in concealing monopoly: as its violence becomes more open, so its power grows. Movies and radio need no longer pretend to be art. The truth that they are just business is made into an ideology in order to justify the rubbish they deliberately produce. They call themselves industries; and when their directors’ incomes are published, any doubt about the social utility of the finished products is removed.
社会学理论认为,客观上确立的宗教支持的丧失,前资本主义最后残余的解体,加上技术和社会的分化或专业化,导致了文化混乱,这种理论每天都在被推翻;因为现在文化在一切事物上都打上了同样的印记。电影、广播和杂志构成了一个整体统一、各部分统一的系统。即使是政治对立面的审美活动,也都是对铁体制节奏的热情服从。专制国家的装饰性工业管理大楼和展览中心与其他地方大同小不同。到处拔地而起的闪闪发光的高楼大厦是国际关注的巧妙规划的外在标志,释放出来的企业体系(其纪念碑是肮脏、沉闷的城市中大量阴暗的房屋和商业场所)已经在加速实现这一目标。即使是现在,混凝土城市中心外的老房子看起来也像贫民窟,郊区的新平房与世界博览会的脆弱结构一致,它们赞美技术进步,并要求像空罐头一样在短时间内被丢弃。然而,城市住房项目的设计,使个人作为一个独立的单位,在一个小卫生的住宅中永存,使他更加屈从于他的对手——资本主义的绝对权力。因为居民,作为生产者和消费者,都被吸引到中心来寻找工作和娱乐,所有的生活单位都结晶成组织良好的综合体。微观世界和宏观世界的惊人统一为人类提供了一种文化模式:一般和特殊的虚假身份。在垄断下,所有的大众文化都是相同的,其人为框架的线条开始显现出来。高层人士对隐瞒垄断不再那么感兴趣:随着它的暴力变得更加公开,它的权力也随之增长。电影和广播不再需要假装是艺术。他们只是商业的事实被变成了一种意识形态,以便为他们故意制造的垃圾辩护。他们称自己为工业;当他们的董事收入被公布时,对成品社会效用的任何怀疑都被消除了。
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引用次数: 403
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Dialectic of Enlightenment
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