The study results will be summarized as the following points: Point one, the growth of urban resilience is categorized into three periods. In the first period (1-2 year), urban resilience has faster growth, and the growth rate exceeds 10%, then the growth rate slows down (<7%) in the second period (3-8 year) and finally increases again (7%~8%) in the third period. Point two, the subsystems’ resilience plays distinct roles in the growth of generic resilience. For example, in the first period, the resilience of energy material network dominates the increasing of urban resilience followed by the resilience of governance network, the resilience of infrastructure network, and the resilience of socio-economic network. But in the second period, the resilience of energy material network slows down while the other subsystems' resilience overgrew. In the third period, the resilience of socio-economic network starts to play a critical role in the increase of urban resilience.
{"title":"The Dynamic Improvement Mechanism of Urban Resilience","authors":"Guijun Li, Chenhuan Kou","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3419348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3419348","url":null,"abstract":"The study results will be summarized as the following points: Point one, the growth of urban resilience is categorized into three periods. In the first period (1-2 year), urban resilience has faster growth, and the growth rate exceeds 10%, then the growth rate slows down (<7%) in the second period (3-8 year) and finally increases again (7%~8%) in the third period. Point two, the subsystems’ resilience plays distinct roles in the growth of generic resilience. For example, in the first period, the resilience of energy material network dominates the increasing of urban resilience followed by the resilience of governance network, the resilience of infrastructure network, and the resilience of socio-economic network. But in the second period, the resilience of energy material network slows down while the other subsystems' resilience overgrew. In the third period, the resilience of socio-economic network starts to play a critical role in the increase of urban resilience.","PeriodicalId":408307,"journal":{"name":"BioRN: Urban Development (Sub-Topic)","volume":"498 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123563623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urban growth is typically considered a process of expansion. As population grows and transport costs decrease urban density gradients are expected to gradually flatten. This is a basic feature of cities, explained by urban economic models and empirically supported by a plethora of studies about the urban density development from all over the world. But additional forces, such as changes in demographic composition and locational preferences of the urban population acting at local levels, may counteract the flattening tendency of urban gradients. In this paper, we suggest a methodology to test the impact of local density changes on urban gradients, looking at spatio-temporal developments in terms of housing and population. Using highly detailed data on individual housing units and inhabitants in major Dutch cities, we first assess and compare urban density gradients during the period 2000-2017. In all the analyzed Dutch cities, both dwelling and population density gradients are becoming steeper over time, contradicting standard predictions from urban economic literature and empirical reports worldwide. The observed trend of steepening urban gradients is partly explained by the presence of historical monuments and urban amenities.
{"title":"The Attraction of Urban Cores: Densification in Dutch City Centers","authors":"Dani Broitman, E. Koomen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3868416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3868416","url":null,"abstract":"Urban growth is typically considered a process of expansion. As population grows and transport costs decrease urban density gradients are expected to gradually flatten. This is a basic feature of cities, explained by urban economic models and empirically supported by a plethora of studies about the urban density development from all over the world. But additional forces, such as changes in demographic composition and locational preferences of the urban population acting at local levels, may counteract the flattening tendency of urban gradients. In this paper, we suggest a methodology to test the impact of local density changes on urban gradients, looking at spatio-temporal developments in terms of housing and population. Using highly detailed data on individual housing units and inhabitants in major Dutch cities, we first assess and compare urban density gradients during the period 2000-2017. In all the analyzed Dutch cities, both dwelling and population density gradients are becoming steeper over time, contradicting standard predictions from urban economic literature and empirical reports worldwide. The observed trend of steepening urban gradients is partly explained by the presence of historical monuments and urban amenities.","PeriodicalId":408307,"journal":{"name":"BioRN: Urban Development (Sub-Topic)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121373665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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