We study a new variant of the school choice problem in which capacities can be altered by distributing additional seats across schools in response to students’ reported preferences. We show that heuristics solutions to this capacity design problem can be inefficient, even if they focus on allocating seats to the most demanded schools. However, we introduce a simple myopic algorithm that characterizes the set of efficient matchings among those that respect priorities.
{"title":"Capacity Design in School Choice","authors":"U. Dur, Martin Van der Linden","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3898719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3898719","url":null,"abstract":"We study a new variant of the school choice problem in which capacities can be altered by distributing additional seats across schools in response to students’ reported preferences. We show that heuristics solutions to this capacity design problem can be inefficient, even if they focus on allocating seats to the most demanded schools. However, we introduce a simple myopic algorithm that characterizes the set of efficient matchings among those that respect priorities.","PeriodicalId":414766,"journal":{"name":"DecisionSciRN: Heuristics (Sub-Topic)","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121614686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This is an edited and enhanced transcript (with notes and references added) from a lecture on "Probability", prepared as background material for the Minds and Machines course (SYMSYS 1/PSYCH 35/LINGUIST 35/PHIL 99) at Stanford University. From a video recorded July 30, 2019, as part of a series of lectures funded by a Vice Provost for Teaching and Learning Innovation and Implementation Grant to the Symbolic Systems Program at Stanford, with post-production work by Eva Wallack. Topics include Basic Probability Theory, Conditional Probability, Independence, Philosophical Foundations, Subjective Probability Elicitation, and Heuristics and Biases in Human Probability Judgment.
{"title":"Probability","authors":"Todd R. Davies","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3649241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3649241","url":null,"abstract":"This is an edited and enhanced transcript (with notes and references added) from a lecture on \"Probability\", prepared as background material for the Minds and Machines course (SYMSYS 1/PSYCH 35/LINGUIST 35/PHIL 99) at Stanford University. From a video recorded July 30, 2019, as part of a series of lectures funded by a Vice Provost for Teaching and Learning Innovation and Implementation Grant to the Symbolic Systems Program at Stanford, with post-production work by Eva Wallack. Topics include Basic Probability Theory, Conditional Probability, Independence, Philosophical Foundations, Subjective Probability Elicitation, and Heuristics and Biases in Human Probability Judgment.","PeriodicalId":414766,"journal":{"name":"DecisionSciRN: Heuristics (Sub-Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121253647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this paper is to provide a fresh look at use of heuristics in management accounting from a process-oriented perspective. In experimental study 1 participants facing an accounting decision mostly ignored advice to decide rationally (e.g. in the sense of strictly following the instructions of the equal weights rule) and instead used heuristics in an ostensibly rational decision task. A detailed process analysis of these heuristics is provided through a verbal protocol analysis in study 2, which showed the typically involved phased strategy. Accountability, as introduced in study 3, is however one external factor that is strongly linked with the use of available cues and departing from (at least reported) non-compensatory rules. Overall, it is suggested that participants facing a management accounting task may not always act according to the laws of (economic) rationality, but under certain circumstances, their decision making can be seen as an adaptive strategy to cope with a complex and uncertain environment. A theoretical framework of this sort of heuristic reasoning in management accounting is suggested, together with possibilities of future research.
{"title":"Heuristics as Effort Reduction Mechanisms in Management Accounting – Some Evidence on Process Characteristics and Pre-Conditions","authors":"J. Basel","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2360656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2360656","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper is to provide a fresh look at use of heuristics in management accounting from a process-oriented perspective. In experimental study 1 participants facing an accounting decision mostly ignored advice to decide rationally (e.g. in the sense of strictly following the instructions of the equal weights rule) and instead used heuristics in an ostensibly rational decision task. A detailed process analysis of these heuristics is provided through a verbal protocol analysis in study 2, which showed the typically involved phased strategy. Accountability, as introduced in study 3, is however one external factor that is strongly linked with the use of available cues and departing from (at least reported) non-compensatory rules. Overall, it is suggested that participants facing a management accounting task may not always act according to the laws of (economic) rationality, but under certain circumstances, their decision making can be seen as an adaptive strategy to cope with a complex and uncertain environment. A theoretical framework of this sort of heuristic reasoning in management accounting is suggested, together with possibilities of future research.","PeriodicalId":414766,"journal":{"name":"DecisionSciRN: Heuristics (Sub-Topic)","volume":"24 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114042908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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