Pub Date : 2020-04-20DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92173
Silvia Lasala, Andrés-Piña Martinez, J. Jaubert
This chapter presents the features of the Enhanced - Predictive -PR78 equation of state (E-PPR78), a model highly suitable to perform “ physical fluid screening ” in power and refrigeration cycles. It enables, in fact, the accurate and predictive (i.e., without the need for its preliminary optimization by the user) determination of the thermodynamic properties of pure and multicomponent fluids usable in power and refrigeration cycles: hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, cycloalkane, naph-thenic compounds, and so on), permanent gases (such as CO 2 , N 2 , H 2 , He, Ar, O 2 , NH 3 , NO 2 /N 2 O 4 , and so on), mercaptans, fluorocompounds, and water. The E-PPR78 equation of state is a developed form of the Peng-Robinson equation of state, which enables both the predictive determination of binary interaction parameters and the accurate calculation of pure fluid and mixture thermodynamic properties (saturation properties, enthalpies, heat capacities, volumes, and so on).
本章介绍了Enhanced - Predictive - pr78状态方程(E-PPR78)的特点，这是一个非常适合在电力和制冷循环中进行“物理流体筛选”的模型。事实上,它使准确和预测(也就是说,不需要用户)的初步优化测定纯和多组分流体的热力学性质可用功率和制冷循环:烃(烷烃、烯烃、炔烃、环烷naph-thenic化合物,等等),永久性气体(如CO 2 N 2, H 2,他,Ar, O 2, NH 3,没有2 / N 2 O 4,等等),硫醇,fluorocompounds和水。E-PPR78状态方程是Peng-Robinson状态方程的发展形式，它既可以预测二元相互作用参数，也可以精确计算纯流体和混合物的热力学性质(饱和度、焓、热容、体积等)。
{"title":"A Predictive Equation of State to Perform an Extending Screening of Working Fluids for Power and Refrigeration Cycles","authors":"Silvia Lasala, Andrés-Piña Martinez, J. Jaubert","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.92173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92173","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter presents the features of the Enhanced - Predictive -PR78 equation of state (E-PPR78), a model highly suitable to perform “ physical fluid screening ” in power and refrigeration cycles. It enables, in fact, the accurate and predictive (i.e., without the need for its preliminary optimization by the user) determination of the thermodynamic properties of pure and multicomponent fluids usable in power and refrigeration cycles: hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, cycloalkane, naph-thenic compounds, and so on), permanent gases (such as CO 2 , N 2 , H 2 , He, Ar, O 2 , NH 3 , NO 2 /N 2 O 4 , and so on), mercaptans, fluorocompounds, and water. The E-PPR78 equation of state is a developed form of the Peng-Robinson equation of state, which enables both the predictive determination of binary interaction parameters and the accurate calculation of pure fluid and mixture thermodynamic properties (saturation properties, enthalpies, heat capacities, volumes, and so on).","PeriodicalId":414934,"journal":{"name":"Organic Rankine Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery - Analysis and Applications","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126625187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-19DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.89763
S. Saadon, S. Islam
Increasing emissions of carbon dioxide and fuel prices lead to extra efforts in finding solution to reduce the environment waste heat. One of the solutions emerging is the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system. It is one of the promising exhaust heat recovery technologies which is widely been used to recover low to mediumgrade heat rather than conventional steam Rankine cycle system. This chapter highlights on the different conditions and configurations of ORCs that are usually been applied. These different configurations have different constraints and usually will be considered based on the applications.
{"title":"A Recent Review in Performance of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)","authors":"S. Saadon, S. Islam","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.89763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89763","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing emissions of carbon dioxide and fuel prices lead to extra efforts in finding solution to reduce the environment waste heat. One of the solutions emerging is the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system. It is one of the promising exhaust heat recovery technologies which is widely been used to recover low to mediumgrade heat rather than conventional steam Rankine cycle system. This chapter highlights on the different conditions and configurations of ORCs that are usually been applied. These different configurations have different constraints and usually will be considered based on the applications.","PeriodicalId":414934,"journal":{"name":"Organic Rankine Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery - Analysis and Applications","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114392566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-09DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.89354
Qiang Liu
More than 60% of the world ’ s electricity is still produced from fossil-fired power plants. Recovering heat from flue gas, drained water, and exhaust steam which are discharged in power plants by organic Rankine cycles (ORCs) to generate power is an efficient approach to reduce fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. This chapter proposes conceptual ORC systems for heat recovery of drain from continuous blowdown systems, exhaust flue gas from boilers, and exhaust steam from turbines. The waste heat source temperatures range from 30 to 200°C. Environmentally friendly and nonflammable working fluids including R134a, R1234ze, R236ea, R245fa, R1233zd, and R123 were selected as the working fluids. The parameters of ORC systems were optimized, and the thermodynamic performance was analyzed. The suitable ORC layouts for various kinds of heat sources including drained water, flue gas, and steam were discussed with selecting the proper working fluids. The gross power output of a coal-fired power plant can be increased up to 0.4% by an ORC using the waste heat from the boiler flue gas. The ORCs using turbine exhaust steam with the cooling water as low as 5°C can generate 2 – 3% more power for a power unit.
{"title":"Waste Heat Recovery from Fossil-Fired Power Plants by Organic Rankine Cycles","authors":"Qiang Liu","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.89354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89354","url":null,"abstract":"More than 60% of the world ’ s electricity is still produced from fossil-fired power plants. Recovering heat from flue gas, drained water, and exhaust steam which are discharged in power plants by organic Rankine cycles (ORCs) to generate power is an efficient approach to reduce fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. This chapter proposes conceptual ORC systems for heat recovery of drain from continuous blowdown systems, exhaust flue gas from boilers, and exhaust steam from turbines. The waste heat source temperatures range from 30 to 200°C. Environmentally friendly and nonflammable working fluids including R134a, R1234ze, R236ea, R245fa, R1233zd, and R123 were selected as the working fluids. The parameters of ORC systems were optimized, and the thermodynamic performance was analyzed. The suitable ORC layouts for various kinds of heat sources including drained water, flue gas, and steam were discussed with selecting the proper working fluids. The gross power output of a coal-fired power plant can be increased up to 0.4% by an ORC using the waste heat from the boiler flue gas. The ORCs using turbine exhaust steam with the cooling water as low as 5°C can generate 2 – 3% more power for a power unit.","PeriodicalId":414934,"journal":{"name":"Organic Rankine Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery - Analysis and Applications","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122311382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-23DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.88208
T. Hung, Yongqiang Feng
Power conversion systems based on organic Rankine cycles have been identified as a potential technology especially in converting low-grade waste heat into electricity as well as in small-scale biomass, solar, or geothermal power plants. The theoretical analysis can guide the ORC design, but cannot predict accurately the system performance. Actually, the operation characteristics of every component have a vital effect on the system performance. This chapter presents the detailed operation characteristic of a small-scale ORC. The effects of the operation parameters, the mixture working fluid and the operation strategy on system overall performance are addressed. It can be concluded that improving the system overall performance should give priority to increase the pressure drop. Whether the mixtures exhibit better thermodynamic performance than the pure working fluids depend on the operation parameters and mass fraction of mixtures. The mixture working fluids obtain a higher expander shaft power but a relatively higher BWR. The expander rotating speed for standalone operation strategy keeps rising from 2320 to 2983 rpm, whereas that of grid connect operation strategy keeps constant of 3600 rpm.
{"title":"The Development and Application of a Small-Scale Organic Rankine Cycle for Waste Heat Recovery","authors":"T. Hung, Yongqiang Feng","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.88208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88208","url":null,"abstract":"Power conversion systems based on organic Rankine cycles have been identified as a potential technology especially in converting low-grade waste heat into electricity as well as in small-scale biomass, solar, or geothermal power plants. The theoretical analysis can guide the ORC design, but cannot predict accurately the system performance. Actually, the operation characteristics of every component have a vital effect on the system performance. This chapter presents the detailed operation characteristic of a small-scale ORC. The effects of the operation parameters, the mixture working fluid and the operation strategy on system overall performance are addressed. It can be concluded that improving the system overall performance should give priority to increase the pressure drop. Whether the mixtures exhibit better thermodynamic performance than the pure working fluids depend on the operation parameters and mass fraction of mixtures. The mixture working fluids obtain a higher expander shaft power but a relatively higher BWR. The expander rotating speed for standalone operation strategy keeps rising from 2320 to 2983 rpm, whereas that of grid connect operation strategy keeps constant of 3600 rpm.","PeriodicalId":414934,"journal":{"name":"Organic Rankine Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery - Analysis and Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123784576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-28DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.87113
C. Coquelet, A. Valtz, P. Théveneau
The design and optimization of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) require knowledge concerning the thermophysical properties of the working fluids: pure components or mixtures. These properties are generally calculated by thermodynamic and transport property models (thermodynamic or equation of state or correlations). The parameters of these models are adjusted on accurate experimental data. The main experimental data of interest concern phase equilibrium properties (noncritical and critical data), volumetric properties (density and speed of sound), energetic properties (enthalpy, heat capacity), and transport properties (dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity). In this chapter, some experimental techniques frequently used to obtain the experimental data are presented. Also, we will present some models frequently used to correlate the data and some results (comparison between experimental data and model predictions).
{"title":"Experimental Determination of Thermophysical Properties of Working Fluids for ORC Applications","authors":"C. Coquelet, A. Valtz, P. Théveneau","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.87113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.87113","url":null,"abstract":"The design and optimization of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) require knowledge concerning the thermophysical properties of the working fluids: pure components or mixtures. These properties are generally calculated by thermodynamic and transport property models (thermodynamic or equation of state or correlations). The parameters of these models are adjusted on accurate experimental data. The main experimental data of interest concern phase equilibrium properties (noncritical and critical data), volumetric properties (density and speed of sound), energetic properties (enthalpy, heat capacity), and transport properties (dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity). In this chapter, some experimental techniques frequently used to obtain the experimental data are presented. Also, we will present some models frequently used to correlate the data and some results (comparison between experimental data and model predictions).","PeriodicalId":414934,"journal":{"name":"Organic Rankine Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery - Analysis and Applications","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117069148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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