Rivista di Psicolinguistica Applicata-Journal of Applied Psycholinguistics最新文献

英文中文

Metalinguistic Ability in Bilingual Children: The Role of Executive Control. 双语儿童的元语言能力:执行控制的作用。

IF 0.1 Q4 Social Sciences

Rivista di Psicolinguistica Applicata-Journal of Applied Psycholinguistics

Pub Date : 2012-01-01

Deanna C Friesen, Ellen Bialystok

Although bilingual children tend to obtain lower scores than their monolingual peers on tests of formal language ability, they exhibit a processing advantage on non-verbal executive control (EC) tasks. This advantage may be attributable to EC practice that bilinguals routinely receive from the constant need to manage attention to two jointly activated languages. Metalinguistic tasks, unlike linguistic tasks, require children to access both their language knowledge (i.e., representations) and recruit EC ability; that is, metalinguistic tasks require children to use attentional processes to operate on linguistic forms. In this article, we review our recent studies examining linguistic and metalinguistic abilities in tasks that differed in the extent to which solutions were based on linguistic knowledge (representations) or control processes, allowing us to examine the relative contribution of each to bilingual language processing. Results indicate that bilinguals' superior EC ability allows them to compensate for weaker linguistic knowledge in metalinguistic tasks where greater recruitment of control processes is required.

虽然双语儿童在正式语言能力测试中的得分往往低于单语儿童，但他们在非语言执行控制(EC)任务中表现出加工优势。这种优势可能是由于双语者经常需要管理对两种共同激活的语言的注意力而进行的EC练习。元语言任务与语言任务不同，它既要求儿童获取语言知识(即表征)，又要求儿童调动交际能力;也就是说，元语言任务要求儿童使用注意过程来操作语言形式。在这篇文章中，我们回顾了我们最近的研究，这些研究在解决方案基于语言知识(表征)或控制过程的程度上存在差异，从而使我们能够检查每种解决方案对双语语言处理的相对贡献。结果表明，双语者优越的交际能力使他们能够在需要更多控制过程的元语言任务中弥补较弱的语言知识。

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引用次数: 0

EXECUTIVE FUNCTION PROFILES IN CHILDREN WITH AND WITHOUT SPECIFIC LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT. 有和没有特殊语言障碍儿童的执行功能概况。

IF 0.1 Q4 Social Sciences

Rivista di Psicolinguistica Applicata-Journal of Applied Psycholinguistics

Pub Date : 2012-01-01

Klara Marton, Luca Campanelli, Jessica Scheuer, Jungmee Yoon, Naomi Eichorn

We present findings from a study that focused on specific executive functions (EF) in children with and without specific language impairment (SLI). We analyzed performance patterns and EF profiles (spatial working memory, inhibition control, and sustained attention) in school-age SLI children and two control groups: age-matched and language matched. Our main research goal was to identify those EFs that show a weakness in children with SLI. Our specific aims were to: (1) examine whether the EF problems in children with SLI are domain-general; (2) examine whether deficits in EF in children with SLI can be explained by the general slowness hypothesis or by an overall delay in development; (3) compare EF profiles to examine whether children with SLI show a distinct pattern of performance from their peers. Our findings showed different EF profiles for the groups. We observed differences in performance patterns related to age (e.g., reaction time in response inhibition) and differences related to language status (e.g., sensitivity to interference). The findings show interesting associations in EFs that play a crucial role in language processing.

我们介绍了一项研究的结果，该研究关注的是有和没有特殊语言障碍(SLI)的儿童的特定执行功能(EF)。我们分析了学龄特殊语言障碍儿童和两个对照组(年龄匹配组和语言匹配组)的表现模式和EF概况(空间工作记忆、抑制控制和持续注意)。我们的主要研究目标是找出那些在特殊语言障碍儿童中表现出弱点的情感表达。我们的具体目的是:(1)研究特殊语言障碍儿童的EF问题是否具有域通用性;(2)研究特殊语言障碍儿童的语言障碍是否可以用一般迟缓假说或整体发育迟缓假说来解释;(3)比较语言障碍儿童的EF档案，以检验特殊语言障碍儿童是否表现出与其同龄人不同的表现模式。我们的研究结果显示各组的EF谱不同。我们观察到与年龄相关的表现模式差异(例如，反应抑制中的反应时间)和与语言状态相关的差异(例如，对干扰的敏感性)。研究结果显示，ef中有趣的关联在语言处理中起着至关重要的作用。

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引用次数: 0

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