The world economic system is now integrated, in the increased cross-border flows of goods and capital and in the sustained activity of institutions like the UNCTAD, World Trade Organization and other regional organization. In such a world, domestic political and economic dynamics have global implications. International Political Economy (IPE), an interdisciplinary field that focuses on the interplay relations between politics and economics.
{"title":"Introduction on International Political Economy","authors":"Dr. Mukesh Kumar Mishra","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2242404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2242404","url":null,"abstract":"The world economic system is now integrated, in the increased cross-border flows of goods and capital and in the sustained activity of institutions like the UNCTAD, World Trade Organization and other regional organization. In such a world, domestic political and economic dynamics have global implications. International Political Economy (IPE), an interdisciplinary field that focuses on the interplay relations between politics and economics.","PeriodicalId":415871,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Political Institutions: International Institutions (Topic)","volume":"165 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134462309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
“Peacekeeping economies” have not been subject to much analysis of either their economic or socio-cultural and political impacts. This paper uses a gendered lens to explore some ramifications and lasting implications of peacekeeping economies, drawing on examples from four post-conflict countries with past or ongoing United Nations peacekeeping missions: Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kosovo, Liberia, and Haiti. The paper is particularly concerned with the interplay between the peacekeeping economy and the sex industry. It examines some of the characteristics and impacts of peacekeeping economies, arguing that these are highly gendered – but that the “normalization” of peacekeeping economies allows these effects to be overlooked or obscured. It also contends that these gendered characteristics and impacts have (or are likely to have) broad and lasting consequences. Finally, the paper considers the initial impacts of UN efforts to tackle negative impacts of peacekeeping economies, particularly the zero-tolerance policy against sexual exploitation and the effort to “mainstream” gender and promote gender equality in and through peacekeeping. The paper suggests that the existence and potential longterm perpetuation of a highly gendered peacekeeping economy threatens to undermine the gender goals and objectives that are a component of most peace operations.
{"title":"UN Peacekeeping Economies and Local Sex Industries: Connections and Implications","authors":"K. Jennings, Vesna Nikolic-Ristanovic","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1488842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1488842","url":null,"abstract":"“Peacekeeping economies” have not been subject to much analysis of either their economic or socio-cultural and political impacts. This paper uses a gendered lens to explore some ramifications and lasting implications of peacekeeping economies, drawing on examples from four post-conflict countries with past or ongoing United Nations peacekeeping missions: Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kosovo, Liberia, and Haiti. The paper is particularly concerned with the interplay between the peacekeeping economy and the sex industry. It examines some of the characteristics and impacts of peacekeeping economies, arguing that these are highly gendered – but that the “normalization” of peacekeeping economies allows these effects to be overlooked or obscured. It also contends that these gendered characteristics and impacts have (or are likely to have) broad and lasting consequences. Finally, the paper considers the initial impacts of UN efforts to tackle negative impacts of peacekeeping economies, particularly the zero-tolerance policy against sexual exploitation and the effort to “mainstream” gender and promote gender equality in and through peacekeeping. The paper suggests that the existence and potential longterm perpetuation of a highly gendered peacekeeping economy threatens to undermine the gender goals and objectives that are a component of most peace operations.","PeriodicalId":415871,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Political Institutions: International Institutions (Topic)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121376688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-10DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-0237.2008.00146.x
C. Nakhle
In the 1980s and 1990s the North Sea emerged as a key non-Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries oil-producing province. Yet today overall production is declining, in both the British and Norwegian sectors, and the big oil companies and investors are losing interest in what they now see as a mature province. But apparent maturity is not a bar to new prospects and new possibilities. This paper analyses not merely the still significant potential of the North Sea, but also the wider and increasingly attractive prospects offered by the opening up of the High North, the Barents Sea and part of the Arctic region-all areas of rapidly growing interest that are on Europe's doorstep. Success will depend heavily on key questions such as the world oil price trend, technological advance and the structure of fiscal regimes for oil and gas extraction. But the opportunities are there and they could be to Europe's great advantage. Copyright 2008 The Author. Journal compilation 2008 Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.
{"title":"Can the North Sea Still Save Europe?","authors":"C. Nakhle","doi":"10.1111/j.1753-0237.2008.00146.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-0237.2008.00146.x","url":null,"abstract":"In the 1980s and 1990s the North Sea emerged as a key non-Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries oil-producing province. Yet today overall production is declining, in both the British and Norwegian sectors, and the big oil companies and investors are losing interest in what they now see as a mature province. But apparent maturity is not a bar to new prospects and new possibilities. This paper analyses not merely the still significant potential of the North Sea, but also the wider and increasingly attractive prospects offered by the opening up of the High North, the Barents Sea and part of the Arctic region-all areas of rapidly growing interest that are on Europe's doorstep. Success will depend heavily on key questions such as the world oil price trend, technological advance and the structure of fiscal regimes for oil and gas extraction. But the opportunities are there and they could be to Europe's great advantage. Copyright 2008 The Author. Journal compilation 2008 Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.","PeriodicalId":415871,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Political Institutions: International Institutions (Topic)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130183567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anne Peters, K. Armingeon, Karolina Milewicz, Simone Peter
Empirical research lends support to the idea of a, "multi-speed globe," of differentiated (fragmented) constitutionalisation, rather than a fully-fledged integrative constitutional process. "Variable geometry," on the global scale could acknowledge irreconcilable differences between nation states.A prominent candidate for one fragment of this variable global constitutionalisation is the World Trade Organization (WTO). Constitutionalisation of the WTO means an evolution from constitution to constitutionalism within this organisation.A core constitutional issue is the public interest. The concept of, "public interest," can be used in various ways. Exception and limitation clauses play an important role in the constitutionalist reconstruction of international law.The WTO is so far only modestly constitutionalised, but could and should be further constitutionalised. Further constitutionalisation of the WTO should comprise the following reforms: upgrading non-trade concerns such as the environment in the treaty language itself, liberalisation in trade sectors in which poor countries can compete, empowerment of individuals by enabling at least indirect participation in secondary law-making (parliamentary dimension) and dispute settlement (direct effect), streamlining of the decision-making and law-making processes by reviving the legally available options for majority voting and judicial review of WTO acts.
{"title":"The Constitutionalisation of International Trade Law","authors":"Anne Peters, K. Armingeon, Karolina Milewicz, Simone Peter","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1881650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1881650","url":null,"abstract":"Empirical research lends support to the idea of a, \"multi-speed globe,\" of differentiated (fragmented) constitutionalisation, rather than a fully-fledged integrative constitutional process. \"Variable geometry,\" on the global scale could acknowledge irreconcilable differences between nation states.A prominent candidate for one fragment of this variable global constitutionalisation is the World Trade Organization (WTO). Constitutionalisation of the WTO means an evolution from constitution to constitutionalism within this organisation.A core constitutional issue is the public interest. The concept of, \"public interest,\" can be used in various ways. Exception and limitation clauses play an important role in the constitutionalist reconstruction of international law.The WTO is so far only modestly constitutionalised, but could and should be further constitutionalised. Further constitutionalisation of the WTO should comprise the following reforms: upgrading non-trade concerns such as the environment in the treaty language itself, liberalisation in trade sectors in which poor countries can compete, empowerment of individuals by enabling at least indirect participation in secondary law-making (parliamentary dimension) and dispute settlement (direct effect), streamlining of the decision-making and law-making processes by reviving the legally available options for majority voting and judicial review of WTO acts.","PeriodicalId":415871,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Political Institutions: International Institutions (Topic)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124714945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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