Pub Date : 2019-02-20DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76310
M. Loukil
Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data were used to solve the structure of a newly layered copper-selenium hydrogen selenite and further refined to a final reliability factor, R 1 = 0.038. This structure was found to have an orthorhombic space group PBn2 1 , with a = 7.1753(4) Å, b = 9.0743(4) Å, c = 17.725(9) Å, V = 1154.06(10) Å 3 , and Z = 4. Although this structure may be described to exhibit a bidimensional structure, it is actually three- dimensional in shape. The bidimensional structure is made up of layers, parallel to the (010) plane, which contain copper atoms and (HSeO 3 ) (cid:1) anions with sheets interconnected by [CuCl 3 (H 2 O) 3 ] groups. Bond valence sum calculations were used to evaluate the Se and Cu oxidation states. Both the infrared (IR) and Raman spectra were obtained and employed to confirm the presence of hydrogen selenites (Se d O d H). Also, the dielectric constant at different frequencies and temperatures revealed a phase transition at 383 K.
利用单晶x射线衍射数据求解了新层状铜硒氢亚硒酸盐的结构，并进一步细化到最终可靠系数r1 = 0.038。发现该结构具有一个正交空间群PBn2 1, a = 7.1753(4) Å， b = 9.0743(4) Å， c = 17.725(9) Å， V = 1154.06(10) Å 3, Z = 4。虽然这种结构可能被描述为呈现二维结构，但实际上它的形状是三维的。该二维结构由平行于(010)平面的层组成，其中包含铜原子和(hso3) (cid:1)阴离子，薄片由[cucl3 (h2o) 3]基团连接。用键价和计算来评价Se和Cu的氧化态。红外光谱(IR)和拉曼光谱(Raman)证实了亚硒酸氢(Se d O d H)的存在，不同频率和温度下的介电常数在383 K处发生相变。
{"title":"The Characterization of a Newly Layered Bimetallic Hydrogen Selenite Copper-Selenium: Synthesis and Structure","authors":"M. Loukil","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76310","url":null,"abstract":"Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data were used to solve the structure of a newly layered copper-selenium hydrogen selenite and further refined to a final reliability factor, R 1 = 0.038. This structure was found to have an orthorhombic space group PBn2 1 , with a = 7.1753(4) Å, b = 9.0743(4) Å, c = 17.725(9) Å, V = 1154.06(10) Å 3 , and Z = 4. Although this structure may be described to exhibit a bidimensional structure, it is actually three- dimensional in shape. The bidimensional structure is made up of layers, parallel to the (010) plane, which contain copper atoms and (HSeO 3 ) (cid:1) anions with sheets interconnected by [CuCl 3 (H 2 O) 3 ] groups. Bond valence sum calculations were used to evaluate the Se and Cu oxidation states. Both the infrared (IR) and Raman spectra were obtained and employed to confirm the presence of hydrogen selenites (Se d O d H). Also, the dielectric constant at different frequencies and temperatures revealed a phase transition at 383 K.","PeriodicalId":416989,"journal":{"name":"Chalcogen Chemistry","volume":"256 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120913103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-20DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81118
S. Zerraf, M. Belhabra, Aziz Kheireddine, M. Tridane, H. Moutaabbid, M. Moutaabbid, S. Belaaouad
Chemical preparation, crystal structure, thermal behavior, and IR studies are reported for the barium cesium cyclotriphosphate dihydrate BaCsP3O9.2H2O and its anhydrous form BaCs4(PO3)6. BaCsP3O9.2H2O, isotypic to BaTlP3O9.2H2O and BaNH4P3O9.2H2O, is monoclinic P21/n with the following unit cell dimensions: a = 7.6992(2)Å, b = 12.3237(3)Å, c = 11.8023(3)Å, α = 90 (2) , β = 101.18(5) , γ = 90. (3) , and Z = 4. The total dehydration of BaCsP3O9.2H2O is between 100 C and 580 C. The IR absorption spectroscopy spectrum for the crystal confirms that most of the vibrational modes are comparable to similar cyclotriphosphates and to the calculated frequencies. The thermal properties reveal that the compound is stable until 90 C.
报道了环三磷酸钡铯二水合物BaCsP3O9.2H2O及其无水形态BaCs4(PO3)6的化学制备、晶体结构、热行为和红外光谱研究。BaCsP3O9.2H2O与BaTlP3O9.2H2O和BaNH4P3O9.2H2O同型，单斜P21/n，单位胞尺寸为:a = 7.6992(2)Å， b = 12.3237(3)Å， c = 11.8023(3)Å， α = 90 (2)， β = 101.18(5)， γ = 90。(3)， Z = 4。BaCsP3O9.2H2O的总脱水温度在100 ~ 580℃之间。晶体的红外吸收光谱证实了晶体的大部分振动模式与类似的环三磷酸盐和计算频率相当。热性能表明该化合物在90℃前是稳定的。
{"title":"Vibrational Study and Crystal Structure of Barium Cesium Cyclotriphosphate Dihydrate","authors":"S. Zerraf, M. Belhabra, Aziz Kheireddine, M. Tridane, H. Moutaabbid, M. Moutaabbid, S. Belaaouad","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81118","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical preparation, crystal structure, thermal behavior, and IR studies are reported for the barium cesium cyclotriphosphate dihydrate BaCsP3O9.2H2O and its anhydrous form BaCs4(PO3)6. BaCsP3O9.2H2O, isotypic to BaTlP3O9.2H2O and BaNH4P3O9.2H2O, is monoclinic P21/n with the following unit cell dimensions: a = 7.6992(2)Å, b = 12.3237(3)Å, c = 11.8023(3)Å, α = 90 (2) , β = 101.18(5) , γ = 90. (3) , and Z = 4. The total dehydration of BaCsP3O9.2H2O is between 100 C and 580 C. The IR absorption spectroscopy spectrum for the crystal confirms that most of the vibrational modes are comparable to similar cyclotriphosphates and to the calculated frequencies. The thermal properties reveal that the compound is stable until 90 C.","PeriodicalId":416989,"journal":{"name":"Chalcogen Chemistry","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125557272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-27DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82542
Ndibewu Peter Papoh
The study of chalcogen chemistry is just fascinating for two reasons. Firstly, they span the entire biotic communities connecting chemistry to many other scientific disciplines. These include biogeochemistry, biochemistry, biology, food, agriculture, and also medicine, as well as pharmacology. Secondly, the chalcogen elements known as chalcogens demonstrate extremely interesting properties forming new compounds endowed with sophisticated characteristics that are increasingly making a remarkable footprint in a new era of materials development. These two reasons have intensified worldwide exploration of chalcogen elements contained in natural compounds as minerals. Furthermore, the aforementioned reasons have motivated research focused on expanding knowledge on this special class of compounds. In the past few decades, the shift of interest has been toward the development of new materials (in combination with metals and ligands). The contribution of this field of chemistry to the development of new materials, and their impacts on the everyday life of mankind, has triggered a recent renaissance of the interconnectivity between new chemical concepts and reactivities, resulting in a multitude of multidisciplinary focused research niche areas. The unique structures and reactivity of the class of chalcogen compounds and materials [1, 2] as well as their fascinating optical [3, 4] and electronic properties [5, 6] confer onto them very wide potential applications [7–12].
{"title":"Introductory Chapter: Chalcogen Chemistry - The Footprint into New Materials Development","authors":"Ndibewu Peter Papoh","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82542","url":null,"abstract":"The study of chalcogen chemistry is just fascinating for two reasons. Firstly, they span the entire biotic communities connecting chemistry to many other scientific disciplines. These include biogeochemistry, biochemistry, biology, food, agriculture, and also medicine, as well as pharmacology. Secondly, the chalcogen elements known as chalcogens demonstrate extremely interesting properties forming new compounds endowed with sophisticated characteristics that are increasingly making a remarkable footprint in a new era of materials development. These two reasons have intensified worldwide exploration of chalcogen elements contained in natural compounds as minerals. Furthermore, the aforementioned reasons have motivated research focused on expanding knowledge on this special class of compounds. In the past few decades, the shift of interest has been toward the development of new materials (in combination with metals and ligands). The contribution of this field of chemistry to the development of new materials, and their impacts on the everyday life of mankind, has triggered a recent renaissance of the interconnectivity between new chemical concepts and reactivities, resulting in a multitude of multidisciplinary focused research niche areas. The unique structures and reactivity of the class of chalcogen compounds and materials [1, 2] as well as their fascinating optical [3, 4] and electronic properties [5, 6] confer onto them very wide potential applications [7–12].","PeriodicalId":416989,"journal":{"name":"Chalcogen Chemistry","volume":"567 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132098398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-05DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78647
Dan Xu, W. Wu
Heteroatom (metal and nonmetal) doping is essential to achieve excellent oxygen reduc- tion reaction (ORR) activity of carbon materials. Among the heteroatoms that have been studied to date, sulfur (S) doping , including metal sulfides and sulfur atoms, has attracted tremendous attention. Since S-doping can modify spin density distributions around the metal centers as well as the synergistic effect between S and other doped heteroatoms, the S - C bond and metal sulfides can function as important ORR active sites. Furthermore, the S-doped hybrid sample shows a small charge-transfer resistance. Therefore, S-doping contributes to the superior ORR performance. This chapter describes the recent advance-ments of S-doped carbon materials, and their development in the area of ORR with regard to components, structures, and their ORR activities of S-related species.
{"title":"The Role of Sulfur-Related Species in Oxygen Reduction Reactions","authors":"Dan Xu, W. Wu","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78647","url":null,"abstract":"Heteroatom (metal and nonmetal) doping is essential to achieve excellent oxygen reduc- tion reaction (ORR) activity of carbon materials. Among the heteroatoms that have been studied to date, sulfur (S) doping , including metal sulfides and sulfur atoms, has attracted tremendous attention. Since S-doping can modify spin density distributions around the metal centers as well as the synergistic effect between S and other doped heteroatoms, the S - C bond and metal sulfides can function as important ORR active sites. Furthermore, the S-doped hybrid sample shows a small charge-transfer resistance. Therefore, S-doping contributes to the superior ORR performance. This chapter describes the recent advance-ments of S-doped carbon materials, and their development in the area of ORR with regard to components, structures, and their ORR activities of S-related species.","PeriodicalId":416989,"journal":{"name":"Chalcogen Chemistry","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116625632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-05DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77989
S. Wonorahardjo, Fariati Fariati, Wayan Dasna
Analytical methods are needed to elucidate modern and complex compounds as well as to describe their physical properties. The underlying principles of chalcogen chemistry as well as the natural abundance of chalcogen elements are the base of building many biolog- ical substances, including sophisticated materials for future applications. Thus, the need for modern and state-of-the art analytical methods and techniques to characterize them, is obvious. In this chapter, challenges in analytical methods for chalcogen compounds and materials, as well as some examples of natural or synthesized materials or their combina- tions, including biomaterials, are discussed. Modern methods for chalcogen compounds analysis and structural determination discussed include: UV-Visible and infrared spec- troscopy (UV-Vis and IR), thermo analysis, electrochemistry, magnetic analysis, chromatography, X-ray methods (mostly XRF, XRD, and EDX), high-resolution microscopy (SEM and TEM), multinuclear NMR, computational analysis, and bioassay. Also, the historical background and nature of chalcogen elements, including reactivity and magnetic proper- ties as well as thermal behavior, common compounds of chalcogen elements: will be briefly discussed.
{"title":"Modern Analytical Chemistry Methods for Chalcogen Materials Analysis and Characterization","authors":"S. Wonorahardjo, Fariati Fariati, Wayan Dasna","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77989","url":null,"abstract":"Analytical methods are needed to elucidate modern and complex compounds as well as to describe their physical properties. The underlying principles of chalcogen chemistry as well as the natural abundance of chalcogen elements are the base of building many biolog- ical substances, including sophisticated materials for future applications. Thus, the need for modern and state-of-the art analytical methods and techniques to characterize them, is obvious. In this chapter, challenges in analytical methods for chalcogen compounds and materials, as well as some examples of natural or synthesized materials or their combina- tions, including biomaterials, are discussed. Modern methods for chalcogen compounds analysis and structural determination discussed include: UV-Visible and infrared spec- troscopy (UV-Vis and IR), thermo analysis, electrochemistry, magnetic analysis, chromatography, X-ray methods (mostly XRF, XRD, and EDX), high-resolution microscopy (SEM and TEM), multinuclear NMR, computational analysis, and bioassay. Also, the historical background and nature of chalcogen elements, including reactivity and magnetic proper- ties as well as thermal behavior, common compounds of chalcogen elements: will be briefly discussed.","PeriodicalId":416989,"journal":{"name":"Chalcogen Chemistry","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128267476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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