Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.5325/jdevepers.2.1-2.0062
Ben d’Exelle, A. Riedl
Gender inequality in access to resources remains persistent in rural areas in developing countries. To better understand the mechanisms responsible for gender inequality, we start from the observation that access to resources in rural villages is largely determined by within-village resource sharing, which is embedded in social networks. It is therefore important to study the influence of gender on resource sharing while taking account of the social networks of men and women. To do so, we combine data from a distribution experiment and a network survey in rural Nicaragua. We find that sharing is higher among friends and that women have fewer friends than men. Men share more than women and do not discriminate against women, while women share less with men. These results are robust to controls for friendship ties and gender differences in the reporting of these ties. We attribute these results to the gendered division of labour.
{"title":"Gender Inequality and Resource Sharing: Evidence from Rural Nicaragua","authors":"Ben d’Exelle, A. Riedl","doi":"10.5325/jdevepers.2.1-2.0062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jdevepers.2.1-2.0062","url":null,"abstract":"Gender inequality in access to resources remains persistent in rural areas in developing countries. To better understand the mechanisms responsible for gender inequality, we start from the observation that access to resources in rural villages is largely determined by within-village resource sharing, which is embedded in social networks. It is therefore important to study the influence of gender on resource sharing while taking account of the social networks of men and women. To do so, we combine data from a distribution experiment and a network survey in rural Nicaragua. We find that sharing is higher among friends and that women have fewer friends than men. Men share more than women and do not discriminate against women, while women share less with men. These results are robust to controls for friendship ties and gender differences in the reporting of these ties. We attribute these results to the gendered division of labour.","PeriodicalId":421852,"journal":{"name":"GeographyRN: Natural Resources (Sub-Topic)","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114251789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-31DOI: 10.34218/IJARET.10.1.2019.005
V. Thanigaivelan, M. Loganathan
In this study, the combustion and emission characteristics of biodiesel produced from Cashew nut shell oil and its blends and diesel fuel were compared. The experiments were performed in a single-cylinder direct injection diesel engine at steady state conditions over the constant RPM (1500 RPM). During the experiments, the specific fuel consumption (SFC), pollutant emissions like hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen NOx) and smoke, and in-cylinder pressures were measured. The experimental results showed that, biodiesel blends had a 26.79 - 24% reduction in brake thermal relative to diesel fuel. On the other hand, Cashew nut shell oil biodiesel drastically increases CO, HC and smoke, while the NOx emission decreased. The combustion analysis showed that the addition of Cashew nut shell oil biodiesel to diesel fuel reduced the ignition delay period and also reduced the premixed peak. These results showed that Cashew nut shell oil biodiesel and its blends could be used without any modifications as an alternative fuel in diesel engine.
{"title":"Investigational Analysis of Performance Characteristics and Emission of Cashew Nut Shell Biodiesel on Di Diesel Engine","authors":"V. Thanigaivelan, M. Loganathan","doi":"10.34218/IJARET.10.1.2019.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34218/IJARET.10.1.2019.005","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the combustion and emission characteristics of biodiesel produced from Cashew nut shell oil and its blends and diesel fuel were compared. The experiments were performed in a single-cylinder direct injection diesel engine at steady state conditions over the constant RPM (1500 RPM). During the experiments, the specific fuel consumption (SFC), pollutant emissions like hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen NOx) and smoke, and in-cylinder pressures were measured. The experimental results showed that, biodiesel blends had a 26.79 - 24% reduction in brake thermal relative to diesel fuel. On the other hand, Cashew nut shell oil biodiesel drastically increases CO, HC and smoke, while the NOx emission decreased. The combustion analysis showed that the addition of Cashew nut shell oil biodiesel to diesel fuel reduced the ignition delay period and also reduced the premixed peak. These results showed that Cashew nut shell oil biodiesel and its blends could be used without any modifications as an alternative fuel in diesel engine.","PeriodicalId":421852,"journal":{"name":"GeographyRN: Natural Resources (Sub-Topic)","volume":"2020 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114909706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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